[pt] Essa dissertação apresenta as tecnologias de radiofrequência e geoposicionamento (RFID/GPS) associadas. A questão fundamental para esse estudo seria a implementação de um sistema baseado em RFID que permita o rastreamento de ferramentas especiais e a localização destas em tempo real. Essas ferramentas são usadas no processo para produção “offshore” de óleo e gás. Como se trata de investimento em uma tecnologia inovadora é relevante considerar a análise financeira do negócio e, portanto se recomenda o cálculo do Valor Presente Líquido (VPL) e consequentemente o retorno sobre o investimento (ROI). A análise econômica foi baseada em uma fase de operação onde há postergação do óleo e a inoperância com sonda, cujos custos são parâmetros que expressam valores em moeda mais significativos. Os resultados mostraram que o valor investido é recuperado em 4 anos e são potencializados quando há tendência de elevação no preço do óleo, alta produtividade do campo e redução dos custos decorrente da melhoria de equipamentos ou pelo aumento da demanda desses. Os resultados obtidos permitiram avaliar e comparar não apenas o retorno do investimento, como benefício de impacto, mas também perceber e avaliar os benefícios agregados à cadeia de valor que certamente vinculada a demanda pressionará a evolução de novas tecnologias em função de mudanças e procedimentos. / [en] This dissertation presents the radio frequency technologies and geopositioning (RFID and GPS) associated with it. The fundamental question for this study would be the implementation of a system based on RFID, which would allow the tracking and the location of these special tools in real time. These tools are used in the process for offshore production of oil and gas. As it comes to investment in innovative technology is relevant considering business and financial analysis, so it is recommended the calculation of the net present value (NPV) and therefore the return on investment (ROI). The economic analysis was based on a phase of operation where there is a delay of oil and ineptitude with the drilling rigs, which costs are parameters that express the most significant currency values. The results showed that the amount invested is recovered in 4 years and are enhanced when: there is a tendency to rise in price of oil, the field features high productivity and as there will be an increased demand and improvements in RFID equipment, the investment costs tend to decrease. The results obtained made it possible to evaluate and compare not only the return on investment, as the benefit of impact, but also realize and assess the benefits of value chain aggregates that certainly linked to the demand will put pressure on the evolution of new technologies in the light of changes and procedures.

Ces dernières années, les attaques de pirates contre des navires ou des champs pétroliers n'ont cessé de se multiplier et de s'aggraver. Pour exemple, l'attaque contre la plateforme Exxon Mobil en 2010 au large du Nigeria s'est soldée par l'enlèvement de dix-neuf membres d'équipage et la réduction de 45.000 barils de sa production pétrolière quotidienne ce qui a engendré une montée des prix à l'échelle internationale.Cet exemple est une parfaite illustration de l'ampleur des dommages sur la sécurité des infrastructures pétrolières offshore.Dans le cadre de notre recherche, nous proposons une démarche de pilotage et de management du risque de piraterie en se basant sur le concept des réseaux bayésiens qui permettent la représentation des connaissances et le calcul des probabilités conditionnelles.Une dimension temporelle a été ajoutée par le recours aux réseaux bayésiens qualifiés de « dynamiques ». Ces réseaux, fondés sur les chaines de Markov cachées ou filtres de Kalman, se révèlent très performants dans le domaine de l'analyse des risques.L'application de ces réseaux au domaine de la piraterie a été envisagée, les apports et les limites seront évalués dans le cadre de cette thèse. / In recent years, pirate attacks against ships or oil fields have continued to multiply and worsen. For example, the attack against the Exxon Mobil platform in 2010 in the coast of Nigeria has resulted in the removal of nineteen crew members and the reduction of 45,000 barrels of daily oil production which resulted in a rise prices internationally.This example is a perfect illustration of the extent of damage on the safety of offshore oil infrastructure.As part of our research, we propose an approach to control and management of the risk of piracy based on the concept of Bayesian networks that enable knowledge representation and calculation of conditional probabilities.A temporal dimension was added by the use of Bayesian networks called "dynamic". These networks, based on Markov chains hidden or Kalman filters, are proving very effective in the field of risk analysis.The application of these networks on piracy was considered, the contributions and limitations will be evaluated as part of this thesis.