No description available.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Massachusetts Amherst, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 256-261). Print copy also available.

1 Abstract Reasons for and legal forms of the restriction of land ownership rights The purpose of my thesis is to analyse the reasons for and the legal forms of the restriction of land ownership rights. Because the land ownership rights relate to both the private law and the public law, this theme is linked with almost all fields of our legal order. The thesis consists of four chapters. Chapter One is introductory and describes the content the paper is about. Chapter Two defines basic terminology used in the thesis: the proprietary rights, the land, the allotment, the real property and the proprietary rights to land. The chapter is subdivided into three parts. Part One describes proprietary right as one of the human right, which is protected by international conventions and the Declaration of basic rights and freedom. Part Two deals with the land specialities - such as the multifunctional character, the indispensableness, the limited extent, the impossibility of multiplication, the impossibility of placing the land elsewhere, the everlasting existence, the impossibility of consumption and the natural, not human origin. This part also explains other related legal concepts. Part Three discusses the land ownership rights and is subdivided into three sections, which provide the knowledge of object, subject and...

D.Cur. / Please refer to full text to view abstract

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This study examines how the Securities and Exchange Commission balances competing regulatory objectives in its decisions to approve requests to withhold proprietary information from firms' financial reports. The confidential treatment process requires the SEC to balance the public interest in protecting proprietary information with the public interest in promoting disclosures to investors. I draw upon the economic and political science literatures on regulatory decision-making to test the strength of these interests on three aspects of the SEC's decisions to grant confidential treatment: the duration of time required to approve the request, the duration of time the SEC agrees to protect proprietary information from disclosure, and whether the firm is successful in securing confidential treatment for all redacted information. I find that the public interest in promoting disclosure and protecting proprietary information influence different aspects of the SEC's decisions to grant regulatory exemptions for confidential treatment. Firms requiring greater monitoring by the SEC receive greater scrutiny and have lower odds of successful redaction. High proprietary costs are associated with significantly longer protection periods but proprietary costs generally are not associated with duration to approval or the success of the application. Finally, I find that the SEC applies greater scrutiny to firms exhibiting objective and salient measures of low financial reporting quality although these firms have higher odds of success. These findings are consistent with the SEC reviewing CTRs to reduce the risk of legislative oversight. This study contributes to the literature on disclosure regulation by providing evidence as to how securities regulators balance competing interests when reviewing requests for disclosure exemptions. These findings also contribute to the role of political influence on disclosure policy, as the SEC's exemption decisions are consistent with avoiding the threat of legislative oversight. Second, these findings contribute to the literature on the SEC's regulatory decisions by demonstrating that the SEC staff appears to allocate resources and apply scrutiny to applications for disclosure exemptions using aspects of registered firms' financial reporting quality. Third, these findings contribute to the literature on redaction as a disclosure choice by providing evidence suggesting that firms with low financial reporting quality are more likely to redact, and I provide evidence on the success of this disclosure choice. Overall, these findings suggest that the public interest in promoting disclosure, as well as the threat of legislative oversight, influence the SECs decisions when granting regulatory exemptions to protect proprietary information.

Thesis (MEd (Human Resource Studies)) -- University of South Australia, 1990

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Case Western Reserve University, 2006. / [School of Medicine] Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics. Includes bibliographical references. Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center.

248 f. / Submitted by Ana Valéria de Jesus Moura (anavaleria_131@hotmail.com) on 2013-07-31T14:26:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 LUCIANO LIMA FIGUEIREDO.pdf: 1277407 bytes, checksum: 4a9e492e2ca9afe642e59c6fa5a8d6d0 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Valéria de Jesus Moura(anavaleria_131@hotmail.com) on 2013-07-31T14:28:27Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 LUCIANO LIMA FIGUEIREDO.pdf: 1277407 bytes, checksum: 4a9e492e2ca9afe642e59c6fa5a8d6d0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-07-31T14:28:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LUCIANO LIMA FIGUEIREDO.pdf: 1277407 bytes, checksum: 4a9e492e2ca9afe642e59c6fa5a8d6d0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar a aplicação do princípio da função social da propriedade às patentes de medicamentos. Verifica se o princípio da função social impõe aos titulares das cartas-patentes o dever de comercializar remédios a um preço razoável, o qual não gere lucros astronômicos e seja apto a tornar o bem industrial acessível à população mais pobre. Para tanto, foi dividido o trabalho em cinco temas principais, abordados em capítulos específicos: A Constitucionalização do Direito Civil; A(s) Propriedade(s); A Propriedade Industrial; As Patentes de Medicamentos; e a Função Social das Patentes de Medicamentos. Perpassa o trabalho pela migração das normas do direito civil para o bojo da Constituição Federal (constitucionalização); a existência de propriedades; o estudo da espécie propriedade industrial, com atenção às patentes; as patentes de medicamentos, seu custo e inserção da ciência para o pilar da produção; e a aplicação do princípio da função social às patentes de medicamentos. Há a análise de questões atuais, como os remédios genéricos, o patenteamento de genes e do genoma humano, as patentes de transgênicos, diversos acordos internacionais, “quebra” de patentes. Após a pesquisa realizada, concluiu-se que a função social da propriedade, núcleo duro e elemento unificador das propriedades, têm plena aplicação às patentes de medicamentos. Consiste a função social da propriedade em princípio constitucional, sendo sua maximização a observância da legalidade constitucional. Com esta premissa, parte o autor a traçar caminhos para a concretização nacional e global de acesso aos remédios, consignando no seu trabalho medidas funcionais. Devido ao caráter interdisciplinar, para a confecção do trabalho foram analisadas doutrina e legislação de direito constitucional, civil, internacional, comercial, bem como jurisprudência dos principais tribunais pátrios e de direito comparado. De igual maneira recorreu-se a referências relacionadas a questões ligadas a medicamentos e de direito alienígena, legitimando ao máximo a pesquisa realizada. / Salvador

abstract: Insider trading potentially reveals proprietary information, allowing rivals to compete more effectively against the insiders' firm. This paper examines whether proprietary costs are associated with insiders' trading decisions and the profitability of their trades. Using a variety of approaches to identify proprietary information risk, I find proprietary costs significantly deter insiders' trading activities. The deterrence effect is more pronounced when insider trading is likely to be more informative to rivals. Specifically, trades by top executives, non-routine trades, and trades at low complexity firms are curbed to a greater extent by proprietary costs. Examining the mechanisms of this deterrence effect, I find firms with higher proprietary costs are more likely to impose insider trading restrictions, and insiders' trading decisions are more sensitive to proprietary costs when they have higher share ownership of the company. These results suggest insiders reduce trading activities not only due to firm policies, but also due to incentive alignment. Finally, when insiders trade despite higher proprietary costs, they earn significantly higher abnormal profits from their purchase transactions. Overall, this study suggests product market considerations are an important factor associated with insiders' trading decisions and profitability of their trades. These findings are likely to be of interest to regulators and corporate boards in setting insider trading policies, and help investors make investment decisions using insider trading signals. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Accountancy 2017