No description available.

No

Inaug.-disser. - Halle.

No description available.

Fondée au début du XIIe siècle au coeur d’un mouvement de renouveau monastique, l’abbaye bénédictine de Saint-Sulpice s’est rapidement développée grâce à l’impulsion de son fondateur, l’ermite Raoul de la Futaie, et du soutien du pouvoir ducal, la plaçant ainsi à la tête d’un réseau d’une quarantaine de dépendances au terme du XIIIe siècle. Les principes rigoristes de l’érémitisme se retrouvent dans l’architecture de l’église abbatiale dont les espaces cloisonnés et la décoration sobre et dépouillée favorisent une vie conventuelle basée sur la contemplation. Conçue comme un ordre double lors de sa fondation, l’insubordination des frères profès conduit à leur disparition au cours du XVIe siècle, faisant de Saint-Sulpice une abbaye exclusivement féminine. Guidées par leur vocation, les moniales s’engagent dans une vie de contraintes dont la stricte clôture, décrétée lors du concile de Trente, en marque le point d’orgue. La règle de saint Benoit et les Constitutions du monastère imposent un cadre restrictif à la religieuse qui ne peut trouver le bonheur que dans la soumission et l’oubli de soi. A la tête de sa communauté, l’abbesse exerce ses pouvoirs avec discretio et guide ses filles sur le chemin de la perfection. Les prieurés, éloignés de l’autorité de la maison-mère, acquièrent progressivement une indépendance qui est accentuée par l’instauration d’un noviciat dès la seconde moitié du XVIIe siècle. L’essor des prieurés conventuels face au déclin des dépendances rurales mène à une dichotomie du réseau à la fin du XVIIIe siècle. / Founded in the early years of 12th Century in the heart of a movement of monastic renewal, the Benedictine abbey of Saint-Sulpice quickly grew thanks to its founder, hermit Raoul de la Futaie, and to the support of the Dukes of Brittany, thus getting at the head of about forty priories by the 13th Century. The rigorist principles of hermits can be recognized in the abbey church’s architecture, whose partitioned spaces and bare, sober decoration favour a conventual life based on meditation. Originally meant as a double monastery, the insubordination of the male friars lead to their disappearance in the course of the 16th Century, leaving Saint-Sulpice as a fully women’s abbey. Led by their vocation, the nuns enter into a restricting life whose landmark is their strict enclosure. The Rule of Saint Benedict and the monastery’s Constitutions bind the nuns’ environment so that they can only find comfort in their own submissiveness and self-abnegation. At the helm of her community, the abbess rules with discretio and guides the girls towards perfection. The priories, remote from the mother house, progressively gain some independence, increased still by the reception of their own novices from the 17th Century on. The rise of conventual priories against the decline of rural houses leads to a dichotomy of this network by the end of the 18th Century.

The thesis focuses on the history of several Czech benedictine monasteries in the period marked by two major milestones in Czech history, them being the outbreak of the Hussite Revolution and the Battle of White Mountain. It aims to juxtapose monasteries abandoned in the post-Hussite era with the ones that had undergone restoration and remained active during the above mentioned period. Apart from trying to put together an overall outline of the convents' history, the thesis also addresses select problems the abbots of the restored monasteries had to face in the course of the aforementioned two centuries. KEY WORDS Benedictine monks, monastery, priory, Hussitism, secularization, protestantism

Yes / The opportunity to assess human skeletal remains from Norton Priory, near Runcorn (Cheshire), led to the discovery of peri-mortem blade trauma on an adult male skeleton. The burial evidence suggests that this individual was a wealthy knight and lay benefactor of the priory in the thirteenth century and skeletal evidence has revealed that he was the victim of inter-personal violence. Additionally, many skeletal elements were affected by advanced Paget’s disease, which may have resulted in a certain level of vulnerability due to restricted movement of his arms as a result of Pagetic thickening of the bones. This is the only evidence found of weaponrelated trauma on the Norton Priory skeletal assemblage, making it a rare case and contributing to our understanding of inter-personal violence associated with an ecclesiastical establishment in medieval Britain.

The present dissertation attempts to follow and analyze each and every individual stage of food provisioning of a late medieval monastic community. Chapter One is an introductory survey, describing the topic, its status quaestionis, problems and methodology. Chapter Two establishes the geography of crops in the rural hinterland of Norwich, with each manor specializing in different crop. A close analysis of the crop geography partially supports the Von Thünen thesis. Chapter Three looks at the agricultural trends of the demesnes. Roughly speaking, the period between c. 1290 and 1370 was a history of wheat’s expansion at the expense of rye, on the one hand, and legume shrinkage at the expense of grazing land. Chapter Four discusses annual grain acquisition, its components and disposal. It shows that about eighty per cent of the total supply derived from harvest, while the remainder came in form of tithes, grants and purchases. Chapter Five deals with the human and equine interaction. The bovine population was certainly dominant, but the draught horses easily outnumbered the oxen. Each year,the Priory authorities saved a great deal of money, because of (virtually) free customary carting service. Chapter Six explores the space for storing and processing of the annual grain supply. The five adjacent buildings, namely the Great Granary, brewery, bakery, mill and staples, allowed most effective cooperation between dozens of Priory labourers working in victual departments, on the one hand, and decreased transportation costs. Chapter Seven attempts to establish the relation between the Priory population, its annual grain supply and demand. Conversion of the grain into approximate calorific and financial equivalent reveals that the supply must have exceeded the demand. Chapter Eight is deals with the actual consumption of the grain supply. As far as Norwich monks are concerned, their annual bread and ale supply has certainly exceeded their normal requirements and there is no hint about selling the surplus. Joining the bread and ale accounts with those of the cellar, we arrive at astonishing calorific figures. Chapter Nine discusses the charity activities of Norwich Priory, particularly connected to the distribution of bread and ale among the needy. There were three distinctive groups: hermits, prisoners and paupers. According to almoner’s accounts, the Priory allocated generous sums of loaves and ale to the paupers.

The present dissertation attempts to follow and analyze each and every individual stage of food provisioning of a late medieval monastic community. Chapter One is an introductory survey, describing the topic, its status quaestionis, problems and methodology. Chapter Two establishes the geography of crops in the rural hinterland of Norwich, with each manor specializing in different crop. A close analysis of the crop geography partially supports the Von Thünen thesis. Chapter Three looks at the agricultural trends of the demesnes. Roughly speaking, the period between c. 1290 and 1370 was a history of wheat’s expansion at the expense of rye, on the one hand, and legume shrinkage at the expense of grazing land. Chapter Four discusses annual grain acquisition, its components and disposal. It shows that about eighty per cent of the total supply derived from harvest, while the remainder came in form of tithes, grants and purchases. Chapter Five deals with the human and equine interaction. The bovine population was certainly dominant, but the draught horses easily outnumbered the oxen. Each year,the Priory authorities saved a great deal of money, because of (virtually) free customary carting service. Chapter Six explores the space for storing and processing of the annual grain supply. The five adjacent buildings, namely the Great Granary, brewery, bakery, mill and staples, allowed most effective cooperation between dozens of Priory labourers working in victual departments, on the one hand, and decreased transportation costs. Chapter Seven attempts to establish the relation between the Priory population, its annual grain supply and demand. Conversion of the grain into approximate calorific and financial equivalent reveals that the supply must have exceeded the demand. Chapter Eight is deals with the actual consumption of the grain supply. As far as Norwich monks are concerned, their annual bread and ale supply has certainly exceeded their normal requirements and there is no hint about selling the surplus. Joining the bread and ale accounts with those of the cellar, we arrive at astonishing calorific figures. Chapter Nine discusses the charity activities of Norwich Priory, particularly connected to the distribution of bread and ale among the needy. There were three distinctive groups: hermits, prisoners and paupers. According to almoner’s accounts, the Priory allocated generous sums of loaves and ale to the paupers.

Du XIe au XIIIe siècle, l'abbaye de Marmoutier a constitué un important réseau de dépendances monastiques – ou prieurés – dans l'Ouest de la France et notamment en Anjou. Dans cette région, le processus de fondation s'étend des années 1040 à 1150 et les moines font preuve d'un réel savoir-faire en ce domaine, sachant s'adapter aux contraintes et aux acteurs locaux. Chaque prieuré est à la tête d'un patrimoine à la structure complexe, accumulé, organisé et défendu par les moines dans les dépendances, avec le soutien et la surveillance de l'abbaye-mère. Les liens entre abbaye et prieurés sont constants, ce que l'étude de la production écrite des moines permet de mettre en valeur. La fin du XIIe siècle et le début du XIIIe siècle sont marqués par des remaniements du réseau monastique. En Anjou, certains prieurés disparaissent, d'autres se renforcent, ce qui est le signe de la capacité d'adaptation de l'abbaye aux difficultés rencontrées, afin de maintenir durablement ses possessions. / From the 11th century to the 13th century the abbey of Marmoutier established a significant network of monastic dependencies – or priories – in Western France and especially in the area of Anjou. In this region the foundation movement flourished between the years 1040 and 1150, the monks of Anjou being well-skilled in navigating the often intricate local constraints and power relationships. Each priory managed its own complex set of lands, the acquisition, organization and legal defense of which were undertaken by the monks, with the support and supervision of the mother-abbey. A study of the monastic writings attests to these strong ties between the Abbey and its priories. Finally, major modifications of this prioral system characterized the end of the Twelfth century through the beginning of the Thirteenth : in Anjou some houses disappeared while others continued to grow, yet another sign of the Abbey's ability to adapt to difficult circumstances in order to persevere.