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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Desenvolvimento de uma unidade laboratorial para quantifica??o de BTX como poluentes atmosf?ricos, usando microextra??o em fase s?lida

Queiroz, Bruna Cibelle de 19 August 2011 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:01:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Bruna_CQ_DISSERT.pdf: 1009487 bytes, checksum: af0c16848a5883b1c5e6bb465ced353e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-08-19 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / This dissertation aims the development of an experimental device to determine quantitatively the content of benzene, toluene and xylenes (BTX) in the atmosphere. BTX are extremely volatile solvents, and therefore play an important role in atmospheric chemistry, being precursors in the tropospheric ozone formation. In this work a BTX new standard gas was produced in nitrogen for stagnant systems. The aim of this dissertation is to develop a new method, simple and cheaper, to quantify and monitor BTX in air using solid phase microextraction/ gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (SPME/CG/MS). The features of the calibration method proposed are presented in this dissertation. SPME sampling was carried out under non-equilibrium conditions using a Carboxen/PDMS fiber exposed for 10 min standard gas mixtures. It is observed that the main parameters that affect the extraction process are sampling time and concentration. The results of the BTX multicomponent system studied have shown a linear and a nonlinear range. In the non-linear range, it is remarkable the effect of competition by selective adsorption with the following affinity order p-xylene > toluene > benzene. This behavior represents a limitation of the method, however being in accordance with the literature. Furthermore, this behavior does not prevent the application of the technique out of the non-linear region to quantify the BTX contents in the atmosphere. / Esta disserta??o de mestrado trata da montagem e da valida??o de um dispositivo experimental para determinar quantitativamente os teores de benzeno, tolueno e xilenos (BTX) na atmosfera. BTX s?o solventes extremamente vol?teis e, portanto, desempenha um papel importante na qu?mica atmosf?rica, sendo precursores na forma??o de oz?nio troposf?rico. Nesta disserta??o um novo padr?o gasoso de BTX foi produzido em nitrog?nio para sistemas estagnados. O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver um novo m?todo, simples e barato, para quantificar e monitorar BTX no ar utilizando microextra??o em fase s?lida, cromatografia gasosa/espectrometria de massa (SPME/CG/MS). As caracter?sticas do m?todo de calibra??o proposto s?o apresentadas nesta disserta??o. Amostragem SPME foi realizada sob condi??es de n?o-equil?brio usando uma fibra Carboxen / PDMS exposta por 10 minutos na mistura de gases padr?o BTX-N2. Observam que os principais par?metros que afetam o processo de extra??o s?o tempo de amostragem, concentra??o e temperatura. Os resultados do sistema multicomponente BTX-N2 estudado mostraram um comportamento linear e n?o-linear em termos de concentra??o de BTX. Na faixa n?o-linear, ? not?vel o efeito da concorr?ncia por adsor??o seletiva com a seguinte ordem de afinidade: p-xileno> tolueno> benzeno. Este comportamento representa uma limita??o do m?todo, no entanto, est? de acordo com a literatura e n?o impede a aplica??o da t?cnica fora da regi?o n?o linear para quantificar os teores de BTX na atmosfera.

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