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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Environmental Governance and the Politics of Property in Chile

Tecklin, David R. January 2014 (has links)
This study seeks to contribute to an understanding of the patterns of environmental governance in Chile which is both an international model for natural resource-led economic development and an emblematic case of "free market" policy-making. It asks how the typical challenges of environmental governance--the coordination of multiple uses of land/seascapes and resources, the resolution of conflicts, and the reconciliation of competing claims--are addressed given the constraints on state regulatory capacity and authority associated with decades of neoliberal restructuring. My general research proposition is that in this context, property rights have become the key sites where the political and institutional logics of environmental and resource governance are expressed and contested. The dissertation consists of four appended articles that analyze different aspects and implications of this "property-centric" approach to governance. These cover the emergence of environmental legislation, the growth of private land conservation and the political and legal barriers it faces, the policy and political dynamics associated with the allocation of public coastal waters, and the role of property rights in shaping the development and regulation of aquaculture. The analysis draws on and integrates political ecology-oriented literature on environmental governance, legal property theory, and a focus on institutions for common resource management. From this theoretical foundation it develops a legal geographic approach that moves between a focus on formal policy-making and a ground-level view of law as it is interpreted and enacted in specific contexts. Research relied on a combination of primarily qualitative methods and materials including the review of archival and documentary sources, semi-structured interviews with key informants, participant observation, and the mapping of resource rights. Common or overlapping findings in the four studies provide support for several general conclusions regarding the relationships between environmental governance, neoliberalism, property rights, and the management of common resources. a) In the first place, and contrary to expectations, market-based environmental regulation (in a strict sense) has been limited in Chile. b) The legal frameworks which, following neoliberal prescriptions, are designed so as to avoid public deliberation and governmental interference in the economy have facilitated rapid growth in many areas but only by deferring key governance tasks. c) These same arrangements tend to displace and channel politics through property rights, and in the process produce a variety of unintended consequences. d) The privileged position of property rights has resulted in self-reinforcing and path dependent tendencies associated with the collective action of resource users in the pursuit of various political and economic ends. e) At the same time, this project documents the institutionally diverse nature of private property rights, including a multivalent orientation toward markets. f) Finally, the research documents how common property arrangements and ideas have emerged through efforts by various actors to address governance challenges in contexts as diverse as private land conservation and the management of salmon aquaculture production.
2

Reservas particulares do patrimônio natural no Estado do Paraná (Brasil) e as áreas protegidas privadas na Catalunha (Espanha): situação atual, políticas públicas e gestão ambiental / Private Reserve of the Natural Patrimony in Paraná state (Brazil) and Private Protected Areas in Catalonia (Spain): current situation, public policies and environmental management

Schacht, Gustavo Luís 06 April 2017 (has links)
As unidades de conservação da natureza são a forma mais efetiva de proteção da biodiversidade que se conhece. Legalmente as unidades de conservação podem ser divididas em dois grandes grupos: aquelas de uso sustentável e as de proteção integral ou uso indireto. Segundo o Sistema Nacional de Unidades de Conservação (SNUC) instituído pela Lei 9.985 de 18 de julho de 2000, as Reservas Particulares do Patrimônio Natural (RPPN) são consideradas unidades de conservação privadas de uso sustentável. Na Espanha, a conservação em terras privadas é denominado de Custodia del territorio e se dá por meio de parceria privada entre entidades de custódia e o proprietário, diferentemente do Brasil onde ocorre participação pública. Atualmente na Espanha, o processo de criação destas áreas é previsto pela Ley 42 de 13 de dezembro de 2007, que trata do Patrimonio Natural y de la Biodiversidad do país. Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo principal elaborar um panorama atual da conservação em terras privadas no estado do Paraná, Brasil, comparando parcialmente com a conservação privada na Catalunha, Espanha, avaliando a efetividade da gestão destas áreas protegidas no Paraná, para que seja possível apontar possíveis melhorias nos meios de desenvolvimento e gerenciamento das RPPN, tendo em conta a atual demanda ambiental existente. Busca-se ainda entender a dinâmica da relação dessas propriedades privadas de proteção da natureza, com os diferentes órgãos de governo e assim apontar melhorias para a legislação e relação já existentes. Para atingir tal objetivo foram aplicados questionários em 132 RPPN distribuídas pelo Paraná e nove áreas protegidas privadas da Catalunha, e ainda, avaliada a efetividade do manejo aplicado às áreas paranaenses com base na adaptação de uma metodologia já existente. Desta relação atual fica clara a ausência de contato entre proprietário privado e órgãos públicos, bem com a insatisfação de parte dos proprietários de RPPN do Paraná, que criaram estas reservas privadas com expectativas diferentes do que na realidade ocorre, mostrando possivelmente a existência de falha no processo de criação das áreas. Para o caso catalão é possível perceber maior proximidade entre entidades de custódia e proprietário o que reflete em uma gestão mais efetiva destas áreas, além disso, é perceptível a maior utilização destas áreas pela população de seu entorno para atividades de lazer. Também se destaca em algumas áreas visitadas a aplicação de programas de pagamentos por serviços ambientais. Avaliando a efetividade de manejo das reservas paranaenses é possível constatar que 78% das áreas estão incluídas em um manejo insatisfatório e pouco satisfatório, somando no máximo 50% da nota a ser atingida nesta análise, confirmando a ideia da dificuldade na gestão de áreas protegidas por seus proprietários. / Nature conservation units are the most effective form of biodiversity protection that is known. Legally conservation units can be divided into two large groups: those of sustainable use and those of integral protection or indirect use. According to the National System of Conservation Units (SNUC) established by Law 9.985 of July 18, 2000, Private Reserves of the Natural Patrimony (RPPN) are considered private conservation units for sustainable use. In Spain, conservation in private lands is called the Custody of the Territory and occurs through a private partnership between custodians and the owner, unlike Brazil where there is public participation. Currently in Spain, the process of creating these areas is provided for by Law 42 of December 13, 2007, which deals with the country\'s Natural Heritage and Biodiversity. This research has as main objective to elaborate a current panorama of the conservation in private lands in the state of Paraná, Brazil, comparing partially with the private conservation in Catalonia, Spain, evaluating the effectiveness of the management of these protected areas in Paraná, so that it is possible to point out possible Improvements in the means of development and management of RPPN, taking into account the existing environmental demand. It also seeks to understand the dynamics of the relationship of these private nature protection properties with the different governing bodies and thus point out improvements to the already existing legislation and relationship. To achieve this objective, questionnaires were applied in 132 RPPN distributed by Paraná and nine private protected areas of Catalonia, and also evaluated the effectiveness of the management applied to the areas of Paraná based on the adaptation of an existing methodology. From this current relationship it is clear the absence of contact between private owner and public agencies, as well as the dissatisfaction of the owners of RPPN of Paraná, who created these private reserves with different expectations of what actually occurs, possibly showing the existence of a failure in the process of creating areas. For the Catalan case, it is possible to perceive a greater proximity between custodial entities and owner, which reflects in a more effective management of these areas, in addition, it is noticeable the greater use of these areas by the population of its surroundings for leisure activities. Also highlighted in some areas visited is the application of payment programs for environmental services. Evaluating the management effectiveness of the Paraná, it is possible to verify that 78% of the areas are included in an unsatisfactory and little quality management, adding a maximum of 50% of the note to be reached in this analysis, confirming the idea of the difficulty in the management of protected areas by their owners.
3

Reservas particulares do patrimônio natural no Estado do Paraná (Brasil) e as áreas protegidas privadas na Catalunha (Espanha): situação atual, políticas públicas e gestão ambiental / Private Reserve of the Natural Patrimony in Paraná state (Brazil) and Private Protected Areas in Catalonia (Spain): current situation, public policies and environmental management

Gustavo Luís Schacht 06 April 2017 (has links)
As unidades de conservação da natureza são a forma mais efetiva de proteção da biodiversidade que se conhece. Legalmente as unidades de conservação podem ser divididas em dois grandes grupos: aquelas de uso sustentável e as de proteção integral ou uso indireto. Segundo o Sistema Nacional de Unidades de Conservação (SNUC) instituído pela Lei 9.985 de 18 de julho de 2000, as Reservas Particulares do Patrimônio Natural (RPPN) são consideradas unidades de conservação privadas de uso sustentável. Na Espanha, a conservação em terras privadas é denominado de Custodia del territorio e se dá por meio de parceria privada entre entidades de custódia e o proprietário, diferentemente do Brasil onde ocorre participação pública. Atualmente na Espanha, o processo de criação destas áreas é previsto pela Ley 42 de 13 de dezembro de 2007, que trata do Patrimonio Natural y de la Biodiversidad do país. Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo principal elaborar um panorama atual da conservação em terras privadas no estado do Paraná, Brasil, comparando parcialmente com a conservação privada na Catalunha, Espanha, avaliando a efetividade da gestão destas áreas protegidas no Paraná, para que seja possível apontar possíveis melhorias nos meios de desenvolvimento e gerenciamento das RPPN, tendo em conta a atual demanda ambiental existente. Busca-se ainda entender a dinâmica da relação dessas propriedades privadas de proteção da natureza, com os diferentes órgãos de governo e assim apontar melhorias para a legislação e relação já existentes. Para atingir tal objetivo foram aplicados questionários em 132 RPPN distribuídas pelo Paraná e nove áreas protegidas privadas da Catalunha, e ainda, avaliada a efetividade do manejo aplicado às áreas paranaenses com base na adaptação de uma metodologia já existente. Desta relação atual fica clara a ausência de contato entre proprietário privado e órgãos públicos, bem com a insatisfação de parte dos proprietários de RPPN do Paraná, que criaram estas reservas privadas com expectativas diferentes do que na realidade ocorre, mostrando possivelmente a existência de falha no processo de criação das áreas. Para o caso catalão é possível perceber maior proximidade entre entidades de custódia e proprietário o que reflete em uma gestão mais efetiva destas áreas, além disso, é perceptível a maior utilização destas áreas pela população de seu entorno para atividades de lazer. Também se destaca em algumas áreas visitadas a aplicação de programas de pagamentos por serviços ambientais. Avaliando a efetividade de manejo das reservas paranaenses é possível constatar que 78% das áreas estão incluídas em um manejo insatisfatório e pouco satisfatório, somando no máximo 50% da nota a ser atingida nesta análise, confirmando a ideia da dificuldade na gestão de áreas protegidas por seus proprietários. / Nature conservation units are the most effective form of biodiversity protection that is known. Legally conservation units can be divided into two large groups: those of sustainable use and those of integral protection or indirect use. According to the National System of Conservation Units (SNUC) established by Law 9.985 of July 18, 2000, Private Reserves of the Natural Patrimony (RPPN) are considered private conservation units for sustainable use. In Spain, conservation in private lands is called the Custody of the Territory and occurs through a private partnership between custodians and the owner, unlike Brazil where there is public participation. Currently in Spain, the process of creating these areas is provided for by Law 42 of December 13, 2007, which deals with the country\'s Natural Heritage and Biodiversity. This research has as main objective to elaborate a current panorama of the conservation in private lands in the state of Paraná, Brazil, comparing partially with the private conservation in Catalonia, Spain, evaluating the effectiveness of the management of these protected areas in Paraná, so that it is possible to point out possible Improvements in the means of development and management of RPPN, taking into account the existing environmental demand. It also seeks to understand the dynamics of the relationship of these private nature protection properties with the different governing bodies and thus point out improvements to the already existing legislation and relationship. To achieve this objective, questionnaires were applied in 132 RPPN distributed by Paraná and nine private protected areas of Catalonia, and also evaluated the effectiveness of the management applied to the areas of Paraná based on the adaptation of an existing methodology. From this current relationship it is clear the absence of contact between private owner and public agencies, as well as the dissatisfaction of the owners of RPPN of Paraná, who created these private reserves with different expectations of what actually occurs, possibly showing the existence of a failure in the process of creating areas. For the Catalan case, it is possible to perceive a greater proximity between custodial entities and owner, which reflects in a more effective management of these areas, in addition, it is noticeable the greater use of these areas by the population of its surroundings for leisure activities. Also highlighted in some areas visited is the application of payment programs for environmental services. Evaluating the management effectiveness of the Paraná, it is possible to verify that 78% of the areas are included in an unsatisfactory and little quality management, adding a maximum of 50% of the note to be reached in this analysis, confirming the idea of the difficulty in the management of protected areas by their owners.

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