Submitted by PPG Medicina e Ci?ncias da Sa?de (medicina-pg@pucrs.br) on 2018-02-23T19:15:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 JULIANA_ANTOLA_PORTO_TES.pdf: 4776720 bytes, checksum: 1995f76f1de8d24f63bbbf990ed7083c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2018-02-26T19:46:38Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 JULIANA_ANTOLA_PORTO_TES.pdf: 4776720 bytes, checksum: 1995f76f1de8d24f63bbbf990ed7083c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-26T19:51:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JULIANA_ANTOLA_PORTO_TES.pdf: 4776720 bytes, checksum: 1995f76f1de8d24f63bbbf990ed7083c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-10-31 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / As bases neurais do processamento da emo??o facial na inf?ncia s?o amplamente desconhecidas. Os fatores ambientais que podem afetar o processamento facial e o reconhecimento emocional ao longo do curso de desenvolvimento tamb?m s?o pouco compreendidos. No entanto, acredita-se que as experi?ncias iniciais, particularmente envolvendo exposi??o repetida a faces emocionais dos cuidadores, influenciem esse curso. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar os correlatos neurais do processamento de faces emocionais em lactentes usando a espectroscopia funcional no infravermelho pr?ximo (fNIRS), e examinar a poss?vel influ?ncia das experi?ncias emocionais iniciais dos lactentes, indiretamente medida pela investiga??o de sintomas de ansiedade materna. Foram avaliadas 29 crian?as de 5 meses de idade e suas m?es, recrutadas de uma amostra da comunidade de Boston, EUA. A ansiedade materna foi avaliada usando o componente tra?o do Invent?rio de Ansiedade Tra?o-Estado (STAI-T). Os lactentes observaram imagens visuais est?ticas de faces femininas retratando express?es de alegria e medo, enquanto as respostas hemodin?micas corticais foram medidas usando fNIRS. As respostas de oxihemoglobina (oxiHb) e deoxihemoglobina (deoxiHb) nas ?reas frontais, parietais e temporais foram comparadas entre as faces emocionais, e entre filhos de m?es com n?veis altos e baixos de sintomas de ansiedade. Os resultados demonstraram efeito principal significativo da emo??o (p=0,022), evidenciado pelo aumento na concentra??o de oxiHb para faces de alegria em compara??o a faces de medo. Ademais, observou-se efeito principal significativo da regi?o (p=0,013), induzido por maior concentra??o de oxiHb nas regi?es corticais temporais em rela??o ?s regi?es corticais frontais (p=0,031). Al?m disso, houve uma intera??o significativa entre emo??o, hemisf?rio e ansiedade (p=0,037). As an?lises revelaram que filhos de m?es com alta ansiedade demonstraram uma resposta hemodin?mica significativamente elevada no hemisf?rio esquerdo para faces de alegria, em compara??o com faces de medo no hemisf?rio direito (p=0,040) e esquerdo (p=0,033). Os resultados indicam que lactentes de 5 meses discriminaram faces de alegria em compara??o com faces de medo, evidenciado pela maior ativa??o para a primeira. A maior ativa??o nas regi?es temporais em rela??o ?s ?reas frontais foi discutida em rela??o ? ontog?nese do processamento facial e ?s redes neurais de reconhecimento emocional. A resposta mais acentuada, comparando faces de alegria e medo observada nos filhos de m?es com alta ansiedade, pode estar relacionada a altera??es no ambiente emocional dessas crian?as em compara??o com os filhos de m?es com baixa ansiedade. Assim, os n?veis de ansiedade materna parecem moderar as respostas cerebrais hemodin?micas das crian?as ?s faces emocionais. / The neural bases of facial emotion processing in infancy are largely unknown. The environmental factors that may impact facial processing and emotion recognition along the developmental course are also not clearly understood. However, early experiences, particularly involving consistent exposure to familiar caregiver faces, are believed to influence this course. The aim of this study was to investigate the neural correlates of infants? emotional face processing using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), and examine the potential influence of infants? early emotional experiences, indirectly measured by investigating maternal anxiety symptoms. Participants were 29 typically developing 5-monthold infants and their mothers, recruited from a community sample from the Boston greater area, MA, USA. Maternal anxiety was assessed using the trait component of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Infants observed static visual images of a female model portraying happy and fearful expressions, while hemodynamic brain responses were measured using fNIRS. The oxyhemoglobin (oxyHb) and deoxyhemoglobin (deoxyHb) responses over frontal, parietal and temporal areas were compared for the emotional expressions in infants of mothers reporting low and high levels of anxiety symptoms. Results revealed a significant main effect of emotion (p=.022), driven by greater oxyHb concentration responses for happy compared to fearful faces. There was also a main effect of region (p=.013) induced by a significantly greater oxyHb concentration in temporal compared to frontal cortical regions (p=.031). Additionally, a significant three-way interaction between emotion, hemisphere and anxiety was observed (p=.037). Planned comparisons revealed that infants of high-anxious mothers showed significantly greater left hemispheric activation of oxyHb to happy faces when compared with right (p=.040) and left (p=.033) hemispheric activation of oxyHb to fearful faces. These findings possibly indicate that 5-month-olds can discriminate happy from fearful faces, evinced by the greater activation for the former. The greater activation in temporal as compared to frontal areas was discussed in relation to the ontogenesis of face processing and emotion recognition neural networks. The enhanced response to happy versus fearful faces observed in infants of high-anxious mothers can be related to the presumed altered emotional environment experienced by these infants, compared to that of infants of low-anxious mothers. Therefore, maternal anxiety levels appeared to moderate infants? hemodynamic brain responses to emotional faces.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2018-02-21T21:29:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 KerolaynePaivaSoares_TESE.pdf: 14474619 bytes, checksum: c7fe8c3bad13343debb34f5675472ff3 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2018-02-22T23:29:20Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 KerolaynePaivaSoares_TESE.pdf: 14474619 bytes, checksum: c7fe8c3bad13343debb34f5675472ff3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-22T23:29:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 KerolaynePaivaSoares_TESE.pdf: 14474619 bytes, checksum: c7fe8c3bad13343debb34f5675472ff3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-10-19 / A presente tese tem como objetivo mostrar o desenvolvimento e aplica??o de uma ferramenta em Realidade Aumentada para ajudar crian?as afetadas com Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA). Tal ferramenta consiste na exibi??o de cenas caricaturadas da vida real, atrav?s dos ?culos de Realidade Virtual Google Cardboard, que foram utilizadas em tarefas e testes psicopedag?gicos, realizados com essas crian?as. Analisamos os relacionamentos sobre a poss?vel melhoria nas fun??es executivas quando essas t?m seu processamento facial suavizado usando o sistema proposto e vendo o mundo real como um desenho animado. Este estudo inicial fornece evid?ncias para verificar que tais crian?as t?m um interesse particular em desenho animado a despeito de faces humanas. Os resultados alcan?ados sugerem que o ambiente proposto ajuda a aumentar o desempenho das crian?as em tarefas psicopedag?gicas e que pode ser uma ferramenta ?til para ajudar os profissionais em educa??o a proporcionar um melhor suporte a essas crian?as, principalmente no que diz respeito ao desenvolvimento de suas fun??es executivas. / The present thesis aims to show the development and application of an Augmented Reality tool to helps children affected with Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD).This tool consists of the display of real-life caricatured scenes, visualized through the Google Cardboard Virtual Reality glasses, which were used in tasks and psychopedagogical tests performed with these children. We analyzed the relationships about the possible increase in executive functions when they have their facial processing smoothed using the proposed system and seeing the real world as a cartoon. This initial study provides evidences to verify that such children have a particular interest in cartoon in spite of human faces. The results suggest that the proposed environment helps to increase children?s performance in psychopedagogical tasks and that it can be a useful tool to help professionals in education in their work to provide better support to these children, especially with regard to development of executive functions of them.