Las aguas freáticas en la cuenca El Divisorio tienen arsénico (As) elevado, excediendo los valores guía (OMS 2018, USEPA ≤ 10 μg L-1 2014 y CAA ≤ 50 μg L-1 1994). Su ingesta prolongada puede afectar la salud de la población. El objetivo fue evaluar la geodisponibilidad de As en suelos-sedimentos, identificar la fuente de provisión, analizar las propiedades hidrogeoquímicas que controlan su acumulación en el agua y, finalmente, evaluar el riesgo de exposición al contaminante. Se describieron y muestrearon suelos en dos toposecuencias: cuenca alta (S1: interfluvio, S2: ladera, S3: terraza aluvial) y cuenca media-baja (P1: interfluvio, P2: ladera, P3: terraza aluvial, P4: llanura de inundación), determinándose CO, pH, CE, CIC, cationes intercambiables y óxidos de hierro (Feox), contenidos totales de As, Ba, Br, Co, Cr, Fe, Na y sus contenidos en las fracciones arena y arcilla. Se efectuaron análisis mineralógicos, de correlación y de componentes principales. Los suelos-sedimentos de la zona no saturada están constituidos por secuencias de loess y loess retransportados. En cada toposecuencia, el As geodisponible no indica contaminación registrándose mayores contenidos de As total en suelos de la cuenca media-baja (máx: 20,70 mg kg-1) respecto de la cuenca alta (máx: 12,20 mg kg-1). En interfluvios y laderas, la fracción arena arrojó valores medios de As comparables (S1: 4,97 mg kg-1, S2: 4,42 mg kg-1; P1: 3,00 mg kg-1, P2: 3,66 mg kg-1) siendo más elevados en geoformas aluviales de la cuenca media-baja (P3: 5,26 mg kg-1, P4: 5,00 mg kg-1). La contribución de la fracción arcilla fue: S1:10,52 mg kg-1; S2: 9,65 mg kg-1; S3: 10,40 mg kg-1; P1: 8,75 mg kg-1; P2: 9,65 mg kg-1; P3:13,4 mg kg-1; P4: 19,6 mg kg-1. Los valores de As total hallados constituyen la línea de base del fondo geoquímico para esta zona y reflejan la herencia del material parental en todos los suelos, particularmente en S3, P3, P4. La pedogénesis modificó la distribución vertical de As a raíz de moderada meteorización en S1, S2, S3, P1 y de condiciones de drenaje limitado en P3 y P4. Además de vidrio volcánico, fuente de aporte de As al agua, la fracción arena contiene anfíboles, piroxenos, feldespatos, plagioclasas, fragmentos de roca y minerales accesorios. Illita, interestratificados illita-esmectita, clorita-esmectita y esmectita integran la fracción <2 μm, con vidrio volcánico y óxidos de hierro frecuentes, los que mediante adsorción-desorción participan en el ciclo del As aportando, en condiciones alcalinas, un 60 % más de As que la fracción arena. En la descarga, el Fetotal (3,17-4,99 mg kg-1) y el Feox (63,00-652,75 mg kg-1) superaron a los hallados en la recarga (Fetotal: 2,00-3,99 mg kg-1; Feox: 36,75-414,75 mg kg-1). Factores de control local inciden en el exceso de As en la fase acuosa, más elevado hacia la descarga (114 mg L-1) concordante con As relativamente más alto en fase sólida (20,70 mg kg-1). Si bien el loess de la zona saturada (Formación Pampeano) tiene mayor importancia como fuente de provisión de As, su geodisponibilidad en los suelos loéssicos (Post-pampeano) muestran que la zona no saturada es relevante como fuente de aporte potencial de As al agua. En el área estudiada, el consumo de las aguas subterráneas con As elevado expone a alto riesgo carcinogénico (cuenca alta: 1,1 10-3; cuenca media-baja: 2,7 10-3) a la población careciente de otra fuente de agua / The phreatic aquifer in El Divisorio basin has elevated arsenic (As) that exceeds the guide values (OMS 2018, USEPA ≤10 μg L-1 2014 y CAA ≤50 μg L-1 1994). Long term consumption may affect population health. The objective was to evaluate As geoavailability in soils-sediments, to identify the As provision source and the hydrogeochemistry controlling its accumulation in water to, finally, assess the risk of exposure to this contaminant. Soils were described in two toposequences: upper basin (S1: interfluve, S2: slope, S3: terrace) and lower basin (P1: interfluve, P2: slope, P3, terrace, P4: alluvial plain), determining OC, pH, EC, CEC, exchangeable cations and iron oxides (Feox), total contents of As, Ba, Br, Co, Cr, Fe, Na y Fe and their contents in the sand and clay fractions. In both, mineralogical analyses, correlation and principal components analyses were performed. The soils-sediments of the unsaturated zone are constituted by loess and retransported loess sequences. In every toposequence, geoavailable As do not indicate contamination yielding higher contents of total arsenic in soils of the lower basin (max: 20,70 mg kg-1) than in the upper basin (max:12,20 mg kg-1). In the interfluves and valley slopes, the sand fraction had comparable mean As contents (S1: 4,97 mg kg-1, S2: 4,42 mg kg-1; P1: 3,00 mg kg-1, P2: 3,66 mg kg-1) being higher in alluvial landforms of the lower basin (P3: 5,26 mg kg-1, P4: 5,00 mg kg-1). Contribution of the clay fraction was: S1:10,52 mg kg-1; S2: 9,65 mg kg-1; S3: 10,40 mg kg-1; P1: 8,75 mg kg-1; P2: 9,65 mg kg-1; P3:13,4 mg kg-1; P4: 19,6 mg kg-1. In this zone, the values obtained for total As constitute the base line of the geochemical background and reflect the inheritance of parent materials for all the studied soils, particularly in S3, P3 and P4. Pedogenesis modified As distribution in depth through moderate weathering (S1, S2, S3, P1) and restricted drainage (P3 and P4). In addition to volcanic glass, source of As to groundwaters, the sand fraction is constituted by amphiboles, pyroxenes, feldspars, plagioclases, rock fragments and accessory minerals. Illite, interstratified illite-smectite, clorhite- smectite, smectite and frequent volcanic glass and iron oxides are found in the <2 μm fraction contributing, under alkaline conditions, with more than 60% of As than the sand fraction. In the aquifer’s discharge, Fetotal (3,17- 4,99 mg kg-1) and Feox (63,00-652,75 mg kg-1) were higher than in the recharge (Fetotal: 2,00-3,99 mg kg-1; Feox: 36,75-414,75 mg kg-1). Local factors ruled the existence of zones with excessive arsenic in groundwaters with the highest concentrations towards the discharge (114 mg L 1) consistent with relatively higher As in the solid phase (20,70 mg kg-1). Loess of the saturated zone (Pampeano Formation) is of great importance as supply source of As, however, its geoavailability in loess soils (Post-pampeano) show that the unsaturated zone is relevant as potential source of As to water. In the studied area, groundwater utilization for human consumption exposes the population devoid of other sources of potable water to a high carcinogenic risk (upper basin: 1,1 10-3; middle-lower basin: 2,7 10-3)

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate consumer’s attitude towards licensed products in relation to the parent brand, with respect to perceived quality, likelihood to buy and associations’ transferability. Background: Brand licensing has become one of an increasingly popular ways of stretching a brand into new product categories to reach more consumers in new markets. Despite the fact that brand licensing is less risky than building a brand from scratch, the odds that licensed products will fail are still high. That is why, it is interesting to investigate consumers’ attitudes towards brand licensing in fast moving consumer goods sector and see how perceived quality, likelihood to buy and transferability of parent brand associations will impact the licensing strategy. Method: The authors will use quantitative approach; data will be gathered using self-administered questionnaires. Furthermore, the data will be analysed using SPSS, namely by employing Spearman’s correlation. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that perceived quality, likelihood to buy and associations of the parent brand have a positive impact on the licensed products only if there is a high degree of perceived fit between the two product categories. Consumers welcome new licensed product that is in the related product category, however, the consumers appear to be sceptical to the product that is outside of the core market of the parent brand.