Orientador: Maria Regina Wolf Maciel / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Quimica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-15T00:02:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RamirezJaimes_Ruben_M.pdf: 11111489 bytes, checksum: eae6da9f357bd26132c5fb604b77851d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: O petróleo recebido em uma refinaria é enviado a destilação atmosférica, onde são separadas as frações mais leves. O produto de fundo da torre de destilação atmosférica é destilado sob vácuo. O gasoleo de vácuo, a fração mais pesada da destilação a vácuo, é tratada na unidade de craqueamento catalítico (FCC), onde é transformada em produtos de maior valor comercial. A seção de conversão de uma unidade FCC é composta, principalmente, por um reator (riser) e um regenerador. No riser ocorrem as reações de craqueamento catalítico, as quais produzem gasolina, GLP, gasóleo leve, óleo clarificado, gases leves e coque. O coque, que é um composto sólido que se deposita na superfície do catalisador desativando-o é queimado no regenerador. O calor gerado pelas reações de combustão é levado pelo catalisador ao riser na forma de calor sensível, sendo a fonte de energia necessária as reações de craqueamento que são na sua maioria endotérmicas. No presente trabalho foi desenvolvido um simulador modular (em estado estacionário) em FORTRAN®, sendo um módulo para o estudo do riser, outro para o estudo do regenerador e um último módulo para o estudo da unidade completa. O riser foi considerado um reator tubular não isotérmico e em fluxo pistonado, com as reações de craqueamento ocorrendo conforme um modelo cinético de quatro lumps e as velocidades das partículas e do gás conforme o modelo hidrodinâmico do Patience et al (1992). O regenerador foi modelado como um reator de leito fluidizado diferenciando a fase densa da fase diluída, tendo sido consideradas individualmente as reações de combustão do carbono, monóxido de carbono na fase gasosa e na superfície do catalisador, bem como a formação de água. O simulador consegue representar o comportamento de unidades industriais reportadas na literatura. / Abstract: The crude oil received in a refinery is sent to an atmospheric distillation column, where the lighter fractions. are separated. The bottom products of the atmospheric column are distilled under vacuum. The vacuum residue, the heavier fraction of vacuum distillation, is treated in the catalytic cracking unit (FCC), where it is converted into higher commercial value products. The conversion section of a FCC unit is composed mainly of a riser reactor and a catalyst regenerator. The catalytic cracking reactions occur in the riser, where gasoline, LPG, light cycle oil, clarified oil, light gases and coke are produced. Coke is deposited on the surface of the catalyst disabling it, and it is burned in the regenerator. The heat generated by combustion reactions is transported to the riser by the catalyst in the form of sensible heat, being the source of energy required for cracking reactions. In this study a steady state modular simulator was developed in FORTRAN ®. The simulator consists in three modules: one for studying the riser behavior, other one for the study of the regenerator and a last one module to study the complete unit. The riser was considered a non-isothermal plug flow reactor. The cracking reactions were studied based in a four lumps kinetic model. The gas and particle velocities were correlated using the hydrodynamic model developed by Patience (1992). The regenerator was modeled as a catalytic fluid bed with a dense and a freeboard region, with individual combustion reactions of carbon monoxide in the gas phase and on the catalyst surface and water formation. The simulator is able to represent the behavior of industrial units reported in the literature. / Mestrado / Desenvolvimento de Processos Químicos / Mestre em Engenharia Química

Current software process modeling tools lack the capabilities of generating word processing documents that can represent model semantics in a computer process-able and human understandable way. This results into inefficient use of word processors for editing and reviewing a model’s textual data. In an attempt to resolve this problem, this thesis presents an approach for representing software process models in word processing documents. The development of the approach is based on a set of issues that can hinder the generation of human understandable and computer process-able documents from software process models. The approach is validated through its implementation for a software process modeling tool. The implementation allows for the generation of word processing documents from software process models and their re-import into the process modeling tool. / Email: msaqibsaeed@hotmail.com

Process modeling has become an essential part of many organizations for documenting, analyzing and redesigning their business operations and to support them with suitable information systems. In order to serve this purpose, it is important for process models to be well grounded in formal and precise semantics. While behavioural semantics of process models are well understood, there is a considerable gap of research into the semantic aspects of their text labels and natural language descriptions. The aim of this paper is to make this research gap more transparent. To this end, we clarify the role of textual content in process models and the challenges that are associated with the interpretation, analysis, and improvement of their natural language parts. More specifically, we discuss particular use cases of semantic process modeling to identify 25 challenges. For each challenge, we identify prior research and discuss directions for addressing them.

Visual process models are meant to facilitate comprehension of business processes. However, in practice, process models can be difficult to understand. The main goal of this article is to clarify the sources of cognitive effort in comprehending process models. The article undertakes a comprehensive descriptive review of empirical and theoretical work in order to categorize and summarize systematically existing findings on the factors that influence comprehension of visual process models. Methodologically, the article builds on a review of forty empirical studies that measure objective comprehension of process models, seven studies that measure subjective comprehension and user preferences, and thirty-two articles that discuss the factors that influence the comprehension of process models. The article provides information systems researchers with an overview of the empirical state of the art of process model comprehension and provides recommendations for new research questions to be addressed and methods to be used in future experiments.

The subject of the presented thesis is process modeling. The process modeling and process management is at present for many companies interesting issue, which is referred to as business process management (BPM). Large numbers of standards and tools have been developed to support business process management. The goal of this study is to compare different standards and tools for process modeling according to the process maturity of the organization, and to recommend a specific tool. The standards and tools are compared by demands selected according to the study of the literature and author's knowledge. At the same time, companies are divided to groups according to their requirements according to process maturity of the company and therefore the requirements for process modeling. Demands for comparison of the standards and tools are used depending on the process maturity of company using the Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI). For each level of process maturity recommendations of appropriate tools are presented, that could support the efforts of companies to achieve a given maturity level. Subsequently, the evaluation model with demands is used to recommend appropriate tool for a retail company.

This thesis describes the integration of an organization by the process management and it is based on a hypothesis: Is it possible by using process audit to assess the maturity level of the process(es) and the maturity of the organization Mepatek holding itself? The thesis has following objectives: Firstly the research of theoretical basis for the application of appropriate methodologies for a designing process-driven organization, secondly with the help of the process audit assess the maturity process(es) and the entire organization and thirdly a proposal of process-driven organization. This thesis is divided in four parts. The first part is connected to the explanation of the topic, hypotheses definition and objectives. The second part concerns on process management which defines the basic concepts and describes the theoretical background needed to understand the issue. The third part deals with the integration of an organization Mepatek holding"by the process management. The fourth and last part contains a conclusion and evaluation of the objectives of the thesis.

In theoretical part, this thesis deals with evolution of term information which must be interpreted right way to continue to larger, more complex systems like information systems. This technical part is supported by proces analysis, which is needed to identify main processes of the organisation. This core proceses can be now supported by ICT in order to improve their efectiveness and performance. Increased quality of these processes is measured by applying maturity model, that can quantify diferencies between new processes and original ones.

This thesis is focused on solving specific problems in NGO organization AIESEC Praha, caused by big fluctuation, by process analysis and process management implementation. The aim of this paper is provide theoretical introduction to process management and its associated areas. In the beginning of practical part organization is introduced, also with its culture and legal environment that affects its main processes. Following strategic analysis is base for identification of single processes in the organization. Process analysis itself takes major part of thesis and involves described several driving processes through the organization. At the end the knowledge database Tiki is introduced with final conclusions and evaluation.

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