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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Avalia??o de m?todos de amostragem de indiv?duos adultos de pequi.

Bruzinga, Josiane Silva January 2012 (has links)
Submitted by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-01-23T14:01:52Z No. of bitstreams: 5 10.pdf: 6025539 bytes, checksum: b46ef6243b357f2a25f6c1410eb8eb6b (MD5) license_url: 52 bytes, checksum: 3d480ae6c91e310daba2020f8787d6f9 (MD5) license_text: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) license.txt: 2109 bytes, checksum: aa477231e840f304454a16eb85a9235f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-01-23T17:48:53Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 5 10.pdf: 6025539 bytes, checksum: b46ef6243b357f2a25f6c1410eb8eb6b (MD5) license_url: 52 bytes, checksum: 3d480ae6c91e310daba2020f8787d6f9 (MD5) license_text: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) license.txt: 2109 bytes, checksum: aa477231e840f304454a16eb85a9235f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-01-23T17:48:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 5 10.pdf: 6025539 bytes, checksum: b46ef6243b357f2a25f6c1410eb8eb6b (MD5) license_url: 52 bytes, checksum: 3d480ae6c91e310daba2020f8787d6f9 (MD5) license_text: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) license.txt: 2109 bytes, checksum: aa477231e840f304454a16eb85a9235f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG) / O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a efici?ncia de m?todos de amostragem para quantifica??o de indiv?duos de Caryocar brasiliensis Camb. (Pequi). A hip?tese ? que o m?todo da amostragem adaptativa cluster, seja mais eficiente na quantifica??o da densidade, do que os m?todos que n?o contemplam o padr?o de distribui??o espacial da esp?cie. Foi feito um censo dos indiv?duos adultos de pequi em uma ?rea de cerrado de 36,5 ha no Parque Estadual do Rio Preto/MG, e elaborada uma metodologia de invent?rio de prospec??o para popula??es em ?reas de formato irregular. Foram mapeados todos os indiv?duos que a 0,30 cm de altura apresentavam di?metro ? 5 cm. Para an?lise da estrutura diam?trica foram testadas as fun??es Gamma, Gamma 3p, SB de Johnson, Log-Normal, Weibull e Exponencial. E posteriormente empregado a fun??o univariada K de Ripley K(h), para verifica??o do padr?o. Constatado o padr?o agregado de distribui??o, dividiu-se o mapa em unidades de 20 ? 20 m e unidades de 20 ? 50 m, onde foram testados os diferentes procedimentos de amostragem, ora usando parcelas de 20 ? 20 m ora parcelas de 20 ? 50 m. Foram avaliados 70 procedimentos, resultado da combina??o entre tamanho de parcela; m?todo de amostragem (Amostragem Adaptativa Cluster, Amostragem Casual Simples e Amostragem Sistem?tica) e intensidade amostral. A compara??o entre eles foi feita atrav?s da an?lise da precis?o e exatid?o obtidas da m?dia das 30 simula??es de cada procedimento. N?o foi poss?vel destacar nenhum m?todo como o mais eficiente, visto que a diferen?a nas estimativas da precis?o e exatid?o entre eles foi m?nima. Rejeitando a hip?tese inicial de que a AAC seria mais eficiente na quantifica??o do pequi dos que os m?todos tradicionais. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Ci?ncia Florestal, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2012. / ABSTRACT The?aim of this study?was to evaluate?the efficiency?of sampling methods?for the quantification of?individuals?Caryocar?brasiliensis Camb.?(Pequi).?The hypothesis is?that the method of?adaptive sampling?cluster,?is?more effective?in quantifying?the density?of?the methods?that avoid the?spatial distribution pattern?of the species. We conducted a?census of?adult?pequi?in?a savannah area?of 36.5 ha?in the Parque Estadual?do Rio Preto?/?MG, and?developed?a methodology of?prospecting?for populations?in areas?of irregular shape.?We?mapped?all?individuals who?had a?30?cm?diameter ??5 cm.?For?analysis of the?diameter structure?were tested?functions Gamma,?Gamma?3p,?SB?Johnson, Log-Normal,?Weibull?and Exponential.?And?then?employed the?univariate?Ripley's K?function?K(h) to check?the pattern.?Found?the aggregate pattern?of distribution, we divided?the map?in units of?20?? 20 m?units?of 20 ? 50?m was?tested?different?sampling procedures,?either using?plots of 20???20?m?plots?either?20 ??50?m.?We evaluated 70?procedures, resulting from the?combination of?plot size,?sampling method (Adaptive?Cluster?Sampling,?Simple Random Sampling and Systematic Sampling) and?sampling intensity.?The comparison?was made?between them?through the analysis?precision and accuracy?of the?obtained?average?of?30?simulations?of each procedure.?It was not possible?any?method such as?more efficient,?since the?difference in?precision and accuracy?of the?estimates?between them?isminimal.?Rejecting?the initial hypothesis?that the?AAC?would be more efficient?in the quantification of?the?pequi?than traditional methods.
2

A Descentraliza??o Florestal no Senegal: Impactos Socioecon?micos e Ecol?gicos. / Forestry Decentralization in Senegal: Socioeconomical e Ecological Impacts.

Ndiaye, Marie Therese Yaba 21 August 2008 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:13:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2008 Marie Therese Yaba Ndiaye.pdf: 7814625 bytes, checksum: d4eab4a0a17148cd52fe0a71238c8c15 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-08-21 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / In 1998 Senegal passed laws that transferred authority over the management of forests to local communities. This dissertation studies the impact of this decentralization on the health of the Samba Dia and Sambande forests and the livelihoods of forest-dependent populations. I use this analysis to reflect on the broader question of the impact of decentralization on conservation and poverty alleviation. I employ temporal and spatial modes of comparison in this study with qualitative research methods. Decentalization has contained forest degradation in both areas. But while people in Samband? forest report benefits to all from the forest, in Keur Samba Dia members of one village report benefits while others decry a reduction in their benefits from the forest. I argue that the transfer of authority from a largely absent and incapable state to well-organized and knowledgeable local communities account for the containment of environmental degradation in both forests. But while the uniform use of the forest by community members has helped people in Samband? solve distributive conflicts and so universally benefit from the forest, a significant divergence in how the two villages in Keur Samba Dia exploit the forest has worsened distributive conflicts allowing the more powerful people of Yayem to benefit more but exclude the less powerful people of Samba Diallo from these new benefits. The impact of decentralization on poverty alleviation and forest health is mediated by important local factors and we should not expect it to have good effects in all areas in which it is pursued. / A descentraliza??o florestal no Senegal constitui o tema desta pesquisa. Em 1998, o Senegal promoveu novas leis florestais que transferiam as compet?ncias de gest?o das florestas para as comunidades rurais, para frear a pobreza e a degrada??o ambiental. Neste contexto, a tese investiga os impactos destas reformas nas vidas das popula??es e nas florestas. A tese tentou lidar com as duas perguntas, se ap?s a descentraliza??o: - as popula??es locais seriam capazes de manejar efetivemente as florestas e o manejo florestal comunit?rio participaria na redu??o da pobreza rural. Fiz um estudo com varia??o espacial e temporal, comparando duas florestas: Keur Samba Dia e Samband? durante dois per?odos diferentes: antes e ap?s a descentraliza??o. Antes de 1998, a gest?o das duas florestas estava sob a responsabilidade do Servi?o Florestal Nacional. Depois de 1998, as comunidades rurais se tornaram as novas autoridades na floresta Samband? enquanto que a floresta Keur Samba Dia permaneceu sob um sistema de co-manejo entre as comunidades rurais e o Estado. A pesquisa deparou com o fato de que, em ambas as florestas, os impactos ecol?gicos da descentraliza??o foram positivos, pois houve uma regenera??o florestal. Todavia, os impactos econ?micos resultantes da descentraliza??o, foram diferentes de uma floresta para outra. Na floresta de Samband?, todos os vilarejos foram beneficiados pela descentraliza??o, enquanto que na floresta de Keur Samba Dia, um vilarejo se sentiu mais prejudicado do que o outro. Estes resultados nos informam, que a participa??o popular foi ben?fica ? sa?de das florestas, mas n?o foi suficiente para que as popula??es se aproveitassem economicamente de uma floresta regenerada. A distribui??o eq?itativa, dos benef?cios econ?micos da descentraliza??o, ? mediada pela uniformidade ou formas conflituosos do uso florestal e por fatores s?cio - hist?ricos.

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