The aim of this PhD work is to elaborate using plasma spraying fine, dense, crack-free coatings of Yttria Stabilized Zirconia (YSZ) for SOFCs electrolyte. The experimental approach has been based on the increase velocities of particles in a molten state upon impact using three plasma spraying processes (Arc plasma spraying, vacuum plasma spraying and supersonic inductive plasma spraying) and powder with a fine granulometry (-25+5[micro]m). In-flight particles and lamellaes characterisations were carried out to study their influence onto deposit microstructure and the influence of the latter one on their porosity and ionic conductivity. Two kinds of microstructure function of spraying process were obtained thanks to the increase of particle velocities upon impact. Those specific microstructures lead to the increase of the number of good interlamellar contacts that allows benefiting ionic conductivity. So, in future, it will be possible to elaborate all the stack (anode-electrolyte-cathode) with the same plasma spraying process.