Les établissements scolaires publics reçoivent, pour la plupart, des directives de l’Etat pour assurer leur bon fonctionnement et leur pérennité. Pour les établissements scolaires privés (ESP), leurs actions se concentrent en général sur la qualité de l’enseignement et sur les aspects purement pédagogiques afin de se démarquer de leurs concurrents du secteur privé et du secteur public. Dans un environnement où toute organisation, qu’elle soit ou non à but lucratif, doit faire face à des défis économiques, technologiques, sociaux et de développement, la qualité de l’enseignement à elle seule ne suffit pas à développer les performances existantes des ESP.La thèse montre l’intérêt du Management Socio-économique pour donner un nouvel élan aux ESP, dont la performance managériale globale assurera le bon fonctionnement et la pérennité. / Public schools receive, for the most of them, state guidelines to ensure proper operation and sustainability. For private schools, their actions tend to focus on the quality of education and purely educational aspects to differentiate themselves from their competitors and the public sector. In an environment where any school organization, whether for-profit or not, is faced with economic, technological and social challenges, the quality of education alone does not seem to be sufficient to guarantee its proper functioning And its survival development.The importance of managing other aspects of the structure together with the pedagogical aspect is then obvious. Therefore, school manager must be good at managing social and economical aspects of their schools. Nowing that the quality of the management sets the level of the performance of the organisation, we propose to bring solutions that have proved themselves in other cultural contexts in order to professionalize school managersThis thesis shows the interest or the need to introduce socio-economic management (MSE) to give new impetus to private schools. In fact, improving the overall performance of a structure is an evidence of its good functioning, a guarantee of its durability. It will take a co-constructing, process with the actors, to shape a management model, that will fit the cultural and structural variables of private schools in Benin in order to guarantee their overall performance.