Mineração de processos é uma área de pesquisa relativamente recente que se situa entre mineração de dados e aprendizado de máquina, de um lado, e modelagem e análise de processos de negócio, de outro lado. Mineração de processos visa descobrir, monitorar e aprimorar processos de negócio reais por meio da extração de conhecimento a partir de logs de eventos disponíveis em sistemas de informação orientados a processos. O principal objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o contexto de aplicação de técnicas provenientes das áreas de inteligência computacional e de aprendizado de máquina, incluindo redes neurais artificiais. Para fins de simplificação, denominadas no restante deste texto apenas como ``redes neurais\'\'. e máquinas de vetores de suporte, no contexto de mineração de processos. Considerando que essas técnicas são, atualmente, as mais aplicadas em tarefas de mineração de dados, seria esperado que elas também estivessem sendo majoritariamente aplicadas em mineração de processos, o que não tinha sido demonstrado na literatura recente e foi confirmado por este trabalho. Buscou-se compreender o amplo cenário envolvido na área de mineração de processos, incluindo as principais caraterísticas que têm sido encontradas ao longo dos últimos dez anos em termos de: tipos de mineração de processos, tarefas de mineração de dados usadas, e técnicas usadas para resolver tais tarefas. O principal enfoque do trabalho foi identificar se as técnicas de inteligência computacional e de aprendizado de máquina realmente não estavam sendo amplamente usadas em mineração de processos, ao mesmo tempo que se buscou identificar os principais motivos para esse fenômeno. Isso foi realizado por meio de um estudo geral da área, que seguiu rigor científico e sistemático, seguido pela validação das lições aprendidas por meio de um exemplo de aplicação. Este estudo considera vários enfoques para delimitar a área: por um lado, as abordagens, técnicas, tarefas de mineração e ferramentas comumente mais usadas; e, por outro lado, veículos de publicação, universidades e pesquisadores interessados no desenvolvimento da área. Os resultados apresentam que 81% das publicações atuais seguem as abordagens tradicionais em mineração de dados. O tipo de mineração de processos com mais estudo é Descoberta 71% dos estudos primários. Os resultados deste trabalho são valiosos para profissionais e pesquisadores envolvidos no tema, e representam um grande aporte para a área / Mining process is a relatively new research area that lies between data mining and machine learning, on one hand, and business process modeling and analysis, on the other hand. Mining process aims at discovering, monitoring and improving business processes by extracting real knowledge from event logs available in process-oriented information systems. The main objective of this master\'s project was to assess the application of computational intelligence and machine learning techniques, including, for example, neural networks and support vector machines, in process mining. Since these techniques are currently widely applied in data mining tasks, it would be expected that they were also widely applied to the process mining context, which has been not evidenced in recent literature and confirmed by this work. We sought to understand the broad scenario involved in the process mining area, including the main features that have been found over the last ten years in terms of: types of process mining, data mining tasks used, and techniques applied to solving such tasks. The main focus of the study was to identify whether the computational intelligence and machine learning techniques were indeed not being widely used in process mining whereas we sought to identify the main reasons for this phenomenon. This was accomplished through a general study area, which followed scientific and systematic rigor, followed by validation of the lessons learned through an application example. This study considers various approaches to delimit the area: on the one hand, approaches, techniques, mining tasks and more commonly used tools; and, on the other hand, the publication vehicles, universities and researchers interested in the development area. The results show that 81% of current publications follow traditional approaches to data mining. The type of mining processes more study is Discovery 71% of the primary studies. These results are valuable for practitioners and researchers involved in the issue, and represent a major contribution to the area

Les services Web proposent un paradigme intéressant pour la publication, la découverte et la consommation de services. Ce sont des applications faiblement couplées qui peuvent être exécutées seules ou être composées pour créer de nouveaux services à valeur ajoutée. Ils peuvent être consommés comme des services individuels qui fournissent une interface unique qui reçoit des inputs et retourne des outputs (cas 1), ou bien ils peuvent être consommés en tant que composants à intégrer dans des procédés métier (cas 2). Nous appelons le premier cas de consommation « utilisation individuelle » et le second cas de consommation « utilisation en procédé métier ». La nécessité d'avoir des outils dédiés pour aider les consommateurs dans les deux cas de consommation a impliqué de nombreux travaux de recherche dans les milieux académiques ou industriels. D'une part, beaucoup de portails et de moteurs de recherche de services ont été développés pour aider les utilisateurs à rechercher et invoquer les services Web pour une utilisation individuelle. Cependant, les approches actuelles prennent principalement en compte les connaissances explicites présentées par les descriptions de service. Ils font des recommandations sans tenir compte des données qui reflètent l'intérêt des utilisateurs et peuvent demander des informations supplémentaires aux utilisateurs. D'autre part, plusieurs techniques et mécanismes associées aux procédés métier ont été élaborés pour rechercher des modèles de procédé métiers similaires, ou utiliser des modèles de référence. Ces mécanismes sont utilisés pour assister les analystes métiers à la conception de procédés métiers. Cependant, ils sont lents, source d'erreurs, grands consommateurs de ressources humaines, et peuvent induire à l’erreur les analystes métier. Dans notre travail, nous cherchons à faciliter la consommation de services Web pour une utilisation individuelle ou en procédé métier en proposant des techniques de recommandation. Notre objectif est de recommander aux utilisateurs des services qui sont proches de leur intérêt et de recommander aux analystes métier des services qui sont pertinents pour un procédé métier en cours de conception. Pour recommander des services pour une utilisation individuelle, nous prenons en compte l’historique des données d'utilisation de l'utilisateur qui reflètent ses intérêts. Nous appliquons des techniques de filtrage collaboratif bien connues pour faire des recommandations. Nous avons proposé cinq algorithmes et développé une application Web qui permet aux utilisateurs d'utiliser des services recommandés. Pour recommander des services pour une utilisation en procédé métier, nous prenons en compte les relations entre les services du procédé métier. Nous proposons de recommander les services en fonction de leurs localisations dans le procédé métier. Nous avons définit le contexte de voisinage d'un service. Nous avons présenté des recommandations basées sur l'appariement de contexte de voisinage. Par ailleurs, nous avons développé un langage de requête pour permettre aux analystes métier d'exprimer formellement des contraintes de filtrage. Nous avons proposé également une approche pour extraire le contexte de voisinage à partir de traces d’exécution de procédés métier. Enfin, nous avons développé trois applications afin de valider notre approche. Nous avons effectué des expérimentations sur des données recueillies par nos applications et sur deux grands ensembles de données publiques. Les résultats expérimentaux montrent que notre approche est faisable, précise et performante dans des cas d'utilisation réels / Web services have been developed as an attractive paradigm for publishing, discovering and consuming services. They are loosely-coupled applications that can be run alone or be composed to create new value-added services. They can be consumed as individual services which provide a unique interface to receive inputs and return outputs; or they can be consumed as components to be integrated into business processes. We call the first consumption case individual use and the second case business process use. The requirement of specific tools to assist consumers in the two service consumption cases involves many researches in both academics and industry. On the one hand, many service portals and service crawlers have been developed as specific tools to assist users to search and invoke Web services for individual use. However, current approaches take mainly into account explicit knowledge presented by service descriptions. They make recommendations without considering data that reflect user interest and may require additional information from users. On the other hand, some business process mechanisms to search for similar business process models or to use reference models have been developed. These mechanisms are used to assist process analysts to facilitate business process design. However, they are labor-intense, error-prone, time-consuming, and may make business analyst confused. In our work, we aim at facilitating the service consumption for individual use and business process use using recommendation techniques. We target to recommend users services that are close to their interest and to recommend business analysts services that are relevant to an ongoing designed business process. To recommend services for individual use, we take into account the user's usage data which reflect the user's interest. We apply well-known collaborative filtering techniques which are developed for making recommendations. We propose five algorithms and develop a web-based application that allows users to use services. To recommend services for business process use, we take into account the relations between services in business processes. We target to recommend relevant services to selected positions in a business process. We define the neighborhood context of a service. We make recommendations based on the neighborhood context matching. Besides, we develop a query language to allow business analysts to formally express constraints to filter services. We also propose an approach to extract the service's neighborhood context from business process logs. Finally, we develop three applications to validate our approach. We perform experiments on the data collected by our applications and on two large public datasets. Experimental results show that our approach is feasible, accurate and has good performance in real use-cases

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:48:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DanielAC_DISSERT.pdf: 1379221 bytes, checksum: 4e8ab78d03e452eecd9c3eaa6906e4ee (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-01 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Software Repository Mining (MSR) is a research area that analyses software repositories in order to derive relevant information for the research and practice of software engineering. The main goal of repository mining is to extract static information from repositories (e.g. code repository or change requisition system) into valuable information providing a way to support the decision making of software projects. On the other hand, another research area called Process Mining (PM) aims to find the characteristics of the underlying process of business organizations, supporting the process improvement and documentation. Recent works have been doing several analyses through MSR and PM techniques: (i) to investigate the evolution of software projects; (ii) to understand the real underlying process of a project; and (iii) create defect prediction models. However, few research works have been focusing on analyzing the contributions of software developers by means of MSR and PM techniques. In this context, this dissertation proposes the development of two empirical studies of assessment of the contribution of software developers to an open-source and a commercial project using those techniques. The contributions of developers are assessed through three different perspectives: (i) buggy commits; (ii) the size of commits; and (iii) the most important bugs. For the opensource project 12.827 commits and 8.410 bugs have been analyzed while 4.663 commits and 1.898 bugs have been analyzed for the commercial project. Our results indicate that, for the open source project, the developers classified as core developers have contributed with more buggy commits (although they have contributed with the majority of commits), more code to the project (commit size) and more important bugs solved while the results could not indicate differences with statistical significance between developer groups for the commercial project / Minera??o de Reposit?rios de Software (MSR) ? uma ?rea que procura analisar reposit?rios de software em busca de informa??es relevantes para a pesquisa e para a pr?tica na engenharia de software. As minera??es buscam transformar informa??es est?ticas de reposit?rios de software (sistemas de ger?ncia de configura??o e mudan?as) em informa??es relevantes que auxiliam a tomada de decis?o dentro do contexto de projetos de software. Por outro lado, a ?rea de Minera??o de Processos (MP) busca descobrir caracter?sticas dos processos que s?o utilizados em organiza??es para auxiliar na melhoria e documenta??o destes processos. Trabalhos recentes t?m buscado utilizar as t?cnicas de MSR e de MP para realizar diversas an?lises na ?rea de Engenharia de Software, tais como: (i) estudar a evolu??o dos projetos de software (ii) entender o processo de software real utilizado em um determinado projeto; e (iii) criar modelos de predi??es de defeitos. Contudo, poucos destes trabalhos buscam utilizar as t?cnicas de MP e MSR com o objetivo de analisar a contribui??o de desenvolvedores na implementa??o de sistemas de software. Esta disserta??o de mestrado prop?e a condu??o de estudos experimentais que buscam avaliar a contribui??o de desenvolvedores de software para projetos, atrav?s da utiliza??o das t?cnicas de MSR e MP. A contribui??o dos desenvolvedores ? avaliada sob tr?s diferentes perspectivas: (i) commits defeituosos; (ii) tamanho dos commits; e (iii) resolu??o de bugs priorit?rios. Dois projetos de software (um open-source e outro privado) foram analisados sob estas tr?s perspectivas. Para o projeto open-souce, 12.827 commits e 8.410 bugs foram avaliados, enquanto que para o projeto privado, 4.663 commits e 1.898 bugs foram avaliados. Os resultados obtidos indicam que para o projeto open-source os desenvolvedores classificados como desenvolvedores core, s?o os que mais produzem commits defeituosos (embora tamb?m sejam os que mais produzem commits), s?o os que contribuem com commits de maior tamanho de c?digo e tamb?m contribuem com mais bugs priorit?rios solucionados. J? para o projeto privado, os resultados n?o indicaram uma diferen?a estatisticamente significativa entre os grupos de desenvolvedores

Organizações modernas apresentam demandas relacionadas à automação dos seus processos de negócio devido à alta complexidade dos mesmos e à necessidade de maior eficácia na execução. Neste contexto, a tecnologia de workflow tem se mostrado bastante eficiente, principalmente para a automatização dos processos de negócio. No entanto, por ser uma tecnologia emergente e em evolução, workflow apresenta algumas limitações. Ainda que diversos (meta) modelos de workflow tenham sido propostos nos últimos, anos, seus sub-modelos para representação dos aspectos estruturais da organização apresentam baixo poder de expressão. Além disso, a maioria das ferramentas para modelagem de workflow não provêm funcionalidades para definição, consulta e reuso de padrões. Um dos principais problemas é falta de um mapeamento consolidado entre padrões de funções recorrentes em processos de negócio (ex: solicitação de execução de atividade, aprovação de documentos) e (meta) modelos e/ou ferramentas para modelagem de processos de negócio e workflow. Além disso, a maioria das abordagens em padrões de workflow não exploram a completude e necessidade dos seus padrões para modelagem de workflow. A primeira contribuição desta tese é um Modelo Transacional de Processos de Negócio (MTPN) com suporte aos aspectos estruturais da organização. O metamodelo possibilita a criação de (sub-)processos de negócio a partir do reuso de padrões, principalmente com base nestes aspectos. Adicionalmente, o metamodelo sugere a geração automática de padrões através da Linguagem de Execução para Web Services (BPEL4WS). Outra importante contribuição da tese é um conjunto de padrões de workflow representados como atividades de bloco. Cada padrão descreve uma função recorrente em processos de negócio. A mineração de 190 processos de workflow de mais de 10 organizações diferentes provou a existência dos padrões com alto suporte nos processos de workflow analisados. Além disso, o estudo mostrou que o conjunto de padrões é suficiente e necessário para modelar todos os 190 processos investigados. O estudo também resultou em um conjunto de regras de associação. As regras não apenas contribuem para uma melhor definição dos padrões de atividade de bloco, mas também para a combinação destes com padrões de controle de fluxo. / Modern organizations have demands related to the automation of their business processes since such processes are highly complex and need to be efficiently executed. Within this context, the workflow technology has shown to be very effective, mainly in the business process automation. However, as it is an emergent technology and in constant evolution, workflow presents some limitations. Though several workflow (meta) models have been proposed in recent years, their sub-models for organizational structure aspects representation show limited power of expression. On the other hand, most of the current workflow modeling tools do not provide functionalities that enable users to define, query, and reuse workflow patterns properly. One of the main problems is the non-availability of a consolidated mapping between patterns based on recurrent functions found in business processes (e.g., request for activity execution, notification, decision, or approval) and workflow (meta) models or workflow modeling tools. Relying on these problems, the first contribution of this thesis is a Transactional Metamodel of Business Process (TMBP) with support to organizational structure aspects. The metamodel makes feasible to create business (sub-)processes from the reuse of organizational –based workflow patterns. An additional feature of TMBP supports the generation of business (sub-)processes through the Business Process Execution Language for Web Services (BPEL4WS). Other important contribution of this thesis is a set of workflow patterns represented as block activity patterns. Each pattern refers to a recurrent business function frequently found in business processes. The mining of 190 workflow processes of more than 10 different organizations has evidenced the existence of the set of workflow patterns with high support in the workflow processes analyzed. Moreover, it became clear through this study that the set of patterns is both necessary and enough to design all 190 processes that were investigated. As a consequence of the mining process, a set of association rules was identified too. The rules not only help to better define specific workflow patterns, but also combine them with existent control flow patterns. These rules can be useful for building more complex workflows.

[pt] Sepse é considerada uma carga na saúde e na economia global. No Brasil, a sepse é a principal causa de morte em Unidades de Terapia Intensiva, bem como uma das principais causas de mortalidade hospitalar tardia. Nesta tese, inicialmente apresenta-se um relatório epidemiológico brasileiro de sepse contemplando 10 anos utilizando dados do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Em seguida, mostra-se um estudo que apoia os estabelecimentos de saúde na avaliação e otimização de seus protocolos clínicos de sepse usando técnicas de mineração de processos. Um protocolo clínico consiste em um plano de cuidados bem definido, que inclui uma ordem clara e tempo para a execução de intervenções com resultados esperados. Durante a execução deste estudo, identificou-se a falta de técnicas de mineração de processos para a otimização de protocolos clínicos. Assim, neste trabalho foi proposta, implementada e testada uma nova técnica de mineração de processos que auxilia usuários na otimização de seus processos. Esta técnica foi aplicada para a melhoria de protocolos clínicos. A técnica desenvolvida (Multi-CAT) identifica e destaca um conjunto de atividades e subsequências que promovem resultados positivos ou negativos, considerando múltiplos critérios simultâneos. A técnica foi aplicada com sucesso em um protocolo clínico de sepse, na qual foram adquiridas mais recomendações de otimização do que foi previamente obtido em análise manual. Conclui-se que a técnica desenvolvida apresenta grande potencial para auxiliar na otimização de processos com bom desempenho. No cenário de testes mais complexo, com 58 atividades, 50.000 casos e 14.451 variantes, Multi-CAT utilizou 2,04 minutos para executar a análise. Para finalizar, a ferramenta foi validada em dois processos distintos, indicando potencial para ser aplicada em outras áreas de negócio. / [en] Sepsis is considered a worldwide health and economic burden. In Brazil, sepsis is the major cause of death in Intensive Care Units, as well as, one of the main causes of late hospital mortality. In this thesis, we first provide a 10 years population-level epidemiology report of sepsis in Brazil, using data from the Brazilian Unified Health System. Secondly, we present a research study that supports health care facilities in the evaluation and optimization of their sepsis clinical pathways (CP) using process mining techniques. A CP consists of a well-defined care plan, which includes a clear order and time for the execution of interventions with expected outcomes. During the execution of this study, it became clear for us the lack of existing process mining techniques for the optimization of CPs. Thus, we proposed, implemented and tested a novel process mining technique that supports users to improve their processes and we applied it for CP improvement. Our developed technique (Multi-CAT) identifies and highlights a set of activities and sub-sequences that provide positive or negative outcomes considering multiple simultaneous criteria. We successfully applied our technique in a real sepsis CP, and we acquired more optimization insights that we got in our previous manual analysis. We conclude that Multi-CAT has high potential to help in the optimization of processes with a good performance. In the most complex test scenario, with 58 activities, 50,000 cases and 14,451 variants, Multi-CAT took 2.04 minutes to execute the analysis. Finally, the tool was validated in two different processes, indicating potential capability to be applicable to other business areas.

Organizações modernas apresentam demandas relacionadas à automação dos seus processos de negócio devido à alta complexidade dos mesmos e à necessidade de maior eficácia na execução. Neste contexto, a tecnologia de workflow tem se mostrado bastante eficiente, principalmente para a automatização dos processos de negócio. No entanto, por ser uma tecnologia emergente e em evolução, workflow apresenta algumas limitações. Ainda que diversos (meta) modelos de workflow tenham sido propostos nos últimos, anos, seus sub-modelos para representação dos aspectos estruturais da organização apresentam baixo poder de expressão. Além disso, a maioria das ferramentas para modelagem de workflow não provêm funcionalidades para definição, consulta e reuso de padrões. Um dos principais problemas é falta de um mapeamento consolidado entre padrões de funções recorrentes em processos de negócio (ex: solicitação de execução de atividade, aprovação de documentos) e (meta) modelos e/ou ferramentas para modelagem de processos de negócio e workflow. Além disso, a maioria das abordagens em padrões de workflow não exploram a completude e necessidade dos seus padrões para modelagem de workflow. A primeira contribuição desta tese é um Modelo Transacional de Processos de Negócio (MTPN) com suporte aos aspectos estruturais da organização. O metamodelo possibilita a criação de (sub-)processos de negócio a partir do reuso de padrões, principalmente com base nestes aspectos. Adicionalmente, o metamodelo sugere a geração automática de padrões através da Linguagem de Execução para Web Services (BPEL4WS). Outra importante contribuição da tese é um conjunto de padrões de workflow representados como atividades de bloco. Cada padrão descreve uma função recorrente em processos de negócio. A mineração de 190 processos de workflow de mais de 10 organizações diferentes provou a existência dos padrões com alto suporte nos processos de workflow analisados. Além disso, o estudo mostrou que o conjunto de padrões é suficiente e necessário para modelar todos os 190 processos investigados. O estudo também resultou em um conjunto de regras de associação. As regras não apenas contribuem para uma melhor definição dos padrões de atividade de bloco, mas também para a combinação destes com padrões de controle de fluxo. / Modern organizations have demands related to the automation of their business processes since such processes are highly complex and need to be efficiently executed. Within this context, the workflow technology has shown to be very effective, mainly in the business process automation. However, as it is an emergent technology and in constant evolution, workflow presents some limitations. Though several workflow (meta) models have been proposed in recent years, their sub-models for organizational structure aspects representation show limited power of expression. On the other hand, most of the current workflow modeling tools do not provide functionalities that enable users to define, query, and reuse workflow patterns properly. One of the main problems is the non-availability of a consolidated mapping between patterns based on recurrent functions found in business processes (e.g., request for activity execution, notification, decision, or approval) and workflow (meta) models or workflow modeling tools. Relying on these problems, the first contribution of this thesis is a Transactional Metamodel of Business Process (TMBP) with support to organizational structure aspects. The metamodel makes feasible to create business (sub-)processes from the reuse of organizational –based workflow patterns. An additional feature of TMBP supports the generation of business (sub-)processes through the Business Process Execution Language for Web Services (BPEL4WS). Other important contribution of this thesis is a set of workflow patterns represented as block activity patterns. Each pattern refers to a recurrent business function frequently found in business processes. The mining of 190 workflow processes of more than 10 different organizations has evidenced the existence of the set of workflow patterns with high support in the workflow processes analyzed. Moreover, it became clear through this study that the set of patterns is both necessary and enough to design all 190 processes that were investigated. As a consequence of the mining process, a set of association rules was identified too. The rules not only help to better define specific workflow patterns, but also combine them with existent control flow patterns. These rules can be useful for building more complex workflows.

Organizações modernas apresentam demandas relacionadas à automação dos seus processos de negócio devido à alta complexidade dos mesmos e à necessidade de maior eficácia na execução. Neste contexto, a tecnologia de workflow tem se mostrado bastante eficiente, principalmente para a automatização dos processos de negócio. No entanto, por ser uma tecnologia emergente e em evolução, workflow apresenta algumas limitações. Ainda que diversos (meta) modelos de workflow tenham sido propostos nos últimos, anos, seus sub-modelos para representação dos aspectos estruturais da organização apresentam baixo poder de expressão. Além disso, a maioria das ferramentas para modelagem de workflow não provêm funcionalidades para definição, consulta e reuso de padrões. Um dos principais problemas é falta de um mapeamento consolidado entre padrões de funções recorrentes em processos de negócio (ex: solicitação de execução de atividade, aprovação de documentos) e (meta) modelos e/ou ferramentas para modelagem de processos de negócio e workflow. Além disso, a maioria das abordagens em padrões de workflow não exploram a completude e necessidade dos seus padrões para modelagem de workflow. A primeira contribuição desta tese é um Modelo Transacional de Processos de Negócio (MTPN) com suporte aos aspectos estruturais da organização. O metamodelo possibilita a criação de (sub-)processos de negócio a partir do reuso de padrões, principalmente com base nestes aspectos. Adicionalmente, o metamodelo sugere a geração automática de padrões através da Linguagem de Execução para Web Services (BPEL4WS). Outra importante contribuição da tese é um conjunto de padrões de workflow representados como atividades de bloco. Cada padrão descreve uma função recorrente em processos de negócio. A mineração de 190 processos de workflow de mais de 10 organizações diferentes provou a existência dos padrões com alto suporte nos processos de workflow analisados. Além disso, o estudo mostrou que o conjunto de padrões é suficiente e necessário para modelar todos os 190 processos investigados. O estudo também resultou em um conjunto de regras de associação. As regras não apenas contribuem para uma melhor definição dos padrões de atividade de bloco, mas também para a combinação destes com padrões de controle de fluxo. / Modern organizations have demands related to the automation of their business processes since such processes are highly complex and need to be efficiently executed. Within this context, the workflow technology has shown to be very effective, mainly in the business process automation. However, as it is an emergent technology and in constant evolution, workflow presents some limitations. Though several workflow (meta) models have been proposed in recent years, their sub-models for organizational structure aspects representation show limited power of expression. On the other hand, most of the current workflow modeling tools do not provide functionalities that enable users to define, query, and reuse workflow patterns properly. One of the main problems is the non-availability of a consolidated mapping between patterns based on recurrent functions found in business processes (e.g., request for activity execution, notification, decision, or approval) and workflow (meta) models or workflow modeling tools. Relying on these problems, the first contribution of this thesis is a Transactional Metamodel of Business Process (TMBP) with support to organizational structure aspects. The metamodel makes feasible to create business (sub-)processes from the reuse of organizational –based workflow patterns. An additional feature of TMBP supports the generation of business (sub-)processes through the Business Process Execution Language for Web Services (BPEL4WS). Other important contribution of this thesis is a set of workflow patterns represented as block activity patterns. Each pattern refers to a recurrent business function frequently found in business processes. The mining of 190 workflow processes of more than 10 different organizations has evidenced the existence of the set of workflow patterns with high support in the workflow processes analyzed. Moreover, it became clear through this study that the set of patterns is both necessary and enough to design all 190 processes that were investigated. As a consequence of the mining process, a set of association rules was identified too. The rules not only help to better define specific workflow patterns, but also combine them with existent control flow patterns. These rules can be useful for building more complex workflows.

Le volume des données relatives à l'exécution des processus métiers augmente de manière significative dans l'entreprise. Beaucoup de sources de données comprennent les événements liés à l'exécution des mêmes processus dans différents systèmes ou applications. La corrélation des événements est la tâche de l'analyse d'un référentiel de journaux d'événements afin de trouver l'ensemble des événements qui appartiennent à la même trace d'exécution du processus métier. Il s'agit d'une étape clé dans la découverte des processus à partir de journaux d'événements d'exécution. La corrélation des événements est une tâche de calcul intensif dans le sens où elle nécessite une analyse approfondie des relations entre les événements dans des dépôts très grande et qui évolue de plus en plus, et l'exploration de différentes relations possibles entre ces événements. Dans cette thèse, nous présentons une technique d'analyse de données évolutives pour soutenir d'une manière efficace la corrélation des événements pour les fouilles des processus métiers. Nous proposons une approche en deux étapes pour calculer les conditions de corrélation et héritier entraîné des instances de processus de journaux d'événements en utilisant la plateforme MapReduce. Les résultats expérimentaux montrent que l'algorithme s'adapte parfaitement à de grands ensembles de données. / The volume of data related to business process execution is increasing significantly in the enterprise. Many of data sources include events related to the execution of the same processes in various systems or applications. Event correlation is the task of analyzing a repository of event logs in order to find out the set of events that belong to the same business process execution instance. This is a key step in the discovery of business processes from event execution logs. Event correlation is a computationally-intensive task in the sense that it requires a deep analysis of very large and growing repositories of event logs, and exploration of various possible relationships among the events. In this dissertation, we present a scalable data analysis technique to support efficient event correlation for mining business processes. We propose a two-stages approach to compute correlation conditions and their entailed process instances from event logs using MapReduce framework. The experimental results show that the algorithm scales well to large datasets.

Process mining (PM) has already found its place in analyzing and visualizing business processes across different sectors such as banking, healthcare, insurance, and logistics. However, its application is very limited in production systems. Production systems are very complex and dynamic, hindering the accurate capture of different process chain events. Generating the event log data out of the recorded events requires a proper understanding of the processes. The results of the bottleneck analysis can help the production experts to optimize the process. This study analyzes three to four PM tools to select an appropriate tool that can perform bottleneck analysis. The initial research will focus on various features of the PM tools such as modeling support, user friendliness, flexibility, stability, animation support, and BPMN modeling support. The feature analysis uses the event-log data generated from simulating the process model created in a Simulation-based Optimization tool FACTS Analyzer. Some PM tools can generate the BPMN model from the process model; animation support and modeling support features are vital for the bottleneck analysis. The PM tool's ability to create the process model automatically from the event log data can help save time involved in data collection through a physical visit to the site, conducting interviews, observations, etc. In contrast, the bottleneck analysis used simulated event log data and an event log generated from a real-world production system. The study focuses on finding whether PM can support the bottleneck analysis of the real-world production systems and find the appropriate PM tool available in the market for the same application. The use of process mining tools in the bottleneck analysis requires human intervention in identifying the bottlenecks in the process as the PM tools are incapable of recognizing them on their own. But, appropriate use of the PM tools in the bottleneck analysis can help save a considerable amount of time in manually building the simulation model. Performing iterative optimization could lead to socio, economic, and environmental sustainability as it helps avoid wastages in time, material, and energy.

This thesis explains business process mining and it's principles. A substantial part is devoted to the problems of process discovery. Further, based on the analysis of specific manufacturing process are proposed three methods that are trying to identify shortcomings in the process. First discovers the manufacturing process and renders it into a graph. The second method uses simulator of production history to obtain products that may caused delays in the process. Acquired data are used to mine frequent itemsets. The third method tries to predict processing time on the selected workplace using asociation rules. Last two mentioned methods employ an algorithm Frequent Pattern Growth. The knowledge obtained from this thesis improve efficiency of the manufacturing process and enables better production planning.