Η Τεχνολογία της Γνώσης, και πιο συγκεκριμένα τα Έμπειρα Συστήματα (expert systems) ή αλλιώς Συστήματα Γνώσης (knowledge based systems) αποτελούν τους κλάδους της Τεχνητής Νοημοσύνης που αποδεδειγμένα έχουν προσφέρει τα πιο αξιοσημείωτα αποτελέσματα στην πρακτική τους εφαρμογή. Ως έμπειρα συστήματα θεωρούνται προγράμματα τα οποία επιδεικνύουν νοήµονα συµπεριφορά σε συγκεκριµένους τοµείς και διαδικασίες, ανάλογη με εκείνη ενός ανθρώπου εµπειρογνώµονα µε ειδικότητα στον ίδιο τοµέα. Η λειτουργία των έμπειρων συστημάτων βασίζεται τόσο στην κωδικοποίηση της γνώσης και της συλλογιστικής του ανθρώπου-ειδικού σε έναν εξειδικευμένο τομέα όσο και στο χειρισμό αυτής της γνώσης, με κυριότερους στόχους τη διόρθωση βλαβών, την πρόβλεψη, παρακολούθηση και ερμηνεία καταστάσεων, τη διαμόρφωση και τον έλεγχο συστημάτων. Κατά τις τελευταίες δεκαετίες, η σημαντική πρακτική επιτυχία της εφαρμογής έμπειρων συστημάτων σε εξειδικευμένους τομείς όπως η φαρμακευτική διάγνωση (MYCIN), η ανάλυση γεωλογικών δεδομένων για εντοπισμό πετρελαίου (DIPMETER) και μετάλλων (PROSPECTOR), και η διαμόρφωση υπολογιστικών συστημάτων (XCON), έχουν οδηγήσει σε μία έκρηξη ενδιαφέροντος ως προς τη χρήση έμπειρων συστημάτων σε πολύ ευρύτερο φάσμα εφαρμογών. Το αντικείμενο της παρούσας διπλωματικής εργασίας είναι η ανάπτυξη ενός έμπειρου συστήματος που θα συνάγει στον έλεγχο της κατάστασης λειτουργίας της κύριας μηχανής φορτηγών πλοίων τύπου container, με στόχο την πρόληψη ή έγκαιρη διόρθωση βλαβών και εν τέλει την επίτευξη αποδοτικότερης και ασφαλέστερης λειτουργίας της μηχανής, λιγότερων φθορών και μεγαλύτερου χρόνου ζωής. Η ανάγκη εφαρμογής ενός τέτοιου συστήματος, που θα παρέχει αντικειμενικά και συνεπή συμπεράσματα, από τις εταιρείες διαχείρισης των πλοίων γίνεται όλο και μεγαλύτερη. Όχι μόνο γιατί αποτελεί βασικό μέρος του συστήματος διαχείρισης της ποιότητας (quality management system) των παρεχόμενων υπηρεσιών της εταιρείας προς τους πελάτες – ναυλωτές των πλοίων τύπου container, αλλά κυρίως γιατί μπορεί να αποτελέσει βασικό αρωγό στην προσπάθεια της εταιρείας για συμμόρφωση με διεθνή πρότυπα και κανονισμούς περιβαλλοντικής διαχείρισης (environmental management) για την προστασία εκείνων του στοιχείων του περιβάλλοντος στα οποία έχει επιπτώσεις η δραστηριότητα της εταιρείας. Για τη διαδικασία απόκτησης της γνώσης που θα αποτελέσει την εμπειρογνωμοσύνη του συστήματος ή αλλιώς τη βάση γνώσης του συστήματος (knowledge base) θα χρησιμοποιηθεί η μέθοδος των μη-δομημένων και ημιδομημένων συνεντεύξεων με μηχανολόγους μηχανικούς, εξειδικευμένους σε θέματα μηχανών του συγκεκριμένου τύπου. Τα δεδομένα πάνω στα οποία θα εφαρμοστεί η βάση γνώσης του συστήματος (working memory), ώστε να εξαχθούν τα συμπεράσματα για τη λειτουργία της μηχανής προέρχονται από μετρήσεις πάνω στα όργανα της μηχανής ανά τακτά χρονικά διαστήματα καθώς και δεδομένα-αναφοράς που αντιπροσωπεύουν την ιδανική κατάσταση λειτουργίας της μηχανής. Το κέλυφος του συστήματος (expert system shell) θα αποτελέσει η μηχανή JBoss Rules, η οποία στο επίπεδο του μηχανισμού εξαγωγής συμπερασμάτων (inference engine) υλοποιεί μία αντικειμενοστραφή παραλλαγή του αλγορίθμου Rete, ενώ επιπλέον παρέχει σύστημα διαχείρισης της βάσης γνώσης που καθιστά την ανάπτυξη, τροποποίηση και τον έλεγχό της δυνατό ακόμα και από τους ίδιους τους εμπειρογνώμονες. / Knowledge Technology, and more concretely Expert Systems or Knowledge Based Systems, constitute the sectors of Artificial Intelligence that are proved to have succeeded the most remarkable results in their practical application. Expert Systems are considered to be the programs that demonstrate intelligent behaviour in specific areas and processes, proportional to that of a human expert with speciality in same area. The operation of Expert Systems is based so much on the coding of knowledge and reasoning of a human expert specialized in the specific area, as in the handling of this knowledge, with main objectives the correction of damage, the provision, monitor and interpretation of conditions, the configuration and the inspection of systems. At the last decades, the important practical success of application of Expert Systems in specialised areas such as pharmaceutical diagnosis (MYCIN), the analysis of geological data on location of oil (DIPMETER) and metals (PROSPECTOR), and the configuration of computer systems (XCON), have led to an explosion of interest as for the use of Expert Systems to much wider spectrum of applications. The object of the present thesis is the implementation of an Expert System that will assist in the inspection of the condition of operation of Container Ships Main Engines, aiming at the prevention or on time correction of damage, and finally at achieving more efficient and secure operation of the main engine, less deteriorations and effectively greater life span. The need of such a system, which will provide objective and reliable conclusions, being applied by the shipping management companies becomes even greater. Not only because it constitutes basic part of the quality management system of the provided by the company services to the customers - freighters of the container ships, but mainly because it can constitute basic helper in the company effort to conform with international models and regulations of environmental management on the protection of those aspects of the environment that are affected by the company’s activity. For the process of acquiring the knowledge that will constitute the expertise of the system or differently the knowledge base of the system we will use the method of non-structured and semi-structured interviews with mechanical engineers, specialised on issues regarding the specific engines. The data, on which the working memory of the system will be applied, so that the conclusions on the function of the engine will be exported, emanate from measurements on the different parts of the engine per regular time intervals as well as benchmark data that represent the ideal condition of the engine. The expert system shell will be constituted by the JBoss Rules Engine, which in the level of the inference engine implements an object-oriented variant of the Rete algorithm, while moreover it provides an administration system for the knowledge base that makes its evolution, modification and inspection possible even for the experts themselves.

Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2016-04-05T14:38:47Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) ufpe-cin-andremeireles-2015-11-17.pdf: 8981550 bytes, checksum: 80caeed81afc48b30eeb28174f481950 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-05T14:38:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) ufpe-cin-andremeireles-2015-11-17.pdf: 8981550 bytes, checksum: 80caeed81afc48b30eeb28174f481950 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-14 / CAPEs / CNPq / O alto índice de roubos de cargas e veículos e de acidentes nas rodovias brasileiras tem tornado a negociação de seguros cada vez menos vantajosa para as seguradoras, chegando muitas vezes a inviabilizar esse tipo de negócio, comum a diversos tipos de bens. Como solução, as empresas de gerenciamento de risco surgiram no mercado no intuito de reduzir os custos das seguradoras através da prevenção de roubos e acidentes. No entanto, essas empresas que trabalham com operações complexas e grandes quantidades de dados têm apresentado reincidência de falhas operacionais ocasionadas pela sobrecarga de trabalho manual exigida dos operadores que monitoram os veículos e cargas. Essas falhas geram prejuízos que chegam a desestabilizar esse modelo de negócio. O projeto Unicomm analisou o ambiente de trabalho de uma empresa de gerenciamento de risco e, através do mapeamento dos processos e da representação do conhecimento, informatizou processos e automatizou ações humanas, por meio de um sistema de produção e uso de raciocínio baseado em regras. Os resultados observados mostram que a capacidade de automatização das atividades operacionais dessas empresas pode dar suporte ao refatoramento do modelo de trabalho e ganhos financeiros representativos. / The high rate of theft of cargo and vehicles and accidents on Brazilian highways has made the insurance negotiation increasingly less advantageous for insurers, many coming time to derail this type of business, common to many types of goods. As a solution, the risk management companies appeared on the market in order to reduce the cost of insurance by preventing theft and accidents. However, these companies working with complex operations and large amounts of data have shown recurrence of operational failures caused by manual workload required to operators who monitor the vehicles and cargos. These failures generate losses coming to destabilize this business model. The Unicomm project analyzed the risk management company work environment and, through the mapping of processes and knowledge representation, computerized automated processes and human actions, implementing a production system with rule-based reasoning. Our results show that the automation capability of the operational activities of these businesses can support the refactoring job template and representative financial gains.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:56:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ValciFV.pdf: 4064929 bytes, checksum: 7505ce5888faec9ca00ba6843780670e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-07-26 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / This work consists of the creation of a Specialist System which utilizes production rules to detect inadequacies in the command circuits of an operation system and commands of electric engines known as Direct Start. Jointly, three other modules are developed: one for the simulation of the commands diagram, one for the simulation of faults and another one for the correction of defects in the diagram, with the objective of making it possible to train the professionals aiming a better qualification for the operation and maintenance. The development is carried through in such a way that the structure of the task allows the extending of the system and a succeeding promotion of other bigger and more complex typical systems. The computational environment LabView is employed to enable the system / Este trabalho consiste na cria??o de um Sistema Especialista que utiliza regras de produ??o para detec??o de falhas nos circuitos de comandos de um sistema de acionamento e comandos de motores el?tricos conhecido como Partida Direta. Conjuntamente s?o desenvolvidos tr?s outros m?dulos, um para simula??o do diagrama de comandos, um para simula??o de defeitos e outro para corre??o de defeitos no diagrama com o objetivo de possibilitar o treinamento de profissionais visando uma melhor capacita??o para opera??o e manuten??o. O desenvolvimento ? realizado de forma que a estrutura do trabalho permita a amplia??o do sistema e posterior desenvolvimento de outros sistemas t?picos de maior tamanho e complexidade. Para implementa??o do sistema ? utilizado o ambiente computacional LabView

This paper deals with problem of procedurally generated city. There are described steps of creation of city. These steps are: road generation, extraction of minimal cycles in graph, division of lots and generation of buildings. Road and buildings are generated by L-system. Our system generate a city from input images, such as height map, map of population density and map of water areas. Proposed approaches are used for implementation of application for generation of city.