Thesis (M. Phil.)--University of Hong Kong, 1988.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2001. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 288-301). Available also in a digital version from Dissertation Abstracts.

The Swedish commercial real estate market is in the current situation globally affected and is actively interacting with the rental and capital markets through international tenants and investors who are setting new demands on the property owners. The European Union has set new requirements as well in purpose of reducing humanity’s negative effect on the climate and therefore the international real estate market has introduced Green Building-certificates in order to decrease the real estate industry’s environmental impact. Certificated buildings with low energy consumption are a more common sight in Sweden these days. The development, however, could go even faster if there was not certain difficulties between property owners and tenants. Previous research has revealed that tenants do not always have knowledge about, or may have access to the economic benefits that a green building can provide. This results in the tenants lesser approval of higher rents which often is the outcome of the property owners environmental investments in the building. The following effect means that energy improvements in the real estate sector is slowed and the environment suffers. To get a deeper understanding of this phenomenon we have with this study chosen to examine how Swedish property owners and tenants reason about advantages and disadvantages with certified commercial buildings as well as around economic responsibility for investments in these. In order to create favorable conditions to provide clarity in our problem we choose a qualitative method with open individual interviews so that we in depth could examine how our respondents were thinking about the subject. The study is based on theory of how the Swedish commercial rental model looks like today followed by the difficulties it might cause, the principal/agent-problem. Furthermore, theory of how green buildings affect property owners and tenants on different levels is presented. By analyzing the theory with the empirical data obtained through interviews, we have come to the following conclusion: Transparency of incentives reduces the principal/agent-problem. By having a clear dialogue between property owners and tenants regarding the incentives to own and rent a green building the suspicion that is closely associated with the principal/agent-problem is reduced which results in more favorable development with environmental investments in the building. Individually custom made green leases is a first step toward sharing financial responsibilities. When the incentives are clear, a distribution of environmental investment costs can be made between the two parties so that each one gets involved which is the purpose of Green Leases. Now that the tenant have a deeper understanding and knowledge about the benefits of green buildings, certification becomes easier. Funding may influence investment decisions. New possibilities have become available to property owners who want to certificate their property portfolio. Green bonds, which first was issued in Sweden in 2013 by Vasakronan, has increased intensely lately and opens up new ways for corporations in the real estate business to finance environmental investings. / Den svenska kommersiella fastighetsmarknaden påverkas och samspelar idag globalt med hyresmarknaden och kapitalmarknaden genom internationella hyresgäster och investerare som sätter nya krav på fastighetsägarna. Även EU har satt nya krav för att minska den globala klimatpåverkan och därför har den internationella fastighetsmarknaden skapat miljöcertifieringar för att sänka energiförbrukningen och minska byggnadernas miljöpåverkan. Miljöcertifierade byggnader med låg energiförbrukning är en allt vanligare syn i Sverige idag. Utvecklingen skulle emellertid kunna gå ännu snabbare om det inte fanns vissa svårigheter mellan fastighetsägare och hyresgäster. Genom tidigare forskning har det framkommit att hyresgäster inte alltid har kännedom om eller får ta del av de ekonomiska fördelar en miljöcertifierad byggnad kan ge. Det resulterar i att de är mindre benägna att betala högre hyreskostnader vilket ofta är ett resultat av fastighetsägarens miljöinvesteringar i byggnaden. Följden av detta är att energiförbättringarna i fastighetssektorn bromsas och miljön blir lidande. För att få en djupare inblick i detta fenomen har vi med denna studie valt att undersöka hur svenska fastighetsägare respektive hyresgäster resonerar kring för- och nackdelar med miljöcertifierade kommersiella byggnader samt kring ekonomisk ansvarsfördelning för investeringar i dessa. För att skapa goda förutsättningar till att ge klarhet i vår problemställning har vi utgått från en kvalitativ metod med öppna individuella intervjuer så att vi på djupet kunnat undersöka hur våra respondenter tänker kring ämnet. Studien grundas på teori om hur den svenska kommersiella hyresmodellen ser ut idag följt av det så kallade agent-/principalproblemet som den kan ge upphov till. Vidare presenteras teori om hur miljöcertifierade byggnader påverkar fastighetsägare och hyresgäster på olika plan. Genom att analysera teorin med den empiri som erhållits genom intervjuerna har vi kommit fram till följande slutsats. Transparens om incitament minskar agent-/principalproblemet. Genom att en tydlig dialog förs parterna emellan gällande de incitament som finns till att äga och hyra en miljöcertifierad byggnad minskar den misstänksamhet som kännetecknas av agent-/principalproblematiken och energieffektviseringar och miljöarbete underlättas. Individuellt anpassade gröna hyresavtal är ett av grundstegen till ekonomisk ansvarsfördelning. När incitamenten är tydliga gäller det att finna en fördelning av miljöinvesteringskostnaderna som gör att båda parter är delaktiga, Gröna hyresavtal är en väg att gå. Genom att hyresgästen nu har djupare kunskap om fördelarna med miljöcertifierade byggnader förenklas införandet av dessa Gröna hyresavtal. Finansiering kan påverka beslut om investering. En ny dörr har öppnats för fastighetsägare som vill miljöcertifiera sitt fastighetsbestånd. Gröna obligationer som emitterades första gången i Sverige 2013 av Vasakronan har ökat rekordartat den senaste tiden och tillför nya finansieringsmöjligheter för företag som vill miljöinvestera.

Principal professional development is vital to the field of education because the principal is expected to be the instructional leader of a school. Even though principals do not provide instruction directly to students, their instructional leadership practices can greatly affect teacher practice and student learning. This descriptive case study examined the variety of professional development models created in Texas ISD (a pseudonym) to determine if one model is more effective than another in enhancing job performance. This study highlighted the principals' perceptions of a variety of components within professional development such as the delivery, design, how the learning needs are met, and how they helped enhance principal job performance. This qualitative case study design was seated within the constructs of Donald L. Kirkpatrick's (2006) Four-Levels of Learning and Evaluation Model that was utilized as the analytical tool to frame the initial and heuristic questions for the principal questionnaire and interviews. This Model guided the data collection, categorization, and emergent themes. Specifically, this study investigated the following: (a) aspects of principal professional development that enhance job performance as an instructional leader, (b) types of delivery and the impact it has on instructional leadership, and (c) comparisons of delivery models to identify the most effective. Ultimately, the findings of this study seek to provide supporting information to researchers and district leaders as they plan, design, and implement future effective principal professional development. The study focused on a group of nine successful principals in a Texas urban school system identified as Texas ISD. Examining the delivery models added to the body of literature regarding how to create effective principal professional development that helps principals enhance jobs performance and offer districts an alternative to the costly price of professional development. In Texas ISD, principal professional development was used as the vehicle for scale and sustainability of districtwide educational reform. In addition, the professional development assisted with K-12th grade vertical articulation of the school system's curriculum and educational plan. To analyze the impact of professional development on instructional leadership practices, questionnaires were given and interviews conducted in which individual perceptions of successful principals in Texas ISD were conducted. / text

High school principals are organizational leaders that are critical to the pursuit of providing students a quality opportunity to learn. Impeding the attraction and retention of quality leadership is the thoughtful analysis of influences affecting the job satisfaction of the high school principal.This study used a mixed-method approach to data gathering. The quantitative method selected was survey research. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics by frequency distributions, percentages, means, and standard deviations. In addition, the five hypotheses were tested using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). When the omnibus Fs indicated significance, Tukey's post-hoc tests were performed to determine which level/groups of the independent variables were significantly different.The second method used to gather data was qualitative techniques in research. A semi-structured interview of five Arizona high school principals was constructed based on the analysis of data derived from the quantitative survey.Results of the analysis suggested that being a high school principal in the State of Arizona can be an intrinsically, extrinsically, and generally satisfying job. In addition, results of this study suggest a significant relationship between high school principals' job satisfaction and the quality of their professional development. This project also revealed there was no significant relationship between job satisfaction and financial compensation.Future research should look to determine if quality professional development is defined as the current needs facing the high school principal, the lack of preparation individuals received prior to becoming a high school principal, or if quality professional development is significant because it provides high school principals the opportunity to develop relationships with colleagues outside of their individual school.

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This study examined the extent to which the espoused values and ethics of rural Manitoba school principals were reflected in their practice. The present study was framed around the possibility of seeing the rural Manitoba school principalship, ultimately, as a moral practice. To do this, attention was given primarily to Western philosophical approaches to human understanding and their relationship to the development of values and based on contemporary understandings of the Western philosophical traditions that have dominated the conversation around ethical administrative practice. The social context of this research concentrated on leadership experiences of four school principals in rural Manitoba. A form of naturalistic inquiry model was used to gather a sense of the stories of these principals through the lens of their personal value structures and the impact their values structures have on their professional decision-making processes. The analysis of the data showed no evidence of the principals separating their personal values from their professional values. Also, the local community context figured strongly in the working lives of the principals, and was a main factor in their decision-making priorities. Values of democracy, faith, respect, and common vision were cited as having a stronger impact than things such as policy, law and even consensus in their leadership approaches. There is much more to be said about the experiences of the rural Manitoba school principals than merely the role of the local community context in their working lives. A comparison to the experiences of urban Manitoba school principals might disclose a greater attention other variables such as justice and critique in the rural principalship than is readily apparent. A deeper and more comprehensive examination of rural stories would potentially bring to light the compelling nature of their character.

This study examined the extent to which the espoused values and ethics of rural Manitoba school principals were reflected in their practice. The present study was framed around the possibility of seeing the rural Manitoba school principalship, ultimately, as a moral practice. To do this, attention was given primarily to Western philosophical approaches to human understanding and their relationship to the development of values and based on contemporary understandings of the Western philosophical traditions that have dominated the conversation around ethical administrative practice. The social context of this research concentrated on leadership experiences of four school principals in rural Manitoba. A form of naturalistic inquiry model was used to gather a sense of the stories of these principals through the lens of their personal value structures and the impact their values structures have on their professional decision-making processes. The analysis of the data showed no evidence of the principals separating their personal values from their professional values. Also, the local community context figured strongly in the working lives of the principals, and was a main factor in their decision-making priorities. Values of democracy, faith, respect, and common vision were cited as having a stronger impact than things such as policy, law and even consensus in their leadership approaches. There is much more to be said about the experiences of the rural Manitoba school principals than merely the role of the local community context in their working lives. A comparison to the experiences of urban Manitoba school principals might disclose a greater attention other variables such as justice and critique in the rural principalship than is readily apparent. A deeper and more comprehensive examination of rural stories would potentially bring to light the compelling nature of their character.

Thesis (M.S.)--Rochester Institute of Technology, 1984. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaf 30).