This thesis is a part of a bigger research vision called Progress which aims at providing component based techniques for the development of realtime embedded systems. It starts research of the runtime structures of the Progress component model. The thesis aims at identifying necessary questions about the internal structure of virtual nodes and about the supporting mechanisms needed to run virtual nodes on destination hardware. A part of this thesis is also a sample implementation of the virtual node runtime environment covering local and Ethernet communication, event driven andtimer driven tasks, and multiple computational nodes. / Progress

Competencer wants to be sure users experience their web product as it was designed. With the help of tools for end-to-end user testing, interactions based on what a user would do is simulated to test potential situations. This thesis work is targeting four areas of end-to-end user testing with a major focus on making it automatic. A study is conducted on test case methods to gain an understanding of how to approach writing tests. A coverage tool is researched and built to present a measure of what is being tested of the product. To ease the use for developers a solution for continuous integration is looked at. To make tests more automatic a way to build mocks through automation is implemented. These areas combined with the background of Competencers application architecture creates a foundation for replacing manual testing sessions with automatic ones.

Web applications play an important role for many business purpose activities in the modernworld. It has become a platform for the companies to fulfil the needs of their business. In thissituation, Web technologies that are useful in developing these kinds of applications become animportant aspect. Many Web technologies like Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP), Active ServerPages (ASP.NET), Cold Fusion Markup Language (CFML), Java, Python, and Ruby on Rails areavailable in the market. All these technologies are useful to achieve the goals of Clients andbusiness organizations. ASP.NET and PHP are the most competing out of all the technologies.Most of the companies and developers think that one is better than other. The main aim of thisthesis is done by taking this point in to the consideration. A Photo Gallery application isdeveloped using ASP.NET and PHP in order to compare the two Web development technologies.Many points are taken in to consideration in order to differentiate them and conclude which oneis the better among the two technologies.

Under våren 2012 har vi utvecklat en IT-lösning åt simulatorcentralen på Saab Aeronautics i Tannefors, Linköping. Saab har en lång historia av att utveckla och tillverka flygplan med tillhörande stödsystem, bland annat Jas Gripen. De simulatorer som finns används dels för utveckling av nya mjukvaror åt flygplanen samt dels för utbildning och övning för piloter. Projektet har utförts som en del av vårt examensarbete från utbildningsprogrammet Innovativ Programmering vid Linköpings universitet. Projektet har utförts av fyra personer, där arbetet har fördelats över två stycken examensarbeten för att separera arbetet och ansvaret så mycket som möjligt. Vi delade upp arbetet så att vår grupp gjorde det bakomliggande systemet med logik, datalagring och alla funktioner. Samtidigt gjorde den parallella gruppen ett grafiskt gränssnitt i form av en websida för att använda dessa funktioner. Denna rapport beskriver det arbete som gjordes av Jesper Larsson och André Teintang. Det kan alltså även vara av intresse att se den andra gruppens rapport med Gustav Hjortsparre och Han Lin Yap som författare. Målet med vårt arbete var att bygga en uppsättning verktyg för att hantera bokningar och hantering av de simulatorer som används på Saab. Detta inkluderar gränssnitt för användaren att boka simulatorer, extra utrustning, externa piloter samt hantera de bokningar som redan gjorts. Samtidigt behövs det också verktyg för administratörerna och operatörerna som arbetar med simulatorerna för att göra uppföljningar, planera underhåll, installera extra utrustning och schemalägga personal. Dessutom ska verktygen generera fakturor för att ta betalt för den bokade utrustningen, skicka e-post med påminnelser med mera. Denna rapport går igenom den information man behöver känna till och tänka på när man designar ett bakomliggande system som andra sedan kommer att bygga en applikation ovanpå. Samtidigt som man försöker möjliggöra andra utvecklare att bygga ut systemet i framtiden. Vi förklarar dessutom de designövervägande vi behövde göra, vad vi beslutade, och vad resultatet av dessa blev.

The electronics in automotive systems give great possibilities. It has contributed to environmental improvements through reduced emissions and reduced fuel consumption, safety, driver assistance, and quality through better diagnostic capabilities. Automotive systems are today distributed embedded systems that consist of several nodes that communicate with each other. The increasing possibilities have led to a situation where functions that used to be stand-alone, are today dependent on several inter-connected systems which all contribute to the desired functionality. This has increased the costs and the complexity to deal with the systems. The automotive industry is adopting a new open software architecture, called AUTOSAR, that is intended to reduce the complexity. AUTOSAR also gives possibilities for coping with large product ranges and for component sharing. The introduction of AUTOSAR is an example of an architecture change without modifying the external functionality. We have chosen to call such changes system refactoring. However, if the introduction of AUTOSAR is not successfully performed, there are risks for delayed development projects, which are costly for the automotive companies. Unfortunately, existing engineering standards and literature focus mostly on new product development and less on system re-factoring, and this gap needs to be filled. The goal of this research is to provide guidelines for refactoring, which provides support throughout the complete process of system architects in efforts to refactor the system. This thesis identifies the characteristics of refactoring processes. This is done by empirical studies of the drivers behind refactoring, the effects we can expect from refactoring, and the process activities and characteristics. The result can be used to create guidelines for improving the work of refactoring.

Over the last few decades, the needs of computational power and data storage by collaborative, distributed scientific communities have increased very rapidly. Distributed computing infrastructures such as computing and storage grids provide means to connect geographically distributed resources and helps in addressing the needs of these communities. Much progress has been made in developing and operating grids, but several issues still need further attention. This thesis discusses three different aspects of managing large-scale scientific applications in grids: • Using large-scale scientific applications is often in itself a complex task, and to set them up and run experiments in a distributed environment adds another level of complexity. It is important to design general purpose and application specific frameworks that enhance the overall productivity for the scientists. The thesis present further development of a general purpose framework where existing portal technology is combined with tools for robust and middleware independent job management. Also, a pilot implementation of a domain-specific problem solving environment based on a grid-enabled R solution is presented. • Many current and future applications will need large-scale storage systems. Centralized systems are eventually not scalable enough to handle huge data volumes and also have can have additional problems with security and availability. An alternative is a reliable and efficient distributed storage system. In the thesis the architecture of a self-healing, grid-aware distributed storage cloud, Chelonia, is described and performance results for a pilot implementation are presented. • In a distributed computing infrastructure it is very important to manage and utilize the available resources efficiently. The thesis presents a review of different resource brokering techniques and how they are implemented in different production level middlewares. Also, a modified resource allocation model for the Advanced Resource Connector (ARC) middleware is described and performance experiments are presented. / eSSENCE

Usability Supporting Architectural Patterns (USAP) has already introduced a concept in software architecture for coping usability issues in better style and revealing its obscured dimensions. A support is also needed to develop the safety systems in such a way that they employ the same rules and get a better understanding of safety, its requirements and the architecture. A way to determine safety requirements from the patterns and working with the responsibilities of patterns was the aim for this thesis report. On the other hand, a useful tool with the name “ArchWiz” was to be developed further from its prototypical form-an assisting tool for architects to look for requirements and evaluation of their architecture. The mature development of ArchWiz tool, and incorporating the safety perspective with respect to USAP vogue was also the goal of the thesis. In a development process, architecture designing is a crucial and vital part of software system. During architecture designing process very first decisions and information are gained to validate if the system has the potential to meet its requirements and intended behaviours. Along with other important quality attributes, safety architecture has played an important role in developing today’s critical software and automated systems. These safety issues especially in software architecture are to protect, recover, discover and mitigate the hazards, faults, failures and catastrophic perils. The deficiency and obscurity of these inherent dangers can be reduced by understanding the safety in general and analysing its requirements from unseen perspectives. Later, these requirements can be traced into the architecture of a similar system as a knowledge base or experience gained. Architectural patterns and their investigation in safety provide a broad horizon for requirement and solution in various aspects. They help to bring out the requirements in refined way and in general manners too. The report, therefore, presents the suggestion to formalize the suggestions in safety with respect to requirement engineering in architectural context as well as reusable solution for these issues; alike in USAP style. / ArchWiz, USAP

Paramount Salt Handicraft A wholesale Himalayan salt company was previously doing business in traditional way and was limited only to the local market. However from the start day management was planning to expand the business to more locations and to attract more customers. So to expand the business and to attract the international customers and customers from other cities of Sweden it was necessary to make it available over the internet so that customers can easily get knowledge about the company’s products and purchase them. So the need of an online web shop was realized to bring the company’s plan into reality. The online shop will be act as a medium of interaction between the customers and the company and it will enable the customers to buy products online and make payments electronically and after that the products will delivered to them. Throughout the process the customers can easily track the overall status of their orders.

In software engineering there are methods for estimating the required effort for software development. Examples of such techniques are COCOMO (Constructive Cost Model) and FPA (function point analysis). However, these techniques cannot be used to estimate the required effort in carrying out testing. In this report I propose a framework or model based on previous scientific work regarding testing that seeks to merge the efforts needed in executing test cases and that of the required planning and related preliminary work to acquire test effort evaluation for a generic industrial application. In this proposed framework I compute the test execution effort from the complexity of test cases based upon the specification and this result would be used together with figures of the test planning effort to achieve our results. This method of estimating effort shows the amount of time, in man hours and the capacity of the testing team. Time begins when the test analyst starts analyzing specific requirements organizing them into different test levels and roles, the summation of times spent from this time up to the moment that a complete, debugged test script is developed and executed at least once for all requirements. Background work in this thesis gravitates around metrics popularly used in the industry regarding testing and also in software development effort.

A self-adaptive system aims at anticipating changes which occur in a complex environment and automatically deal with them at run time. Although a lot of work has been done on self-adaptive systems over the past decade but researchers have lack of knowledge on how the research results have contributed in improving of complex software systems. In addition, no systematic study has been performed so far on the claims along with the evidences associated with self-adaption. The concrete objectives of this thesis are to: (1)  assess the quality of current research in self-adaptive systems (2)  identify the focus of the research (3) what the expected claims are of self-adaption and to what extent these claimed benefits exist and (4) identify potential areas for future work in the field. For this purpose, various categories of 73 papers pertaining to SEAMS (2008-2010) were studied to obtain data related to 20 different items and after the concerted efforts, some research questions were framed for the collection of data.  The study description criterion were modified on the basis of results obtained out of the collected data from time to time which helped to modify the performance cycle through a continuous monitoring, resulting in to produce the accurate results at the end. This approach also enables the researcher how critically the papers can be studied/analyzed and how systematically the required data has been extracted from the papers through research questions and data items. The extracted data was then subsequently used to achieve all above mentioned objectives.       Numerous limitations during the study like observation of changed results due to human intervention or in case of conflict of opinions were faced. Secondly, this existing approach only dealt with SEAMS community and the results obtained from the extracted data may be different in case of dealing with other software engineering communities like ICAC (International Conference on Autonomic Computing) and SASO (Self-Adaptive and Self-Organizing), which would be taken as a challenge for future work.