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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Propriedade das normas de lançamento de esgoto / Properties of the norms of sewer release

Amigo, Nisete Augusto de January 1998 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2012-09-06T01:11:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) 106.pdf: 3009480 bytes, checksum: 3073b80b6df5fc1810662a9fd636a233 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1998 / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. / As normas utilizadas na avaliaçäo de lançamento de esgotos, NT-202, DZ-205 e DZ-215, foram utilizadas, para verificar se os esgotos domésticos, portanto de origem näo industrial, realmente mantêm esta condiçäo nos dias atuais, década de 90 e com cinqüenta anos de evoluçäo da industria química. O esgoto bruto, estudado, representativo de uma populaçäo de 4000 habitantes, apresentou uma carga orgânica unitária de 98 g/hab.d, maior do que a prevista pela DZ-215, que é de 54 g/hab.d. A concentraçäo de MBAS encontrada, de 6,09 mg/l, é maior que a concentraçäo permitida pela NT-202 para o lançamento industrial, na rede de esgotos, que é de 2,0 mg/l; implica num consumo percapita de surfactante de 2,9 g/hab.d, contra 4,0g/hab.d previstos na Europa Ocidental (Painter & Zabel, 1988) e 4,5 g/hab.d em Owlwood, U.K (Holt, et al., 1995). Os metais pesquisados estäo todos abaixo dos valores preconizados pela NT-202. O cádmio foi o que registrou maior percentual comparado com limite exigido, 29 por cento , seguido igualmente do chumbo e do zinco com 18 por cento, e, ainda, a maior variaçäo percentual de crescimento do consumo percapita. Esse crescimento poderia ser uma tendência ligada ao consumo exagerado, quer por desperdício ou excesso de oferta de produtos, somado, provavelmente, ao controle inadequado desses elementos nos produtos. A relaçäo DBO/DQ, de referência para a NT-205 (FEEMA, 1991) como indicativo da necessidade de implantaçäo de sistema de pré-tratamento de controle de carga orgânica näo-biodegradável, a ser lançada na rede de esgotos, por uma atividade poluidora industrial. Essas tendências devem ser consideradas, para que se busque formas de controle aplicáveis aos esgotos domésticos, ante a expectativa de mais alteraçöes futuras. A carga industrial, pontual, pode ser devidamente controlada para näo agredir o meio ambiente, ou, aos cofres públicos, com demandas näo previstas para as ETE'S. O controle de uma carga difusa - esgoto doméstico - formada pelos mais variados produtos domissanitários, cosméticos e de higiene, exigirá, num futuro próximo, outras formas de controle, para que näo atinja valores que venha a comprometer o tratamento municipal de esgotos e o meio ambiente. / The FEEMA regulations to valuation sewers throwing, NT-202, DZ-205 and DZ-215, were used in order to verify if the domestic sewers, thus of non-industrial origin, really maintain this condition nowadays, in the ninety’s, and with fifty years of evolution of chemical industry. The raw sewer, up in this work, representative of a population of 4.000 inhabitants, presented an unitary organic load of 98 g/cap.d, larger than that expected by DZ-215, that is of 54g/cap.d. The founded MBAS concentration, of 6.09 mg/l, is larger than the NT-202 standard concentration for industrial throwing in the sewerage system, that is of 2.0 mg/l. This imply in a “per capita” surfactant consumption of 2.9 g/cap.d, against 4.0 g/cap.d foreseen in the Western Europe (Painter & Zabel, 1988) and 4.5 g/cap.d in Owlwood, U.K. (Holt, et al, 1995). The researched metals are all lower than the NT-202 standardized values. The cadmium was the one that recorded the larger percentage, compared with the required standard values, 29%, followed equally by lead and zinc with 18%, and yet, the larger percentage variation of “per capita” consumption increase. This increase could be a tendency associated to an excessive consumption, that by wastefulness or a surplus in the products supply, probably added to the inadequate control of these elements in the products. The found average relation BOD/QOD was 0.6 ± 0.17mg/l. The relation BOD/QOD was 2.3±0.7mg/l, having reached in some samples a value higher than 4:1, which value is the background to indicate the necessity of introduction of pre-treatment system (FEEMA, NT-205) as an indicative to control a non-biodegradable organic load, to be thrown in the sewerage system, by an industrial polluter activity. This tendency must be considerate in order to search control lines to be applied in domestic sewers, foreseeing further future changes. The industrial load, can be properly controlled for d’ont pollute the environment or give rise to public costs, with contests unforeseen loads for the ETE’s. The control of a diffuse load - domestic sewer - composed of the most varied household, cosmetics and hygienic products, will demand, in the near future, other lines of control, to the effect of do not reach values that could compromise the municipal sewers treatment and the environment.

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