Section A presents a literature review of the issues and challenges facing fathers in the postnatal period, in the context of an historical marginalisation of fathers in the study of child development. The review leads to a specific focus on the limited research evidencing the increased risk fathers face to their mental health, when coping with a partner's admission to a Mother and Baby Unit (MBU). Section B Fathers' experience of the joint admission of a partner and child to an MBU has been the subject of limited research, despite initial findings suggesting fathers are at increased risk of postnatal paternal mental health difficulties. This qualitative study aimed to explore the lived experience of fathers in this context, to inform the validity of future research in the area. Interpretative phenomenological analysis was carried out following semi-structured interviews with six fathers in south east England. Five master themes showed that these fathers experienced the onset of their partners' postnatal mental health difficulties as unexpected and traumatic. Fathers needed to acknowledge limits in their ability to help, and the necessity of calling on specialist services. During admission, fathers felt pulled physically and emotionally between managing their own needs, and the needs of their partner and new baby. Themes showing the MBU admission challenged their fathering role and identity were contrasted with the importance fathers placed in treatment needing to be a 'family affair', inclusive and supportive of the father, and mindful of the impacts on the couple relationship. The impact of culture on fathers' adjustment to involvement at the MBU was noteworthy. In conclusion, this research helps understand the importance of including the father where appropriate in a mother's recovery programme, and helping the father define a role alongside the clinical team. The findings of the study validate the efforts of government policy to build effective family focused perinatal services. Section C sets out the journey taken from the ethnographic inception of the research idea, through dilemmas encountered in carrying out the study, to reflections on what was learnt during the process.

Since the inception of the industrialization of Taiwan¡¦s society, people have changed their lifestyles and values thanks to the rapid economic growth. This phenomenon has also been accompanied by the deprivation of spiritual and psychological needs. Being highly civilized also implies the psychological illness as the most serious and one of the most easily overlooked illness. The World Health Organization has made solemn warning and prediction that depression will be listed along with cancer and AIDS as the world's three major psychological illness by the year 2020. It is also a growing concern that depression consequently results in health and socio-economic losses such as waste of resources in medical insurance. Given the situation described above, it is our society¡¦s top priority to control the spread of depression. Therefore, organizations that focus on curing depression will serve a more important role in the future. So far there have been very few systematic research literatures that dedicate to the analysis of the collaborative relationship among non-profit, social organizations and businesses. So far, we have not been able to find any study focusing on such relationship based on the unique terminology ¡§strategic alliance¡¨ commonly used by the businesses to define the partnerships among non-profit organizations. Presently, whether in public or private sectors, the link between the mode of independent operation and the grassroots¡¦ need remains unclear and therefore often leads to unsatisfactory results, contributing to the waste of civil and governmental resources. Consequently, it has become an urgent matter that the government unit, business sector and civil 3rd non-profit organizations establish an effective and practical cooperative mechanism based on strategic alliance to promote social welfare or work related to advocating the awareness of social welfare. This report used the ¡§Daylily Depression Prevention Association¡¨ in the city of Kaohsiung, Taiwan as a case study to perform an in-depth analysis on the organization¡¦s capabilities in handling the integration of the resources and joint implementation of the partnership project planning, as well as the results acquired from executing the strategies set through the public relationship of the media¡¦s marketing channels under various situations. Additionally, we organized and compiled the valuable opinions and practical advices obtained from in-depth interviews with the industry, the government and academic institutions, access to relevant experts, scholars and practitioners. We hope to provide reference directions which not only are adapt to the public issues but also follows the main stream values of the modern times, to similar non-profit organizations. These results could also be used as the basis for future organizational development. The findings indicate that the resources acquired through the links based upon strategic alliance partnerships is an important factor that non-profit organizations rely on for survival and growth. Not only can these resources reduce the risks resulted from competition in the market but also establish the direction where the organization follows for future growth and the guidelines used for internal management. Non-profit organizations must break down the stereotype which the society perceived as a vulnerable group. They must proactively look for the best resources that they can leverage upon through the cooperative mechanism in strategic alliance. This way the non-profit organizations can extend their tentacles to the public and private areas; highlight the mutual benefit between them and the governmental departments, academic institutions and private enterprises to actively strengthen theirs cooperation ties well into the 21st century with the advent of the era of mission leadership.

Anxiety and depression are common in children and adolescents, and involve individual suffering, risk of future psychiatric problems, and high costs to society. However, only a limited number of children experiencing debilitating anxiety and depression are identified and receive professional help. One approach that could possibly reduce the prevalence of these conditions is universal school-based prevention aimed at reducing the impact of risk factors and strengthening protective factors involved in the development of anxiety and depression. The current thesis aimed to contribute to the literature on universal prevention of anxiety and depression in children. Study I involved a meta-analysis of earlier randomized, and cluster-randomized trials of universal prevention of anxiety and depression. Overall, the meta-analysis showed small but significant effects of universal preventive interventions, meaning that lower levels of anxiety and depression were evident after intervention completion and partially evident at follow-up assessments. No variables were found to significantly enhance the effects, however, there was a tendency for larger effects to be associated with mental health professionals delivering the interventions. In Study II, a widely adopted prevention program called Friends for Life was evaluated in a large school-based cluster-randomized effectiveness trial. The results showed no evidence of an intervention effect for the whole sample. However, children with elevated depressive symptoms at baseline and children with teachers who highly participated in supervision, seemed to benefit from the intervention in the short term. Study III involved a 3-year follow-up of Study II and an examination of the effects of sample attrition. The results showed no long-term effects for the whole sample and no maintenance of the short-term subgroup effects observed in Study II. Finally, to increase our understanding of the development of anxiety in children and to assist future improvements of universal prevention, Study IV evaluated different trajectories of overall anxiety together with related patterns of disorder-specific symptoms in a school-based sample over 39 months. Evidence favored a model of three different developmental trajectories across age. One trajectory was characterized by increasing levels of overall anxiety, but fluctuating disorder-specific symptoms arguably related to the normal challenges of children’s developmental level, which warrants an increased focus on age-relevant challenges in universal prevention. The four studies provide further understanding of the overall effectiveness of universal prevention of anxiety and depression in children, the short- and long-term effects of universal prevention in a Swedish context, and ideas for further development of preventive interventions.