Essa tese tem como objetivo verificar se um programa de formação continuada de curta duração, para professores, melhora o desempenho dos alunos do 3º ano do Ensino Fundamental, em relações numéricas, quanto à composição aditiva, ao raciocínio aditivo e ao raciocínio multiplicativo, e se esse desempenho é significativo a ponto de se manter por seis meses. A fundamentação teórica revisou o processo de desenvolvimento das habilidades e dos conceitos matemáticos iniciais, e a discussão a respeito dos saberes docentes. O método compreendeu um estudo teórico e correlacional de caráter quali-quantitativo. Foi realizada, também, análise documental da Avaliação em Larga Escala e da legislação relacionada. A parte de campo envolveu dois grupos experimentais A e B, e um grupo controle, constituídos por alunos do 3º ano do Ensino Fundamental, e um programa de formação continuada para os professores regentes dos grupos experimentais. A amostra correspondeu a 248 alunos e 16 professores. No grupo experimental A, foram 93 alunos e seis professores, que participaram da formação por convocação obrigatória. Já no grupo experimental B, o estudo envolveu 121 alunos, com oito professores que buscavam aperfeiçoamento profissional. No grupo controle, foram envolvidos 34 alunos, sendo que os dois professores não participaram da formação. Partimos da coleta de informações sobre o nível conceitual dos alunos e, em função de tal nível, foi planejado o programa de formação continuada. Um bloco com dez questões foi aplicado aos alunos, em três momentos distintos: como pré-teste, antes da formação; como pós-teste 1, logo após o término da formação; e como pós-teste 2, seis meses depois. Para os professores dos grupos experimentais, foram aplicados dois questionários e uma ficha de autoavaliação. No programa de formação continuada, foram realizadas duas palestras e oito oficinas. Os resultados da ANOVA indicam diferença significativa do desempenho dos alunos. O grupo experimental B registrou maior impacto no desempenho dos alunos e maior percentual de utilização das estratégias econômicas, com uso de cálculos numéricos, na resolução das situações-problema. Os alunos do grupo controle utilizaram estratégias iniciais/simples em todos os blocos aplicados. A aprendizagem manteve-se, por seis meses, em ambos os grupos. Nas considerações finais, analisamos a formação continuada como uma oportunidade para os professores construírem saberes sobre os conceitos matemáticos iniciais, mas a eficácia depende diretamente da concepção dos professores sobre a formação continuada, do seu comprometimento com a aprendizagem e do trabalho a partir do nível conceitual dos alunos. / The primary aim of this thesis is to analyse whether a short-term continued education programme designed to qualify teachers helps to improve third graders’ performance regarding number relations: additive composition and reasoning, and multiplicative reasoning and if any such improvement is maintained after six months. The theoretical review includes the development of the early mathematical skills and concepts, the strategies used to solve problems, the concept of early evidence-based teaching, the project “Ensinar é Construir” (Teaching is Building – NUNES et al., 2009), the Brazilian legislation concerning the guidelines for continued education and teacher qualification. Based on the concept of evidence-based teaching, information regarding the conceptual level of learners was gathered and, from this starting point, the continued education programme was planned. The method contemplated a correlational study of a quantitative scope for both the experimental groups (A and B) and the control group, which were comprised of third graders, and a continued education programme for the teachers of the experimental groups. Pre- and post-tests were applied to the students. The participating teachers were interviewed and completed a selfassessment form. The test applied to the students comprised ten questions, one per page, as follows: two additive composition questions; six additive reasoning problems, two simple problems regarding the relationship between the parts and the whole, two inverted problems regarding the relationship part-whole, and two problems of comparison; and two multiplicative reasoning questions. The results in the pre-test, applied in the first quarter of 2011, were used as a guideline for the organization of the continued education programme. The same test was reapplied as a post-test 1 after the continued education programme, and as post-test 2 six months later. The 14 teachers who participated in the continued education programme were divided into two groups A and B. Group A was made up of teachers obliged to participate and group B by teachers seeking professional development. The sample consisted of 248 students allocated into three groups according to the status of the teacher, obliged or voluntary participation: 93 students in experimental group A and 121 in experimental group B. The control group consisted of 34 students whose teachers did not participate in the continued education programme. Most of the students improved the process of learning the early Mathematical concepts. During the meetings of the continued education programme, theoretical and practical activities were undertaken. ANOVA showed there was a significant improvement in the results achieved by the students in experimental group B who also showed the highest percentage of economic strategy use in the post-test. The control group used uneconomic strategies, such as counting, to solve both pre- and post-test problems. Learning remained the same in both the control and experimental groups for six months. The study concludes that the continued education programme had a statistically significant influence on the performance and in the progress of the strategies used in problemsolving situations with additive composition, additive and multiplicative reasoning in the experimental group B, whose teachers participated of the continued education programme in search of professional development.

This diploma thesis is divided into theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part contains the characteristics of school age, basic physiology of hearing and voice, describes the development of musical abilities and their classification. It also defines the basic concepts of music psychology, describes some of the basic methodology of music education and addresses issues of motivation at school. The practical part consists of a project for school clubs on "Round the world journey". The project focuses on developing musical skills and abilities through play, building positive relationships within the group and learning about the culture of other nations.

This thesis presents students relationship to the nature education at primary school or at lower secondary school level and shows the primary school role in life of students. Further there are investigated reasons for the popularity of natural history, respondent's relationship to teachers and to different types of teaching activities. A part of this thesis was to create a questionnaire which was assigned to high school students in the city of České Budějovice. The questionnaire result assessment was performed in combination of graphical and table forms with the additional text comment providing a clearer reading comprehension.

The aim of this thesis was to find out basic information about the aggressive behavior of children of primary school. The theoretical section defines the basic concepts - aggression and aggressiveness, as well as the work deals with the causes of aggressive behavior in children, as reflected in aggressive behavior and seeks solutions to remedy and prevent aggression of children of primary school. The practical part examines whether children know what is aggressive behavior that had already met with this behavior if he knew what to do if someone is hurt, whether students trust their teachers and to whom is entrusted. The work examines who behaves aggressively in school, how teachers punish aggressors, and that learning about the issue of his pupils. Everything is examined using a questionnaire for pupils and teachers. Tested are specified hypothetical statements. At the end of the work is the final summary of the data examined.

The thesis aims on the methods of presentation of products of nature in environmental education in the first years of primary school. It mentions the way of teaching and presentation of products of nature in the science subjects and aims on the analysis of the textbooks in focused schools. The results of the thesis contribute to the making of concept of how the presence of products of nature contributes to the knowledge and its retention in the memory of pupils in the first years of basic school.

Thesis deals with the study of children's magazines with a focus on students first primary school. The work is focused on the use of language, graphic design, the aim and content of magazines for this age group. Furthermore, there also addresses the issue of online magazines compared to arbitrarily marketable magazines. The theoretical part focuses on the individual child reading a history of the magazine. The thesis is conducted to map the problems of children's magazines with a focus on practical use during lessons and also analyzes the current situation and future possibilities of this leisure reading.

My thesis coucerns in a level of a climate among the schoolmates in the 5. class in the small school and subsequently in the 6. class in the fully organized primary school. The climate was compared by the same scholars during two classes. The sample coucerns in 3 classes in the small schools in the villages in the surroundings of Jindřichův Hradec and 3 classes in the fully organized schools in the Down. In the practical part was used a questionnaire MCI, specifically, his current form. Aime of a thesis was to find out which chmate there is in the small schools, if the participants further work with this situation and, finály, whether the chmate ganges with a transfer the pupils into a fully organized primary school.

The aim of the thesis is a view of the way of teaching racial and national issues in Geography lessons at primary schools. The first part of the work is focused on the way how this topic is presented and taught at primary schools in different regions of the Czech Republic. The other part is based on a didactical analysis of particular books and worksheets for Geography available on the market. The thesis contains as well an originally designed teaching material explaining the topic of racial and national issues.

No description available.

The thesis titled A Survey of Pupils' Reading Abilities in the Second Years of Primary School focuses on reading the incidence of the most common deficiencies in initial reading. The thesis is divided into a theoretical part and a research part. The theoretical part deals with reading in terms of the education system, acqua-ints us with the physiological and psychological processes in reading, mentions the his-torical and current methods of teaching reading, types and quality of reading, stage of development of reading skills, reading deficiencies, wrong reading habits and describes working with lagging readers. The research part is devoted to the research, its implementation and evaluation. The main goal is to find out what makes beginning readers the most problems and what the overall level of reading skills, of students of 2nd year, is. The research part mainly interprets the recording of reading performance.