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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

A variaÃÃo do TE/LHE em cartas pessoais de cearenses no sÃculo XX / The TE/LHE variability in personal letters written by people from CearÃ, Brazil, in the 20th. Century

Francisco Jardes Nobre AraÃjo 31 March 2014 (has links)
FundaÃÃo de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Cearà / A variaÃÃo linguÃstica à um fenÃmeno universal que atinge todos os nÃveis da gramÃtica (CAMACHO, 2011). Em muitas lÃnguas, a classe dos pronomes, especialmente a dos chamados pronomes pessoais, à a que sofre mais variaÃÃo e a que mais se reorganiza dentro do sistema (MONTEIRO, 1994), embora esta costume ser constituÃda por um nÃmero relativamente pequeno de itens gramaticais, formando um inventÃrio fechado. Dentre as pessoas do discurso, à a 2 a que mais tem sido codificada de maneira variada, nÃo sà na lÃngua portuguesa, como em diversas outras lÃnguas indo-europeias, nas quais hà um sistema dual de pronomes para a 2 PESS.: as formas T e as formas V (derivadas, respectivamente, do uso do "tu" e do "vos" latinos) â as primeiras sÃo de uso familiar ou informal, enquanto as outras denotam polidez e distanciamento. A partir da terceira dÃcada do sÃculo XX, com o uso de "vocÃ" (forma V) em variaÃÃo com "tu" (forma T), todo o quadro pronominal da lÃngua, incluindo os possessivos de 2 PESS, passou a sofrer variaÃÃo. Partindo do pressuposto defendido pela SociolinguÃstica Variacionista, sobretudo com Labov (1978; 1983; 1994; 2008), de que a variaÃÃo linguÃstica se dà motivada tanto por fatores internos quanto externos ao sistema, o presente trabalho busca analisar a variaÃÃo das formas "te" e "lhe" como pronomes de 2 PESS. SING., tanto na funÃÃo de acusativo, quanto na de dativo, no portuguÃs brasileiro escrito do sÃculo XX. Para isso, utiliza uma amostra de 186 cartas pessoais escritas entre 1940 e 2000, obtidas numa busca entre os habitantes do municÃpio de QuixadÃ, no SertÃo Central cearense. As cartas coletadas sÃo de pessoas do povo, isto Ã, nÃo de profissionais da linguagem, tendo sido trocadas entre amigos ou parentes. Como metodologia, estratifica a amostra em trÃs perÃodos do sÃculo XX nos quais as cartas foram escritas (anos 1940-50, anos 1960-70 e anos 1980-90) e por gÃnero da autoria (cartas de homens e cartas de mulheres) e submete os dados ao programa computacional GoldVarb X para obter dados estatÃsticos e interpreta esses dados à luz das teorias da SociolinguÃstica Variacionista. Os resultados da pesquisa demonstraram que a variaÃÃo das formas pronominais "te"/"lhe" à condicionada por fatores linguÃsticos, como a forma do verbo, a posiÃÃo do pronome e a presenÃa de forma V antes de "te" ou "lhe", e que, apesar de mais frequente do que o uso de "te", o uso de "lhe" sofreu declÃnio ao longo dos trÃs perÃodos de tempo analisados. / The linguistic variation is a universal phenomenon that affects all levels of grammar (CAMACHO, 2011). In many languages, of all the word classes, the pronouns, especially the so-called personal pronouns, are more inclined to variation and to rearrangement in the system (MONTEIRO, 1994), although they use to be constituted by a relatively small number of grammatical items, restricted to a kind of closed inventory. The 2nd PERS SING is which more has been coded in a variant way, not only in the Portuguese language, as in many other Indo-European languages, in which there is a dual system of pronouns for 2nd PERS: the T-forms and the V-forms (derived, respectively, from the use of Latin "tu" and "vos") â the first are used both familiarly and informally, while others denote politeness and distance. From the third decade of the twentieth century, with the use of "vocÃ" (a V-form) in variation with "tu" (a T-form), the entire pronominal frame of the Portuguese language, including the 2nd PERS possessive, began to undergo change. Assuming the ideas defended by Variationist Sociolinguistics, especially with William Labov (1978, 1983, 1994, 2008), that the linguistic variation occurs motivated by factors both internal and external to the system, this work aims to analyze the variation of forms "te" and "lhe" as 2nd PERS SING, both in accusative and in dative function, in Brazilian Portuguese written in the twentieth century. It uses a sample of 186 personal letters written between 1940 and 2000, obtained in a search among the inhabitants of the town of QuixadÃ, in the middle of the state of CearÃ. The letters are collected from common people, that is, not from language professionals, having been exchanged between friends or relatives. As methodology, the sample was stratified into three periods of the twentieth century in which the letters were written (years 1940âs and 50âs, years 1960âs and 70âs, years 1980âs and 90âs) and gender of authorship (letters from men and letters from women) and submits the data to the computer program GoldVarb X in order to obtain statistical results and interpret these results in light of theories of Sociolinguistics Variationist. The survey results showed that variation of the pronoun forms "te"/"lhe" is conditioned by linguistic factors, such as the form of the verb, the position of the pronoun and the presence of a V-form before "te" or "lhe", and that, although "lhe" was more used than "te" in the letters, its use has declined over the three periods of time analyzed.

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