The dissertation deals with the iss. of physical activity in connection with primary prevention. It concerns particularly primary prevention of non-infectious diseases with massive incidence. It is important to know the principles that can contribute to the efficiency of nursing intervention in the area of physical activity. The model of stages of readiness for change plays a significant role here. The goal of the dissertation consisted in mapping the quality and quantity of exercise in ealthy population and its differences related to gender, age, education, and its role as a tool influencing the quality of health condition. Based on that goal, the following hypotheses were stated: Men and women differ in physical activity quality. Men and women differ in physical activity quantity. The quantity of physical aktivity decreases with increasing age in healthy population. The quality level of physical activity changes with the degree of education achieved. The quantity level of physical activity changes with the degree of education achieved. Further, the following research question was asked: How does physical activity contribute to bio-psycho-social aspects of life? The research within the dissertation was designed as quantitative-qualitative research. The selection set of the quantitative part consisted of 1122 respondents who constituted a representative set of adult population for the Czech Republic, according to the preset socio-demographic indicators. The data collection was performed in form of questionnaire research through the standardized short version of IPAQ questionnaire. The degree of dependence of selected categorial features was determined by chi-square test. Ordinal and cardinal data, after verification of normality by Shapiro-Wilk test, were processed with the help of non-arametric Mann-Whitney test, Wilcoxon paired test and Spearman non-parametric correlation. The qualitative research took place in form of a six-month experiment in which the research group (20 probands) was subject to intervention of physical activity, while the control group (34 probands) lived common life. Before and after intervention, subjectively perceived quality of life was measured in both groups with the help of selected questions of the standardized WHOQOL 100 questionnaire, and body composition was measured with the help of biolectrical impedance with Bodystat 1500 device. The research found that both men and women spend most of the day sitting. That fact is very probably related also to the Body Mass Index, showing an average value of 25.6 kg/m2 in the 1122 respondents, which is a value ranking in the category of overweight. It was proved that men are more active than women, preferring more intensive physical activity, which complies fully with statements of other authors. But an interesting fact is that the intensity and frequency of physical activity are influenced by education. Particularly respondents with university education are more active. On the contrary, age is related to decreasing intensity and frequency of physical activity, which is stated by other authors as well. The dissertation had four goals set and all of them were met. The five hypotheses were verified too. It can be stated that men and women differ in the quality and quantity of physical activity. It can also be stated that the level of quality and quantity of physical activity decreases with increasing age. And finally, it was shown that the quality and quantity of physical activity change also with the level of the education achieved. Regular physical activity contributes to improve the subjectively perceived psycho-social aspects of quality of life. They influence the body composition of the probands too. Nursing, considered an irreplaceable and self-standing scientific discipline, can contribute essentially to the development of active lifestyle not only of ill but also of healthy individuals.

During the life, people encounter hazardous factors which can negatively influence their health. Society tries to avoid these hazardous factors introducing preventive programmes with a wide range of impact. This MA thesis is called "Preventive programmes analysis in a selected town". These programmes were specified to preventive programmes focused on addictive substances with the aim to find out how participants from Jindrichuv Hradec perceive these addiction preventive programmes. The research has revealed that preventive programmes in schools are conducted by various organizations and lecturers. In order to gain the relevant data, the research was focused on evaluation of the last preventive programme carried out in the school. After elaborating the practical part, the strategy of quantitative research was chosen and accomplished by the interrogative method realized by a questionnaire. The research was done in six elementary schools and five high schools in Jindrichuv Hradec. The participants were made up of the 8th and 9th grade elementary-school pupils and the 3rd and 4th grade high-school students. As a research tool, a questionnaire consisting of 12 questions was used. The questions targeted to reveal in which form of the preventive programme the respondents had taken part, which form they preferred, who conducted the programme, and what sort of lecturer they would prefer. Using the semantic differential involving opposite pairs of adjectives on a 7-grade scale, the respondents' attitude towards the content of the preventive programmes was elicited as well as their attitude towards the person conducting the programme. Two research questions were stated: 1) What kind of addiction preventive programmes do the participants in Jindrichuv Hradec prefer? 2) What positive and negative aspects do the preventive programmes contain according to the participants in Jindrichuv Hradec? Regarding the set aim and the research questions of this MA thesis, two hypotheses have been determined. Hypothesis no. 1: "High-school participants, in contrast to elementary-school participants, rather prefer the interactive form of the preventive programme." This hypothesis has been tested by the Khi-Quadrate Test. As a result, a statistically significant relation between the type of school and the interactive programme preference has been revealed. Hypothesis no. 2: "High-school participants perceive preventive programmes rather in a negative way in comparison to elementary-school participants." This hypothesis has been tested by the T-Test. The data concerning the preventive programme's content evaluation and the data concerning the evaluation of the person conducting the programme have been analysed separately. A statistically significant relation between the variables has been discovered by the final result. The results show that the high-school students prefer the form of the interactive preventive programme; however, they have a more negative attitude towards preventive programmes in general. A detailed examination of the results suggests that it is due to their previous knowledge of the information and that they would prefer a lecturer introducing the topic in a new, more amusing way. The elementary-school pupils prefer discussion as a form of preventive programmes. In comparison to the high-school students, they have a more positive attitude towards preventive programmes. Even though the examination of efficiency was not the subject of the research, it has been found out that the elementary-school pupils consider preventive programmes being useful for them. Regarding the lecturer of the programme, both groups of respondents prefer a cured user of addictive substances. This thesis can be used as an inspiration for professionals in various areas education or social care and also for organizations providing addiction preventive programmes.

This thesis is written on a theoretically empirical basis. It deals with primary prevention of risk behavior in schools, in particular secondary schools. The theoretical part of the thesis concentrates on the characteristic features of risk behavior and its primary prevention. It also concentrates on the relationship between the teacher and pupils, the specifics of class group, the principles of effective communication and class environment. The practical part of the thesis is based on the results of a questionnaire which provided information about pupils´ and teachers´ views concerning risk behavior, and preventative activities being carried out at selected schools in co-operation with external consultants. The aim of this practical part of the thesis was to investigate pupils´ and teachers´ attitudes to primary prevention.

The purpose of this thesis is the theoretical part to compile insights into the actual concept of primary prevention in the elementary school environment, to analyze the system of strategic planning and management of prevention at national and regional level and analyse tasks elementary school in this area. The practical part will be to monitoring and comparing the objectives and priorities of regional prevention strategies (for example, two regions) and the author then conduct an investigation in an environment of selected primary schools of the regions, their strategy will be subject to an prime analysis. It will focus in this context on the structure of prevention in schools and its continuity to the strategic objectives. Compares also realization of prevention and selects adequate examples of good practice. Based on the research will be formulate recommendations for the realization of primary prevention at the school level.

Aims: The aim of the dissertation was to conduct a survey on eating habits and consumption of selected nutrients in adolescents, depending on the sex and the type of the school attended. Another objective was to check the influence of mass media and an educational program on the formation of eating habits. Based on all the findings, an education plan focused on eating habits was created for the needs of nurses to educate adolescents. Methodology: For the purposes of dissertation research, a combination of quantitative and qualitative research was used. The quantitative part of the research was realized using a combination of two questionnaire tools ? a self?constructed questionnaire measuring adolescents´ eating habits, and the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ). A total of 1130 15?18 year-old students of four?year grammar schools, secondary medical schools, and students of the specialization chef?waiter at vocational schools from the South Bohemian Region were involved in the study. The qualitative research was based on a comparative analysis. A total of 59 probands from the three types of schools above mentioned were selected. Results: The results of our research show that there are no statistically significant differences in compliance with nutrition recommendations regarding gender, but significant differences were found in connection with the type of school attended, where the nutritional recommendations are mostly followed by students of grammar schools, then by students of secondary medical schools and in the smallest degree by students of secondary vocational schools ? the chef ?waiter specialization. Significant differences between sexes were found in consumption of selected food components, when girls compared to boys eat more fresh vegetables and fruits. On the contrary, boys eat more beef, pork and poultry meat, sausages, potatoes, eggs and fried foods compared to girls. There were also significant differences between students of particular types of schools. There was no statistically significant relationship between mass media influences on eating and adolescents' nutritional recommendations. Based on the TFEQ results, it can be concluded that there is a statistically significant difference in the conscious reduction of food intake by gender where girls cut down on food intake more than boys. The results of the qualitative part of the research show that an appropriately chosen educational program has an influence on the formation of eating habits in adolescents. Scientific benefits of the dissertation: The benefit of this research is, above all, the fact that as one of the few studies that have been done, this one brings comprehensive information about nutrition of adolescents aged 15?18 WHO study at grammar schools, secondary medical schools, or study the specialization chef-waiter at vocational schools. The results of our research are in many respects consistent with those obtained by other researchers and refer to the fact that adolescent eating habits cannot be described as ideal. In view of our findings, it would be useful to carry out other research surveys concerned with dietary habits and eating behaviours in a representative research sample of adolescents within the Czech Republic.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2003-11-21Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:32:17Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 cardia_e_me_bauru.pdf: 1709549 bytes, checksum: 1aa81857d060ccff7da6d8f0ecedb981 (MD5) / Apresentam-se as condições em que se desenvolve, em vinte e sete escolas públicas do município de Bauru, no âmbito do ensino de biologia e programas de saúde, a transmissão de conhecimentos relativos à prevenção do uso indevido de substância psicoativas. Estas condições referem-se ao cabedal de conhecimentos de que dispõem os professores, como fruto dos cursos de graduação, os conteúdos de aprendizagem tratados em sala de aula, as questões polêmicas que mais frequentemente surgem durante o ensino do tema e as atitudes adotadas pelos docentes no enfrentamento destas questões, como o objetivo de conhecer as repercussões de todo esse contexto no preparo dos estudantes para atuarem socialmente, dentro de um sentido de cidadania plena. Integra o trabalho um conjunto de conteúdos de aprendizagem, que embora destinado aos professores de biologia, não descura da interdisciplinaridade, visando a um processo de ensino/aprendizagem em sentido amplo e com repercussões positivas na vertente social / This research presents the conditions in which the dissemination of knowledge concerning the prevention of improper use of psychoactive substances is developed in twenty-seven public schools in the city of Bauru, in the field of biology and health programs teaching. Such conditions are related to the fund of knowledge the teachers have, as a result of undergraduate courses, learning contents dealt with in the classroom, polemical issues which arise most frequently during the subject teaching and the attitudes adopted by the teachers to face these issues. Our purpose is to know the repercussions of this context in the formation of the students to act in society, in a sense of full citizenship. It is part of the research a set of learning contents that even though is intended for biology teachers does not neglect interdisciplinarity, aiming at a process of teaching/learning in a broad sense and with positive repercussions in the social bias

This graduation thesis is considering the social patological phenomena problem targeted on the childern and youth. It is elaborated in the point of the view of the I. and II. degree elementary school teachers. In the introduction there are described selected social patological phenomena and contemporary system of primary prevention, especially in the sphere of action of the Ministry of Education, youth and sports of Czech Republic. The practice part of this thesis puts brain to question-form research of solved problem. The participants were I. and II. degree elementary school teachers. The significant part of the thesis pictures the questionnaire and his interpretation.

Drug taking brings a many complications for whole society - not only in health district but also in social and economics. The purpose of this work was charting and regarting theoretic knowledges in dope problematic of pupils in primary schools and primary practical schools and find out which group is more in danger. In solving of drug problematic I am taking accound most important very qualitative drug prevention as in families as in effective preventative programmes, good work of pedagogues and in enough of out of school activities for impletion of free time puppy fat.

The name of my dissertation is ``The efficiency of primary prevention of drug addictions from the view of drug addicts as well as the drug experts in the Region of South Bohemia.{\crqq} The dissertation aims to provide an insight into the issue of perceiving the efficiency of drug addictions{\crq} primary prevention by individual target groups of the research. A method of qualitative research was chosen to reach the objective. Two research questions were specified as follows: 1.How is the efficiency of drug addictions{\crq} primary prevention perceived by individual target groups? 2. Is the primary prevention of drug addictions applied systematically, timely and to a sufficient extent? To obtain the data, a non-standardised questionnaire with rather open questions was used. The research sample contained at the end 40 addicts, possibly abstaining and 31 experts working in the field of drug problems. Using graphic charts as well as commentary description, the findings part shows the elicited situation regarding the issue. Most of the experts consider primary prevention rather effective. If expressed in percentage, 30% efficiency of drug addictions{\crq} primary prevention was the most frequent choice of answers. On the other hand, the addicts evaluated the prevention as rather inefficient; however, in the percentage expression they shared the number with the experts - 30% efficiency was the most frequent choice. What the experts considered the weakest point of the current situation was the lack of funds into the primary prevention and a strong anti-drug lobby as well as the absence or inappropriate evaluation of the efficiency of primary prevention. The addicts saw the weakest points of the primary prevention in the lack of information on the consequences, as the information on effects prevailed over the after-effects. The dissertation confirmed some of the presumptive facts (insufficient/inappropriate evaluation of the efficiency of primary prevention) and indicated the propriety of similar research with a more extended view. Such research should be systematic and long-term with a broad platform of cooperating experts and media.

Orientadores: Antonia Paula Marques de Faria, Luis Alberto Magna / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-06T13:15:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Moraes_AnaMariaSilveiraMachadode_D.pdf: 41612973 bytes, checksum: 8855a4185126a5a57c25db1786b2d7b9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: Foi realizado um estudo de levantamento, para averiguar o perfil do atendimento preventivo para retardo mental (RM) na rede de atenção primária do município de Maringá, Paraná. Aplicou-se um questionário a 90 médicos, compreendendo pediatras, ginecologistas-obstetras, clínicos gerais e médicos do Programa de Saúde da Família, e a 66 enfermeiros que trabalham na rede municipal de saúde, e uma entrevista estruturada a 100 mães residentes no município, escolhidas aleatoriamente, a partir do cadastro de nascidos-vivos do ano de 2003. A coleta de dados entre os profissionais de saúde foi realizada no período de agosto a dezembro de 2003 e a entrevista com as mães, entre junho e outubro do mesmo ano. Os dados dos profissionais de saúde foram analisados pela comparação das respostas entre médicos e enfermeiros e entre as especialidades dos médicos. Para o grupo das mães, os dados foram analisados pela comparação do grupo que fez o pré-natal na rede pública com o atendido na rede privada. As variáveis qualitativas foram comparadas pelo teste do qui-quadrado e as quantitativas pelo teste t de Student. Os resultados demonstraram que 69,7% dos médicos e 78,8% dos enfermeiros desconhecem a prevalência do RM (p= 0,011); 63,3% dos médicos e 65,2% dos enfermeiros não sabem qual é a fração de RM evitável (p= 0,764); 16,5% dos médicos e 45,6% dos enfermeiros não têm segurança para orientar sobre o efeito teratogênico do etanol (p= 0,001); 45,7% e 80,3% dos médicos, 77,2% e 96,4% dos enfermeiros não se sentem seguros para orientar sobre a translucência nucal e sobre o teste triplo, respectivamente (p= 0,001 e p= 0,053). Comparando as respostas dos médicos, os pediatras (71,4%) e os clínicos gerais (54,8%) demonstraram maior insegurança para orientar quanto aos efeitos teratogênicos do misoprostol do que os ginecologistas obstetras (11,8%) e sobre as técnicas de diagnóstico pré-natal. Entre as mães, 65% não planejaram a gravidez; a maioria não foi questionada sobre história familial de retardo mental (70%) ou sobre consangüinidade (84%); a maioria desconhece diagnóstico pré-natal (83%) e aconselhamento genético (92%), e 46% desconhecem a associação entre idade materna e risco aumentado de filho com síndrome de Down. Conclui-se que a busca de situações de risco, no que se refere à exposição a fatores deletérios do ambiente e a antecedentes familiais relevantes, não está sendo feita na prática e que a maior parte das mães desconhece informações básicas sobre fatores de risco comuns para RM. Portanto, é necessário que sejam adotadas medidas de educação em genética para que os profissionais de saúde passem a reconhecer a importância dos fatores de risco e da história familial na identificação e prevenção do RM, incluindo a busca desse tipo de informação à sua prática rotineira; sejam desenvolvidos programas educacionais sobre fatores de risco e meios de prevenção dessa condição, no âmbito da saúde pública, de fácil compreensão e incorporação pela população geral, bem como a disponibilização de material de orientação para o manejo dos pacientes com problemas genéticos, incluindo RM e/ou defeitos congênitos / Abstract: This is a survey to verify the preventive attendance profile for mental retardation (MR) in the primary health service in the town of Maringá, Paraná. A questionnaire was applied to 90 physicians, involving pediatricians, gynecologist obstetricians, general practitioners and family physicians, as well as to 66 nurses and a structural interview was also applied to 100 mothers who live in the city. The health professionals work for the health municipal service and the mothers were selected at random based on the official register of born-alive individuals in 2003. Data collection related to the health professionals was carried out from August to December, 2003, and the interviews with the mothers from June to October of the same year. The data of the health professionals had been analyzed by the comparison of the answers between physicians and nurses and among the physicians' specialties. Dates related to mothers were analyzed through the comparison between the group assisted at the health public system and the ones assisted at the private system. The qualitative variables had been compared by the test of the Chi-square and the quantitative variables by the Student's / test. The findings showed that 69.7% of the physicians and 78.8% of the nurses do not know MR prevalence (p= 0.011); 63.3% of the physicians and 65.2% of the nurses do not know the fraction can be avoided (p- 0.764); 16.5% of the physicians and 45.6% of the nurses are not self-confident in order to inform the patients on ethanol teratogenic effect (p= 0.001); 45.7% and 80.3% of the physicians and 77.2% and 96.4% of the nurses are not self-confident in the sense of giving information on the nuchal translucence and about the triple test, respectively (p- 0.001 and p= 0.053). Comparing the physicians, pediatricians (71.4%) and the general practitioners (54.8%) showed higher unsteady behavior to guide on the teratogenic effects of misoprostol instead of the gynecologists obstetricians (11.8%) and about the prenatal diagnostic techniques. Considering the mothers, 65% had not planned pregnancy. Most of them had not been questioned on either the familial MR (70%) or consanguinity (84%) and are not aware of the prenatal diagnosis (83%) and genetic counseling (92%); 46% do not know the association between the maternal age and the increased risk to have a child with Down syndrome. It was concluded that the search for risk situations, regarding the exposure to environmental deleterious factors and the relevant / Doutorado / Genetica Medica / Doutor em Ciências Médicas