Thesis (M.S.)--Boston University

Orientador: Gisele Zoccal Mingoti / Resumo: O objetivo foi avaliar o efeito da pré-sincronização da ovulação por meio da suplementação com MGA incorporado a blocos nutricionais para novilhas e primíparas Nelore mantidas em condição de manejo extensivo no Pantanal sobre as taxas de prenhez em monta natural (MN) e inseminação artificial (IA). No experimento 1, 413 novilhas sem ciclicidade prévia foram agrupadas em 4 tratamentos: CONTROLE (n=103) suplementação com blocos nutricionais durante 12 dias; BLOCO-MGA (n=102) suplementação com blocos nutricionais adicionados de MGA durante 12 dias; PROTEICO-MGA (n=98) suplementação farelada adicionado de MGA durante 12 dias; grupo BLOCO-BE-P4 (n=110), utilização de dispositivo intravaginal de P4 por 9 dias e aplicação de BE, no D9. Na sequência foram acasaladas com touros. No experimento 2, 301 novilhas com foram divididas em 3 grupos: CONTROLE (n=98) suplementação com blocos nutricionais durante 12 dias; MGA (n=102) suplementação com blocos nutricionais adicionados de MGA por 12 dias; MGA-ECP (n=103) suplementação com blocos nutricionais adicionados de MGA por 12 dias + aplicação i.m. de 0,5 mg ECP (D14). Na sequência, foi realizada a observação de cio, duas vezes ao dia durante 10 dias, sendo inseminadas e após, acasaladas com touros de repasse. No experimento 3, 342 primíparas lactantes, entre 50 e 60 dias pós-parto, foram distribuídas em 4 grupos. Para o CONTROLE (n=91) foi fornecido suplementação em blocos nutricionais durante 13 dias. Os outros três (MGA-BE-eCG; MGA-BE-RB; ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of pre-synchronization of ovulation by supplementation with MGA incorporated into nutritional blocks for heifers and Nellore primiparous maintained in an extensive management condition in the Pantanal on pregnancy rates in natural mount and artificial insemination. In the experiment 1, 413 heifers without previous cyclicity were grouped into 4 treatments: CONTROL (n=103) block supplementation for 12 days; MGA BLOCK (n = 102) received supplementation in nutritional blocks of MGA for 12 days; MGA PROTEIN (n=98) received nutritional supplementation of MGA for 12 days; group BLOCO BE P4 (n=110), in D0 the intravaginal device of 3rd use of P4 was inserted and 2 mg i.m. of BE was applied , at D9 the intravaginal device was removed. In the sequence they were mated with bulls. In the experiment 2, 301 heifers were divided into 3 groups: CONTROL (n = 98) nutritional blocks for 12 days; MGA (n = 102) received nutritional blocks containing MGA for 12 days; MGA ECP (n = 103) received nutritional blocks with MGA for 12 days + application i.m. of 0.5 mg ECP (D14). In the sequence, oestrus observation was performed twice a day for 10 days, being inseminated according to the Trimberger method and then mating with bulls. In experiment 3, 342 lactating primiparous, 50-60 days postpartum, were divided into 4 groups. For CONTROL (n=91) supplementation was provided in nutritional blocks for 13 days. The other three (MGA BE eCG, MGA BE ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Bakgrund: Hälsofördelarna med amning är välkända, och sedan 1992 försöker svenska sjukhus arbeta efter internationella amningsrekommendationer. Trots detta framkommer brister i vården och amningsstatistiken i Sverige sjunker. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka amningsdurationen hos förstföderskor, om den kunde associeras med vården de fått i samband med barnets födelse och första levnadsdygn, samt med mammornas skattning av amningsstöd vid amningsstart. Metod: Designen var en longitudinell kvantitativ tvärsnittsstudie och urvalet var icke slumpmässigt konsekutivt. I samband med utskrivning från BB, tillfrågades 63 mammor om att delta i en enkätstudie med frågor gällande vården de fått i relation till amning och 52 mammor besvarade enkäten. Efter nio till tolv månader blev de uppringda för en kortare uppföljning och 50 mammor valde att delta. Resultat: Medianen för durationen av exklusiv amning var tre månader och tre veckor och medianen för durationen av partiell amning var åtta månader. Amningsstödet på BB skattades högre vid det första mättillfället, men det påvisades inte ha något samband med amningsdurationen. Faktorer i vården såsom; hudnära vård, amning inom två timmar eller handgriplig amningshjälp, bidrog inte till någon skillnad i amningsduration. Däremot påverkades amningsdurationen negativt hos de barn som fått tillmatning på BB, med en kortare exklusiv amningsduration som följd, och de som fötts med kejsarsnitt, med kortare amningsduration såväl exklusivt som partiellt. Slutsats: Medianen för durationen av exklusiv amning var tre månader och tre veckor och medianen för durationen av partiell amning var åtta månader.  Faktorer i vården som inverkade negativt på amningsdurationen var tillmatning på BB samt att barnet fötts med kejsarsnitt. Däremot fanns ingen association mellan amningsduration och amningsstöd, hudnära vård, amning inom två timmar eller handgriplig hjälp. / Background: The health benefits of breastfeeding are well known and since 1992, Swedish hospitals aim to provide care according to international guidelines of breastfeeding support. Despite this, there are inadequacies in the care provided, and the frequency of breastfeeding in Sweden is statistically decreasing. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the duration of breastfeeding among primiparas, if the duration was associated with the provided care and with how the mothers valued the help and support they received at the initiation of breastfeeding. Method: A quantitative longitudinal with consecutive sample was conducted. At discharge from hospital, 63 mothers were asked if they wanted to participate in a survey about breastfeeding and the related care, and 52 mothers filled in the questionnaire. After nine to twelve months the participants were contacted by phone for a short follow-up, and 50 mothers chose to participate. Results: The median duration of exclusive breastfeeding was three months and three weeks and the median duration of partial breastfeeding was eight months. The evaluation of the breastfeeding support was higher at the first data collection but did not appear to correlate with the duration of breastfeeding. Of the investigated factors; skin-to-skin contact immediately after birth, breastfeeding within two hours after birth and hands-on support, none of them led to differences in breastfeeding duration. Breastfeeding duration was adversely affected if the infant was given formula at the maternity ward and if the infant was born by Caesarean section. Feeding by infant formula led to a shorter duration of exclusive breastfeeding and birth by Caesarean section led to a shorter duration of both exclusive and partial breastfeeding. Conclusion: The median duration of exclusive breastfeeding was three months and three weeks and the median duration of partial breastfeeding was eight months. The infant being given formula at the maternity ward, and being born by Caesarean section were factors that adversely affected the duration of breastfeeding. However, there was no association between breastfeeding duration and; perceived breastfeeding support, skin-to-skin-care, breastfeeding within two hours or hands-on support.

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Title: SOCIAL-PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF CHILDBIRTH EXPERIENCE AND THEIR IMPACT ON EARLY PARENTAL SELF-EFFICACY OF FIRST-TIME MOTHERS Author: Eliška Kodyšová Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Charles University in Prague Supervisor: PhDr. Simona Horáková Hoskovcová, PhD., Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Charles University in Prague Abstract: Transition to parenthood is a significant transition period in a woman's psychological ontogenesis. An important predictor of parenting abilities and well-being is parental self-efficacy. Recent studies show that mothers' parental self-efficacy can be influenced by childbirth satisfaction, which, in turn, is predicted by social-psychological aspects of childbirth experience, especially support by caregivers. In a longitudinal 2-phase research, we have followed parental self-efficacy determinants working around 1st childbirth as well as childbirth experience determinants. Using multiple linear regression analysis we determined that although parental self-efficacy is mainly prenatally determined, caregivers' support and baby's soothability can impact it positively. We have also confirmed the decisive influence of caregivers' support on childbirth satisfaction in our sample, which is representative for Czech primiparas. ...