Background and objectives: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of death among women both nationally and internationally. Despite increased knowledge regarding CAD in women, early diagnosis remains a difficult clinical task. A correlation between peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and CAD has been noted in previous research; however, these studies were either retrospective or did not focus on women. This research investigates the correlation of ankle brachial index (ABI), measurements used to diagnose PAD, and presence of CAD in women, in an effort to determine the predictive value of ABI specifically in women. Subjects and methods: A prospective correlation design was used to study women (n = 30) who were undergoing a diagnostic cardiac catheterization. Ankle brachial index readings were obtained prior to the catheterization procedure. Catheterization findings were grouped according to absence of CAD or presence of 1-vessel or multivessel CAD and coupled with each woman's ABI and recorded cardiovascular risk factors. Results: Peripheral arterial disease (based on ABI of <0.90 mm Hg) was found in 13.3% of the women. A significant correlation was found between ABI of less than 0.90 mm Hg and increasing age (t = -2.30, P =.029). Coronary artery disease was found in 82.1% of the women; more than half (57.1%) had multivessel disease. Absence of CAD was noted in 17.9%. Women with CAD were older than women without CAD (F = 3.86, P =.035). No significant differences were found between presence or absence of PAD based on ABI and diagnosis of no coronary disease or 1-vessel or multivessel coronary disease. Conclusions: This study failed to show the expected correlation between ABI of less than 0.90 mm Hg and CAD, but did show a significant correlation of age with presence of both PAD and CAD. Further research that focuses specifically on women is needed and should include a larger sample, additional unique cardiovascular risk factors, and innovative diagnostic tests to determine presence of CAD in women early in the disease process.

The increase of population results in more housing buildings and infrastructure, which increases the need for stable concrete structures that can safely accommodate people. In countries like Sweden, where temperatures are below zero for several months a year, housing construction cannot come to a halt. If a concrete structure is exposed to low temperatures, the phenomenon of early freezing can occur. This can damage the structure when forms are removed. To ensure that forms can be removed at the right time without causing damage, various methods have been developed by the industry, such as the prediction tool HETT 22. This program uses mathematical models to estimate when a safe form removal can be performed, considering factors such as concrete composition and surrounding conditions during casting and curing. A comparative study was conducted between obtained measurement data from two different building projects and simulations in the software. The results of wall simulations with HETT 22 were positive and show that the program can predict with good accuracy when the removal of formwork can be performed. However, the results from the floor slab simulations were indeterminate due to lack of documentation of infrared heating, making it difficult to draw a suitable conclusion about HETT 22:s capacity for floor slab simulations.