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För ett framgångsrikt varumärke är det viktigt att konsumenterna ser på företaget på samma sätt som företaget ser på sig själv. Det vill säga att ett företags identitet stämmer överens med företagets image. Om identitet och image faller långt ifrån varandra kan problem uppstå för företaget och det blir svårare att reparera sin image (Kapferer, 2005). När en ny juicebar intog den svenska marknaden med ett annorlunda koncept som alkoholfri cocktailbar ställdes identitet och image mot varandra. Med hjälp av Stuart Halls teori om encoding/decoding, Kapferers Brand Identity Prism och associationsteorier undersöktes Juiceverkets image och identitet. Det visade sig att det existerar ett gap mellan dem. Vissa delar av identiteten stämde överens med mottagarnas image av företaget, medan andra delar inte gjorde det. Ett gap existerar mellan mottagarnas image av företaget som fokus på hälsa, medan företaget menar att de inte är ett hälsoföretag. Mottagarna tolkar också företaget som trendigt och modernt medan Juiceverket menar att de undviker att följa trender. Kanske den största skillnaden i gapet mellan Juiceverkets identitet och image står i företagets identifiering av sig själva som en alkoholfri cocktailbar, medan mottagarna beskriver företaget som en trendig juicebar med hälsofokus.

Saab AB Training & Simulation is specialized on military training, including laserbased training. To continue being the world leader in this area, a new generationof laser simulators needs to be developed. To simplify the development of thishighly complex system, this master thesis have resulted in a MATLAB/Simulinkmodel which simulates the electro-opto/mechanical system representing theirlaser based simulation platform. The focus of this master thesis has been to simulateand control the laser beam deflection. To be more precise, the motors usedto rotate the Risley-prisms deflecting the laser beam is modelled. With a goodmodel of the motors, a control system is applied steering the wedges to a referencerotation angle. The reference rotation angle is difficult to calculate though,since the deflection following several rotary wedges is severely nonlinear. Thereare many ways to calculate the rotation angles, but in this master thesis it will bedone by solving optimization problems in MATLAB. / Saab AB Training & Simulation är specialiserade på militär träning, bland annatbaserad på laser och för att fortsätta vara världsledande inom detta områdekrävs utveckling av en ny generation lasersimulatorer. För att underlätta utvecklingsarbetetav detta högst komplexa system, har i detta examensarbete en simulerbarmodell skapats i MATLAB/Simulink för att kunna simulera det elektroopto/mekaniska system som beskriver deras laserbaserade simulatorplattform.Fokus för detta examensarbete har varit att modellera avlänkningen. Mer ingåendeså modelleras de motorer som används för att rotera Risley-prisman så atten laserstråle uppnår önskad avlänkning. Med en bra modell av motorerna applicerasett reglersystem som styr de roterbara kilarna till referensposition. Referenspositionenär dock komplicerad att beräkna eftersom avlänkningen frånflera roterande kilar beter sig högst olinjärt. För att göra detta finns flera tillvägagångssätt,men i detta examensarbete kommer det att göras genom att lösaoptimeringsproblem i MATLAB.

Geodetic observations are commonly used to make inferences about the rheology of the lower crust and mantle, frictional properties of faults, and the structure of the Earth following an earthquake. On 24 September 2013, an Mw 7.7 earthquake ruptured a 200 km segment of the Hoshab fault in southern Pakistan. The Hoshab fault is located in the Makran accretionary prism, one of the widest emergent accretionary prisms on Earth. Interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) time series observations beginning 15 months after the 2013 earthquake capture a large displacement transient in the hanging wall of the Hoshab fault. Using simulations of viscoelastic relaxation and inversions for afterslip along five candidate fault geometries, I find that afterslip alone cannot account for the displacement observed in time series. Instead, I find that the observations can be explained by viscoelastic relaxation of a mechanically weak (viscosity on the order of 1017-1018 Pa s), shallow (>6 km) weak layer within the accretionary prism. First order results indicate this weak layer is between 8-12 km thick with a power law (n=3.5) rheology, and that viscoelastic relaxation is accommodated by dislocation creep at low temperatures. The weak nature of the Makran accretionary wedge may be driven by high pore fluid pressure from hydrocarbon development and underplated sediments.

The complementary prism of a graph G is the graph formed from a disjoint union of G and its complement ̄G by adding the edges of a perfect matching between the corresponding vertices of G and G. We study independent domination numbers of complementary prisms. Exact values are determined for complementary prisms of paths, complete bipartite graphs, and subdivided stars. A natural lower bound on the independent domination number of a complementary prism is given, and graphs attaining this bound axe characterized. Then we show that the independent domination number behaves somewhat differently in complementary prisms than the domination and total domination numbers. We conclude with a sharp upper bound.

The complementary prism of a graph G is the graph formed from a disjoint union of G and its complement ̄G by adding the edges of a perfect matching between the corresponding vertices of G and G. We study independent domination numbers of complementary prisms. Exact values are determined for complementary prisms of paths, complete bipartite graphs, and subdivided stars. A natural lower bound on the independent domination number of a complementary prism is given, and graphs attaining this bound axe characterized. Then we show that the independent domination number behaves somewhat differently in complementary prisms than the domination and total domination numbers. We conclude with a sharp upper bound.

Let G be a graph and Ḡ be the complement of G. The complementary prism GḠ of G is the graph formed from the disjoint union of G and Ḡ by adding the edges of a perfect matching between the corresponding vertices of G and Ḡ. For example, if G is a 5-cycle, then GḠ is the Petersen graph. In this paper we consider domination and total domination numbers of complementary prisms. For any graph G, max {γ(G), γ(Ḡ)} ≤ γ (Ḡ)and max {γt(G), γt(Ḡ)} ≤ γt (Gγ), where γ(G) and γt(G) denote the domination and total domination numbers of G, respectively. Among other results, we characterize the graphs G attaining these lower bounds.

Thesis (M. A. (Optom.)) -- University of Limpopo, 2021 / Background: There are several clinical techniques for the subjective measurement of heterophoria. In South Africa, von Graefe is one of the most commonly used techniques to quantify heterophoria using the phoropter. However, most rural community clinics have trial frames rather than phoropters to perform heterophoria measurements and other clinical tests. Heterophoria or phoria is the misalignment of an eye that occurs when binocular sensory fusion is blocked. The distance heterophoria is determined by the tonic vergence resting state and negative accommodative vergence. In distance vision, normal heterophoria is zero. The tonic vergence resting state is the vergence angle dictated by tonic vergence innervation alone. However, during a near heterophoria test, the vergence angle observed involves multiple innervational factors. Blocking binocular fusion eliminates disparity vergence innervation. Because of the dual interaction, the loss of disparity vergence innervation initiates simultaneous changes of accommodation innervation. Purpose: The purpose of the study was to investigate the agreement of von Graefe heterophoria measurement using the phoropter and a trial frame. Setting: The study was conducted at an Optometry Clinic, University of Limpopo, South Africa. Methods: Distance and near horizontal and vertical heterophoria measurements were performed on 88 visually-normal university students using the phoropter and a trial frame. The 95% limits of agreement were compared using the exact Bland-Altman statistical test. To measure the horizontal heterophoria, 12 prism base-in was placed before the right eye and 6 prism base-up before the left eye. The prism in front of the right eye was reduced until the participant reported that the two images were vertically aligned. The vertical heterophoria was measured by reducing the prism in front of the left eye until the participant reported that the two images were horizontally aligned. Zero deviation was recorded as ortho or orthophoria. Results: For distance horizontal heterophoria, the Von Graefe values were 0.39±2.0 and 0.38±1.8Δ with the phoropter and trial frame, respectively. The mean near v horizontal heterophoria were 3.69±3.3 and 4.13±3.27Δ with the phoropter and trial frame. There were no significant differences between the mean heterophorias measured using the phoropter and the trial frame, p ˃ 0.05. For the vertical heterophorias at distance and near vision, the means were close to orthophoria. The mean differences and limits of agreement showed good agreement of Von Graefe test using the phoropter and trial frame. Conclusion: Measurement of Von Graefe testing with the phoropter and trial frame showed a high level of agreement for both distance and near vision performed through the phoropter and a trial frame. For clinical and research purposes, the phoropter and trial frame can be used interchangeably for measuring heterophoria. Keywords: heterophoria, phoropter, trial frame, von Graefe, prism

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