• Refine Query
  • Source
  • Publication year
  • to
  • Language
  • 2
  • Tagged with
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Avalia??o n?o destrutiva da qualidade da madeira e do fuste de ?rvores de Peltophorum dubium (Spreng.) Taub em ?rea de restaura??o florestal / Nondestructive evaluation of wood quality of the trunk of Peltophorum dubium (Spreng.) Taub in forest restoration area

Xavier, Carolina Nogueira 26 February 2016 (has links)
Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2017-01-10T10:40:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Carolina Nogueira Xavier.pdf: 2977795 bytes, checksum: 7d7e6ad986fb33192acb7c927801608e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-10T10:40:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Carolina Nogueira Xavier.pdf: 2977795 bytes, checksum: 7d7e6ad986fb33192acb7c927801608e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-26 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / This researh aimed to evaluate the quality of the wood of Peltophorum dubium (canaf?stula), obtained in forest restoration areas using non-destructive methods. The 18 individuals of canafistula studied are located in three different locations in the farm Santana do Monte Alegre, Descalvado/SP and were evaluated at 14 years of age. The following non-destructive methods for evaluating the quality of the wood in trees alive were used: densitometry X-ray - which analyzed the radial variation of wood density in micron levels; resistograph - for the assessment of the density of the tree and plant still in the field; and extensometer, used to verify the longitudinal residual strain (LRS). For the silvicultural analysis of the species was measured the CBH (circumference at breast height) and calculated the annual periodic increment in diameter. For qualitative analysis of the trunk, were observed and recorded the following characteristics: presence of fork, hollow timber and tortuosity of the trunk. It was also performed chemical analysis of soil in three different locations. It was found that the radial variation in density has increased in canaf?stula on pith to bark, showing the moderately high density of canaf?stula. The trees hasn?t the presence of internal hollow. The results of longitudinal residual strain showed that the species approached values found in Eucalyptus clones and showed significant and positive correlations with the DBH and the average annual diameter increment. The canasfistula trees showed good quality of the stem in 77,8% of subjects and regular in 22,2% of them, with capacity to produce straight stems with few bifurcations. In the three locations there was a statistical difference in relation to DBH and annual periodic increment in diameter, a fact related to the data of chemical analysis of soil. The site number 3 showed the largest DBH and increment in diameter, it has higher levels of calcium and magnesium, elements that are limiting to the growth of canaf?stula. A non-destructive methodology proved to be a fast tool field use and low cost, compared to traditional destructive methods. Therefore, the timber of canafistula among the studied technological properties, showed good quality for use in the lumber industry also presenting silvicultural characteristics which favor the use of the species for the timber, such as the development of upright stems and few forked, results that contribute to higher yields in the processing in lumber. Considering together all the features and properties studied, the species showed a great potential for the production and insertion in the timber sector / O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a qualidade da madeira das ?rvores de Peltophorum dubium (canaf?stula) obtida em ?rea de restaura??o florestal utilizando m?todos n?o destrutivos. Os 18 indiv?duos de canaf?stula estudados est?o localizados em tr?s diferentes s?tios na Fazenda Santana de Monte Alegre, Descalvado/SP, e foram avaliados aos 14 anos de idade. As seguintes metodologias n?o destrutivas foram utilizadas para avaliar a qualidade da madeira em ?rvores vivas: densitometria de raios X - que analisou a varia??o radial da densidade da madeira em n?veis microm?tricos; resistografia - para a avalia??o da densidade e fitossanidade da ?rvore ainda no campo; e extensometria, para avaliar a deforma??o residual longitudinal (DRL). Para a an?lise silvicultural da esp?cie foi mensurado o CAP (circunfer?ncia a altura do peito) e calculado o incremento diam?trico. Para a an?lise qualitativa do fuste, foram observadas e anotadas as seguintes caracter?sticas: presen?a de bifurca??o, ocos e tortuosidade do fuste. Foi ainda realizada a an?lise qu?mica do solo nos tr?s diferentes s?tios. Verificou-se que a varia??o radial da densidade da canaf?stula possui um aumento no sentido medula-casca, sendo a densidade da canaf?stula moderadamente alta. Em rela??o a fitossanidade nenhuma ?rvore apresentou ocos internos. Os resultados da deforma??o residual longitudinal mostraram que a esp?cie aproximou-se de valores encontrados em clones de Eucalyptus e apresentou correla??es significativas e positivas com o DAP e o incremento diam?trico m?dio anual. As ?rvores de canaf?stula apresentaram boa qualidade do fuste em 77,8% dos indiv?duos e regular em 22,2% deles, apresentando capacidade de produzir fustes retos e com poucas bifurca??es. Nos tr?s s?tios observou-se diferen?a estat?stica em rela??o ao DAP e ao incremento diam?trico, fato relacionado aos dados da an?lise qu?mica do solo. O s?tio 3 foi o que apresentou maiores DAP e incremento diam?trico, este possui maiores n?veis de Ca e Mg, elementos que s?o limitantes para o crescimento da canaf?stula. A metodologia n?o destrutiva mostrou-se uma ferramenta de r?pida utiliza??o no campo e de baixo custo, comparada ?s metodologias destrutivas tradicionais. Portanto, a madeira de canaf?stula, dentre as propriedades tecnol?gicas estudadas, demonstrou boa qualidade para o uso no setor madeireiro, apresentando tamb?m caracter?sticas silviculturais que propiciam o uso da esp?cie para a produ??o de madeira, como por exemplo, o desenvolvimento de fustes retos e poucos bifurcados, resultados que contribuem para maiores rendimentos na transforma??o em madeira serrada. Considerando em conjunto todas as caracter?sticas e propriedades estudadas, a esp?cie apresentou um ?timo potencial para a produ??o e inser??o no setor madeireiro.
2

An?lise n?o destrutiva da qualidade da madeira de Cedrela fissilis Vell. proveniente de restaura??o florestal no estado de S?o Paulo / Non-destructive analysis of wood quality of Cedrela fissilis Vell. from forest restoration in the state of S?o Paulo

SILVA, Carlos Eduardo Silveira 25 February 2016 (has links)
Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-06-26T17:45:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Carlos Eduardo Silveira da Silva.pdf: 2275226 bytes, checksum: 1bb83971b6d195e75d40ac71ec6e4b08 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-26T17:45:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Carlos Eduardo Silveira da Silva.pdf: 2275226 bytes, checksum: 1bb83971b6d195e75d40ac71ec6e4b08 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-25 / CAPES / The research was conducted at Fazenda Sant'Ana do Monte Alegre, located in the municipality of Descalvado, S?o Paulo and its objective was to evaluate the wood quality of cedro rosa through non-destructive analysis and relate their development to the practice of forest restoration. We selected 24 cedro rosa individuals with 14 years of age and these were divided into three diameter classes (trees with a diameter less than or equal to 10 cm, trees with diameter between 10 and 20 cm and trees with diameter greater than 20 cm). Dendrometric analyzes were performed, of resistograph, extensometry, tomography and with the material obtained by increasing auger, densitometry X-ray and an estimated basic density was performed. It is noteworthy that the tomography scan was performed on individuals with a diameter larger than 20 cm, with this statement made by the appliance manual and professionals. The results of the analysis showed dendrometric respectively the regular annual average increase of 0,598 cm in diameter, 0,264 m in height and 0,014 m3 in volume in three years. The basic density obtained average value of 466,96 kg/m3 and the apparent density to 15%, performed by densitometry X-rays of 528,5 kg/m3. The densitometry accurately estimated the age of individuals. The extensometer averaged 0,0438mm of the respective longitudinal residual strain value and the tomography showed a mean value of wave propagation of 539,72 m/s, emphasizing that only 2 samples had considered variation in the plant health status of wood. The resistograph averaged amplitudes (percentage resistance of the wood with respect to the apparatus drill penetration) showed 10,591% for the three diameter classes. However it showed the presence of significant difference between the diameter Class I to Class II and III, possibly due to increased hardness of the material, the presence of tension and heating the appliance stem. It can be concluded that the quality of wood species studied showed potential for the timber industry from non-destructive analyzes. The diameter classes had significant statistical difference only in resistografia. The non-destructive methodologies demonstrated that some may correlate with the other non-destructive analysis. This information may be employed to study physical, mechanical properties and for the development of native species without the use of destructive sampling. / A pesquisa foi realizada na Fazenda Sant?Ana do Monte Alegre, localizada no munic?pio de Descalvado, S?o Paulo e seu objetivo foi avaliar a qualidade da madeira do cedro-rosa atrav?s de an?lises n?o destrutivas e relacionar o seu desenvolvimento ? pr?tica de restaura??o florestal. Selecionaram-se 24 indiv?duos de cedro-rosa com 14 anos de idade e estes foram separados em 3 classes diam?tricas (?rvores com di?metro menor ou igual a 10 cm, ?rvores com di?metro entre 10 e 20 cm de e ?rvores com di?metro maior que 20 cm). Foram realizadas an?lises dendrom?tricas, de resistografia, de extensometria, tomografia e, com o material obtido atrav?s do trado de incremento, foi realizada a densitometria de raios X e a estimativa da densidade b?sica. Ressalta-se que a tomografia foi realizada nos indiv?duos com di?metro maiores que 20 cm, sendo esta indica??o realizada pelo manual do aparelho e por profissionais da ?rea. Os resultados da an?lise dendrom?trica apontaram respectivamente o incremento peri?dico anual m?dio de 0,598 cm no di?metro, 0,264 m na altura e 0,014 m3 no volume em 3 anos. A densidade b?sica obteve o valor m?dio de 466,96 kg/m3 e a densidade aparente a 15%, realizada atrav?s da microdensitometria de raios-X de 528,5 kg/m3. A microdensitometria estimou com precis?o a idade dos indiv?duos. A extensometria apresentou valor m?dio de 0,044 mm de deforma??o residual longitudinal (relacionada ? presen?a de tens?es de crescimento no fuste) e a tomografia apresentou valor m?dio de propaga??o de ondas de 539,72 m/s. Somente 2 indiv?duos apresentaram considerada varia??o no estado fitossanit?rio da madeira. A resistografia apresentou valor m?dio de amplitudes (resist?ncia percentual apresentada pela madeira em rela??o ? penetra??o da broca do aparelho) de 10,591% para as tr?s classes diam?tricas. Por?m evidenciou-se a presen?a de diferen?a estat?stica entre a classe diam?trica I para as classes II e III, possivelmente devido a aumento da dureza do material, presen?a de tens?es e aquecimento da haste do aparelho. Pode-se concluir que a qualidade da madeira da esp?cie estudada demonstrou potencial para a ind?stria madeireira a partir das an?lises n?o destrutivas realizadas. As classes diam?tricas obtiveram diferen?a estat?stica significativa somente na resistografia. As metodologias n?o destrutivas utilizadas demonstraram que algumas podem se correlacionar com as demais an?lises n?o destrutivas podendo ser empregadas para o estudo de propriedades f?sicas, mec?nicas e para o desenvolvimento de esp?cies florestais nativas sem a utiliza??o da amostragem destrutiva.

Page generated in 0.0936 seconds