Orientador: José Júlio Gavião de Almeida / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação Física / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T10:13:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Bredariol_Bruna_M.pdf: 3245535 bytes, checksum: 249bb52360d72f09df90a851c26af1f3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: Atualmente a natação, diante de suas possibilidades de prática em relação às diferentes formas de manifestação (da iniciação ao alto rendimento), é considerada como um dos esportes mais difundidos e praticados no mundo todo. No entanto, nota-se que este fenômeno não se estende com intensidade à população com deficiência, mesmo considerando o atual crescimento do esporte adaptado, devido, essencialmente, à sua divulgação através de eventos internacionais, como os Jogos Paralímpicos. Temos constatado que a natação ainda não pode ser considerada uma realidade efetiva para a população com deficiência visual em nosso país, embora seja possível elucidarmos que possuímos: 1- informações sobre os benefícios da prática de atividades aquáticas; 2- conhecimento sobre o desenvolvimento dos processos pedagógicos; 3- uma legalização que prevê o direito ao acesso a essas práticas pedagógicas e esportivas. Este trabalho tem como objetivo descrever o desenvolvimento e a estrutura de dois projetos regionais representativos na área e que se destacam e possuem repercussão nacional, voltados para a natação para as pessoas com deficiência. É preciso divulgar sobre a importância e a possibilidade de iniciativas esportivas que comtemplem as pessoas com deficiência visual na prática da natação, além de expor modelos que possam contribuir para o desenvolvimento de futuros estudos e projetos com esta mesma finalidade, já que, hoje, é imprescindível para uma condução crescente e favorável dessa prática. Para isto, foram aplicados dois questionários, sendo um para os representantes dos projetos, em duas cidades do Estado de São Paulo, Jundiaí e Indaiatuba, e o outro para as pessoas com deficiência visual que praticam a natação dentro destes mesmos projetos. A partir da análise qualitativa dos resultados, pudemos perceber que, apesar dos dois projetos apresentarem ótimos resultados na consolidação da prática da natação pelas pessoas com deficiência visual, tanto no plano da iniciação como no plano competitivo da natação adaptada, os objetivos de criação e as formas de desenvolvimento dos mesmos se deu de maneira totalmente diferenciada quando comparamos os dois Projetos dos diferentes municípios. Dessa forma, pode-se concluir que, de acordo com as características, as possibilidades e os objetivos de cada município, existem diferentes formas para o desenvolvimento de projetos de natação que envolvam as pessoas com deficiência, dentre elas a pessoa com deficiência visual, destacando aqui a importância dessa prática para o desenvolvimento, tanto no plano físico quanto nos planos psicológico, emocional, social e motivacional, deste indivíduo / Abstract: Swimming is currently considered, because of its possibilities of practice in relation with the different forms of manifestation (from initiation to high performance), one of the most widespread and practiced sports in the world. However, it is noted that this phenomenon does not extend with intensity to the population with disabilities, even considering the current growth of adapted sports, due mainly to its dissemination through international events, like the Paralympic Games. We have found that swimming cannot be considered an effective reality for people with visual disabilities in our country yet, although it is possible to prove that we have: 1- information about the benefits of practicing water activities; 2 - knowledge about the development of pedagogical processes; 3 - a legalization which foresees the right of access to these educational and sporting practices. The goal of this project is to describe the development and structure of two representative regional projects in the area that stand out and have nationwide repercussions, aiming at swimming for people with disabilities. It is necessary to disclose the importance and the possibility of sports initiatives that contemplate people with visual impairments in swimming practices, in addition to exposing models that can contribute to the development of future studies and projects with this same purpose, seeing as today it is essential for a growing and favorable conduction of this practice. To that end, two questionnaires were applied, one to the representatives of the projects in the cities of Jundiai - SP and Indaiatuba - SP, and the other for people with visual impairments who practice swimming within these same projects. From the qualitative analysis of the results, we realized that despite the two projects present excellent results in the consolidation of the swimming practice by the people with visual disabilities, both in the plan of initiation as well as in the competitive plan of adapted swimming, the goals of creation and the forms of their development took place in a completely different way when comparing the two projects of the different municipalities. Thus, it is concluded that, according to the characteristics, the possibilities and objectives of each municipality, there are different ways to develop swimming projects that involve people with disabilities, among them the visually impaired person, highlighting here the importance of this practice for the development of the physical, psychological, emotional, social and motivational plans of this individual / Mestrado / Atividade Fisica Adaptada / Mestra em Educação Física

Transportinfrastruktur har en samhällsbärande nyckelfunktion eftersom de flesta av oss nyttjar någon form av transport dagligen. För transportinfrastrukturprojekt i den offentliga sektorn behöver flera aspekter vägas in och är i allmänhet tids- och resurskrävande och förbrukar betydande ekonomiska resurser via allmänna skattemedel. I syfte att få stabilitet i projekt under hela projektprocessen och att nå projektmål och öka effektiviteten, används projektmodeller. Samtidigt upplevs införande och användande av en projektmodell inte alltid ge önskad effekt för projektverksamheten. Projektmodeller är komplexa och kräver förankring, ledning och projektmedarbetares kunskap och kompetens för att kunna tillämpas och användas på rätt sätt.  Syftet med denna studie är att skapa förståelse om och i vilken utsträckning projektmodeller används i den offentliga sektorns transportinfrastrukturprojekt, och hur detta upplevs att påverka projektets måluppfyllelse och effektivitet. En kvalitativ studie har genomförts och primärdata har samlats in genom semistrukturerade intervjuer.  I studien har det framkommit att användande av projektmodeller för infrastrukturprojekt inom olika organisationer i den offentliga sektorn varierar. Det finns komplexitet i anpassning och modifiering av projektmodeller till en organisationsspecifik version och strategi, samt svårighet i att anpassa en universell projektmodell till alla olika projekt. Studien utgör ett bra exempel på fenomenet i offentlig sektor, att driva transportinfrastrukturprojekt utan projektmodell, eller driva projekt med magkänsla, till att tillämpa styrmedel i form av en projektmodell. Samband mellan användande av projektmodell och respondenternas upplevelse av projektmåluppfyllelse och att nå inre effektivitet finns utifrån denna studie. Däremot saknas starkt samband mellan användande av projektmodell och projekteffektmåluppfyllelse samt att nå yttre effektivitet. Projektmodeller upplevs kunna bidra till projektorganisationen med att utveckla ett gemensamt projektspråk, en kultur av öppen kommunikation med intressenter och en förståelse för de kritiska projektrelaterade faserna. Projektmodeller har fördelarna som styrning och standardisering, minskad risk för projektmisslyckande, ökad produktivitet, förbättrad kvalitet och förbättrad kommunikation, med en betoning på projekts inre effektivitet. Användande av projektmodeller upplevs hjälpa till att nå projektmålet och därmed ökar automatiskt chansen att nå effektmål och yttre effektivitet, under förutsättning att det är rätt projekt som har beställts. / The purpose of this study is to get an understanding of whether and to what extent project models are used in the public sector for transport infrastructure projects, and how this is perceived to affect the project’s objective fulfillment, goal fulfillment, efficiency and effectiveness. A qualitative study has been conducted and primary data have been collected through semi-structured interviews. The study has shown that the use of project models for infrastructure projects within different organizations in the public sector varies. It is perceived there is a connection between the use of the project model and project goal fulfillment and achieving efficiency. On the other hand, it is perceived there is a lack of strong connection between the use of a project model and project objective fulfillment and achieving effectiveness. Project models are perceived to be able to contribute to the project organization by developing a common project language, a culture of open communication with stakeholders and an understanding of the critical project related phases. Project models have the benefits of control and standardization, reduced risk of project failure, increased productivity, improved quality and improved communication, with an emphasis on project efficiency. The use of project models is perceived to help achieve the project goal and thus automatically increases the chance of achieving project objective and effectiveness, provided that it is the right project that has been ordered in the beginning.

The diploma thesis „Comparison of situation in the area of PPP project with foreign countries“ is an analysis of the issues connected with realization of projects. Part of diploma thesis is a brief description of problems themselves, their pluses and minuses for which the PPP projects are not widely used and the characteristic of various institutions involved in public private partnership. Part of the work is also a short quetionnaire.

As a result of increase in global average surface temperature, abnormalities in different hydroclimatic components such as evapotranspiration, stream flow and precipitation have been experienced. So investigation has to be carried out to assess the hidden abnormality subsisting in the hydroclimatological time series in the form of trend. This thesis broadly consists of following four parts. The first part comprises of a detailed review of various trend detection approaches. Approaches incorporating the effect of serial correlation for trend detection and interesting developments concerning various non parametric approaches are focused explicitly. Recent trends in annual, monthly, and seasonl (winter, pre-monsoon, monsoon and post-monsoon) Tmax and Tmin have been analyzed considering three time slots viz. 1901-2003, 1948-2003 and 1970-2003. For this purpose, time series of Tmax and Tmin of India as a whole and for seven homogeneous regions, viz. Western Himalaya (WH), Northwest (NW), Northeast (NE), North Central (NC), East coast (EC), West coast (WC) and Interior Peninsula (IP) were originally considered. During the last three decades significant upward trend in Tmin is found to be present in all regions considered either at annual or seasonal level. Sequential Mann Kendall test revealed that most of the significant upward trends both in Tmax and Tmin began after 1970. The second part discusses about numerous climate models from both Coupled Model Inter comparison Project-5 and 3 (i.e. CMIP5, CMIP3) and their skills in simulating Indian climate and assessing their performance using various evaluation measures. Performances of climate models were evaluated for whole of India and over all the individual grid points covering India. The newly defined metric symbolized as Skill_All is an intersection of the three metrics i.e. Skill_r, Skill_s and Skill_rmse, is used for overall model evaluation analysis. A notable enhancement of Skill_All for CMIP5 over CMIP3 was found. After overall model evaluation study, Compromise Programming, a distance based decision making technique, was employed to rank the GCMs gridwise. Entropy method was employed to obtain weights of the chosen indicators. Group decision making methodology was used to arrive at a consensus based on the ranking pattern obtained by individual grid points. In the third part, a detailed detection and attribution (D&A) analysis is performed to determine the causes of changes in seasonal Tmax and Tmin during the period 1950-2005. This formal D&A exercise helps in providing better insight (than trend detection analysis) into the nature of the observed seasonal temperature changes. It was noticed that the emergence of observed trend was more pronounced in Tmin compared to Tmax. Although observed changes were not solely associated with one specific causative factor, most of the changes in Tmin are above the bounds of natural internal climate variability. Finally in the fourth part, to understand the climate change impact on the hydrological cycle, a spatiotemporal change detection study of potential evapotranspiration (PET) along with Tmax and Tmin over India has been performed. Climatology patterns for PET confirmed a greater PET rate during the month of March, April, May and June. A significant increasing trend in both Tmax and Tmin (Tmin being more) was observed in more number of grid points compared to PET. Significant positive trends in Tmax, Tmin and PET were observed over most of the grid points in the IP region. Heterogeneities existed in the spatiotemporal variability of PET over all India. This spatio-temporal change detection study would be helpful for present and future water resources management.