A palavra morfofonológica este da língua espanhola é submetida a análise acústica no presente trabalho com o objetivo de verificar-se padrões prosódicos para seus diferentes usos: referencial (adjetivo/pronome) e metadiscursivo. Os valores dos parâmetros acústicos mensurados para a ocorrência de este referencial são comparados aos das ocorrências de este metadiscursivo com a finalidade de reconhecer-se uma subcategorização do uso metadiscursivo: filler e marcador discursivo. São utilizados dados de fala espontânea do espanhol do México, coletados no website YouTube. Verificamos que, do ponto de vista prosódico, as tendências de comportamento de este referencial metadiscursivo apresentam divergências ou convergências a depender da interpretação pragmática relacionada ao último uso. / The word este of Spanish is acoustically analyzed in the present work in order to verify prosodic patterns for its different uses: referential (adjective / pronoun) and metadiscoursive. The measured values of acoustic parameters for each type of occurrence are compared with the purpose of proposing two different classes inside metadiscoursive use: a filler and a discourse marker. We use spontaneous speech data from Mexican Spanish, collected on the YouTube website.From the prosodic point of view, the behavioral tendencies of metadiscursive and referential este have divergences or convergences depending on the pragmatic interpretation related to the last use.

A entoação pode ser decomposta em componentes estruturadoras (finalização e sustentação) e, também, semântico-funcionais (foco/ênfase e acento lexical). A proposta assumida pelo grupo de pesquisa ExProsodia, baseada nos estudos de Xu e Wang (1997), permite a análise isolada de cada uma das componentes de F0. Neste estudo tratamos das componentes estruturadoras, especificamente, do estudo da finalização (F). O trabalho tem como objetivo, primeiro, analisar por meio de testes de percepção o que os sujeitos falantes do português brasileiro (doravante PB) julgam ser um final de frase assertiva. Depois, é nosso propósito analisar se os dados perceptivos fornecidos pelos ouvintes coincidem com aqueles disponibilizados pela análise automática obtida por meio da rotina ExProsodia®. É nosso intento, ainda, verificar se, no que tange à percepção dos procedimentos de segmentação frasal com propósito de finalização, é observada a sequência finalizadora proposta por Ferreira Netto (2008), acrescida da hipótese de Consoni et al (2009) e Consoni (2011). Este estudo visa integrar a coletânea de trabalhos desenvolvidos pelo Grupo de pesquisa ExProsodia - Análise automática da entoação na fala de língua portuguesa, linha de pesquisa na área de Percepção de Prosódia sob a orientação do Prof. Dr. Waldemar Ferreira Netto. Elaboramos dois testes. No primeiro teste foram apresentadas nove frases (três frases sem manipulação e seis manipuladas). As frases não manipuladas são, ao longo deste trabalho, mencionadas como frases modelos. As seis frases manipuladas foram subdivididas em dois conjuntos de três frases cada: a de frases monotonais e as frases manipuladas de modo que entre o tom médio (TM) e o tom de finalização (TF) houvesse uma distância de 7st. Nomeamos as primeiras frases como frases neutras e as segundas, frases hipóteses. No segundo teste foram apresentadas seis frases (somente as frases manipuladas, ou seja, as frases neutras e as frases hipóteses). Cada vez que o participante ouvia uma frase era solicitado a este que indicasse se a frase, de acordo com a sua percepção, estava ou não finalizada. Foram dadas duas opções de resposta aos ouvintes: sim, a frase está finalizada ou não, a frase não está finalizada. Os testes foram aplicados em 20 ouvintes de ambos os sexos, com idade entre 18 e 55 anos, todos com escolaridade entre nível médio e nível superior. Os resultados do teste 1 indiciam que as porcentagens dos ouvintes que consideram as frases neutras como não finalizadas sempre foram altas e mantiveram-se, em sua grande maioria, na casa dos 80%. Ademais, o produto da análise das frases hipóteses corrobora os dados dos trabalhos já citados. (CONSONI; FERREIRA NETTO, 2008; CONSONI et al., 2008; CONSONI et al., 2009 e CONSONI, 2011; FERREIRA NETTO, 2006, 2008; ROSA 2009). A análise do teste 2 fora efetuada por meio da teoria da detecção de sinais (TDS) (GREEN; SWETS, 1966; MACMILLAN; CREELMAN, 2005; ADBI, 2007). Ao fazer uso da TDS, pretendemos estimar a força da sensibilidade perceptiva de cada participante do teste 2. O valor dessa força é dada pelo cálculo do dee-prime. Os resultados do teste 2 apontaram dee-primes de três categorias diferentes, a saber: alto; médio e baixo. As respostas da grande maioria dos participantes situaram-se entre uma facilidade extrema e média de discriminar as frases finalizadas e as não finalizadas. / The intonation can be decomposed into structuring components (finalization and support component) and also semantic-functional components (focus / emphasis and lexical stress). The proposal assumed by ExProsodia rechearch group, based on the studies of Xu and Wang (1997), it allows separate analysis of each component of F0. In this study we treat structuring components, specifically, the study of finalization (F). The study aims, first, to analyze through perception tests which Brazilian Portuguese (henceforth PB) speakers think that is the ending of declarative sentences. It is our intent also verify if the finalization sequence proposed by Ferreira Netto (2008), plus the assumption of Consoni et al. (2009) e Consoni (2011) is observed. And lastly, our purpose is to inspect whether perceptual data match with those provided by automatic analysis obtained by routine ExProsodia®. This study aims to integrate a collection of work done by the research group ExProsodia - Automatic analysis of intonation in the speech of the Portuguese language, research line in the area of Perception of Prosody under the guidance of Prof. Dr. Waldemar Ferreira Netto. We developed two tests. In the first test, nine sentences were presented to the Brazilian Portuguese listeners (three sentences without manipulation and six manipulated). Non-manipulated sentences, throughout this work, as mentioned as models sentences. The six manipulated sentences were subdivided into two groups of three sentences each one: the monotonous sentences and manipulated sentences. The last one is manipulated so that between the medium tone (MT) and the finalization tone (FT) there is a distance of 7 semitones. We named first sentences as neutral sentences and the others as hypothesis sentences. At the second test, six sentences (only manipulated sentences, i.e. neutral sentences and hypothesis sentences) were presented to Brazilian Portuguese listeners. Each time the participant heard a sentence, he was requested to indicate whether that sentence, according to their perception, or was not finalized. Two response options were given to listeners: yes, the sentence is finished or not, the sentence is not finished. 20 listeners of both sexes, aged between 18 and 55 years, all with education among middle and senior level have participated of the test. The test results indicate that percentages of listeners who consider neutral sentences as unfinished sentences were always high and remained, mostly at around 80%. Moreover, the product of the analysis of hypothesis sentences corroborates data of the work already cited. (CONSONI; FERREIRA NETTO, 2008; CONSONI et al., 2008; CONSONI et al., 2009 e CONSONI, 2011; FERREIRA NETTO, 2006, 2008; ROSA 2009). The analysis of the test 2 has carried out by the signal detection theory (SDT) (GREEN; SWETS, 1966; MACMILLAN; Creelman, 2005; ADBI, 2007). By making use of the TDS, we intend to estimate the strength of the perceptual sensitivity of each participant of the test 2. Results showed dee-primes in three different categories, namely: high; medium and low. The responses of the majority of participants were between one extreme and mean facility to discriminate the finished and unfinished sentences.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:22:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-03-05Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:28:35Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 campos_lbb_me_sjrp.pdf: 660150 bytes, checksum: 1120d6091e8670a46024f69978f4bc28 (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Propusemos, nesta dissertação, estabelecer uma discussão sobre a relação entre a organização prosódica do Português brasileiro e a produção de sentido(s). Para desenvolver essa discussão, realizamos análises fonológica e discursiva de cadeias fônicas ambíguas presentes na interpretação de quatro canções populares brasileiras. Essa ambigüidade se deve à segmentação alternativa de determinadas cadeias fônicas presentes nas canções. A segmentação, a nosso ver, divide o fluxo enunciativo e estabelece fronteiras, sendo que chamamos de alternativa àquelas segmentações que, na interpretação, alteram as fronteiras das segmentações estabelecidas nas letras impressas das canções. Buscamos compreender como essas segmentações se relacionam com as alterações de fronteiras de constituintes prosódicos e quais as relações existentes entre essas alterações de fronteiras e a construção de sentido(s) na linguagem. A hipótese que orientou nosso trabalho foi a de que as segmentações realizadas pelos intérpretes, as quais diferem daquelas estabelecidas nas letras das canções, representariam um momento em que se poderia olhar, de maneira privilegiada, para o funcionamento da linguagem, sendo possível observar tanto sua organização prosódica quanto sua estrutura heterogênea. Considerando essa hipótese, nosso objetivo mais geral foi o de explicitar, a partir de uma visão global sobre a linguagem, não somente os fatos fonológicos da língua, mas também os sentidos que esses fatos desencadeiam em um texto. Como objetivo mais específico, buscamos evidências (i) das alterações de fronteiras dos constituintes prosódicos, através das segmentações... / In this dissertation, we proposed to establish a discussion about the relationship between the Brazilian prosodic organization of Portuguese and the sense production. In order to develop that discussion, we accomplished phonological and discursive analyses of ambiguous phonic chains present in the interpretation of four Brazilian popular songs. This ambiguity is due to the alternative segmentation of certain phonic chains in the songs. The segmentation, from our point of view, divides the speech flow and establishes boundaries. In the interpretation of the songs, the segmentations which alter the boundaries of the established segmentations in the printed lyrics of the songs were named as alternative. We aimed to understand how those segmentations are related to the alterations of prosodic constituent boundaries and what the existent relationships between those alterations of boundaries and the sense construction in the language are. Our work was guided by the hypothesis that the segmentations accomplished by the interpreters, which differ from those established in the songs lyrics, would represent a moment in which it would be possible to look at the language functioning, in a privileged way, enabling the observation of the prosodic organization as well as the heterogeneous structure of the language. In considering this hypothesis, our general objective was to determine, from a global vision of the language, not only the phonological facts of the language, but also the senses that those facts unchain in a text. As a more specific objective, we looked for evidences (i) of the alterations of prosodic constituent...(Complete abstract click eletronic access below)

O objetivo deste trabalho é determinar os limiares de diferenciação tonal (LDTs) do Português Brasileiro, no que se refere à entoação. LDTs são definidos como valores a partir dos quais a percepção de uma determinada grandeza passa a ser perceptualmente relevante. Consoni (2011) determinou que tais valores seriam de +3 e -4 semitons para palavras manipuladas em uma frase. Nosso objetivo é rever tais valores para o nível frasal. Nossa hipótese é a de que a extensão temporal afeta a percepção, graças ao efeito tau (SHIGENO, 1986). Para este fim foram aplicados dois experimento com 13 pares de uma mesma oração falada por uma voz masculina não-marcada. Os pares consistiam de uma sentença neutra (com tom zero) pareada à outras doze com F0 manipulados (6 semitons ascendentes e 6 semitons descendentes, a partir do zero), mais o par zero-zero. O primeiro teste possuía apenas duas alternativas sim e nãoe foi chamado de teste 2AFC, ao passo que no segundo havia três opções: sim, não e talvez, chamado de 3MFC. Aos participantes foi requisitado que respondessem se notavam ou não qualquer diferença entre os pares apresentados. Os testes foram aplicado em 16 pessoas. O teste3 MFC teve seus resultados desconsiderados, seus dados foram utilizados como um padrão qualitativo para o teste de nossa hipótese. A seguir foi aplicada uma ANOVA entre as variáveis do teste 2AFC a fim de se determinar se havia algum efeito, obtivemos um p < 0, 001, para n = 16, Fo > Fe. Para determinar os limiares de diferenciação tonal foi aplicada uma análise de componentes principais, a qual retornou como limiares os valores de -3 e +3 semitons. / The aim of this study is to determine the differential treshold of pitch (DTPs) for Brazilian Portuguese, with regard to intonation. DTPs are defined as values ??from which the perception of a certain greatness becomes perceptually relevant. Consoni et (2011) determined that such values ??would be of +3 and -4 semitones for manipulated words in a sentence. Our goal is to review these values ??from the phrasal level. Our hypothesis is that the temporal extension affects perception, due to the effect tau (SHIGENO, 1986). For this purpose two experiments were applied using 13 pairs of the same sentence, spoken by a male voice unmarked. The pairs consisted of a neutral setence (with zero tone) paired with the others twelve sentences with manipulated F0 (6 semitones ascending semitones and 6 descendants, from zero), plus the zero-zero pair. The first test had only two alternatives yes and no and was named 2AFC test, while the second one had three options: yes, no and maybe and was named 3MFC. Participants were asked to answer whether or not noticed any difference between the presented pairs. The tests were applied to 16 people. The results from 3MFC test were disregarded, the 3MFC data were used as a qualitative standard for testing our hypothesis. Following, ANOVA was applied in the 2AFC test in order to determine whether there was any effect, we obtained a p < 0.001 to n = 16, Fo > Fe. To determine the differential treshold of pitch was applied principal component analysis, which returned as threshold values ??of -3 and +3 semitones.

L’imitation est un comportement largement répandu dans le règne animal et chez l’être humain, nous aidant à faire de nombreuses choses dont : nous adapter à notre environnement social et culturel, communiquer, et apprendre des autres. Dans ce travail, nous considérons des aspects de l’imitation en parole au niveau prosodique, et plus précisément, dans le contexte de la remédiation phonétique au moyen de la Méthode Verbo-Tonale (MVT). Per se, la pratique phonétique en classe constitue un jeu d’imitations, soulevant des questions passionnantes, liées aussi bien à la perception et à la production d’une langue étrangère qu’à la reproductibilité des paramètres acoustiques de la parole en langue première, i.e. le contrôle prosodique. Notre première étude traite du contrôle prosodique chez l’enseignant et elle questionne les relations de l’évaluation auditive de la similarité prosodique par les paradigmes AX et AXB avec la mesure de la similarité au moyen de différentes métriques. Ces résultats sont croisés et révèlent une bonne corrélation entre méthodes semi-automatiques de mesures et tests de perception. Notre seconde étude se fonde sur les résultats précédents et propose d’explorer plus avant une mesure de la similarité prosodique obtenue à partir de courbe de f0 stylisées rectilinéaires au moyen d’une Turning Function. Appliquer cette méthode à un corpus d’imitations parolières lexicalisées et delexicalisées nous aide à souligner les bénéfices et les lacunes de la méthode. Il est finalement proposé d’appliquer de telles techniques de détection de la similarité prosodique à l’entraînement du contrôle prosodique de l’enseignant. / Imitation is a widespread behavior amongst animals and humans, helping us do many things, including adapting to our cultural and social environment, communicating with and learning from others. In this work, we consider aspects of imitation in speech at a prosodic level; more specifically, we will focus on phonetic remediation using the Verbo Tonal Method (VTM). Phonetic practice in the classroom, per se, is an imitation game raising interesting open questions linked to L2 speech perception and production as well as L1 acoustic features reproducibility, i.e phonetic-prosodic control. Our first study deals with the teacher’s ability to control prosodic features; it questions the link between the perception of prosodic similarity using the AX and AXB paradigms, and measures of similarity using other metrics on a more objective level. Results are then cross-compared: they reveal a fair correlation between semi-automatic methods and perceptual tests. Our second study builds on previous results and further tests measurements of prosodic similarity obtained from rectilinear stylized f0 curves using a Turning Function. Applying this method to a corpus of lexicalized and delexicalized speech imitations helps us underline the benefits and flaws of the method. We propose to apply such evaluation techniques to train teacher’s phonetic control.

abstract: Cognitive deficits often accompany language impairments post-stroke. Past research has focused on working memory in aphasia, but attention is largely underexplored. Therefore, this dissertation will first quantify attention deficits post-stroke before investigating whether preserved cognitive abilities, including attention, can improve auditory sentence comprehension post-stroke. In Experiment 1a, three components of attention (alerting, orienting, executive control) were measured in persons with aphasia and matched-controls using visual and auditory versions of the well-studied Attention Network Test. Experiment 1b then explored the neural resources supporting each component of attention in the visual and auditory modalities in chronic stroke participants. The results from Experiment 1a indicate that alerting, orienting, and executive control are uniquely affected by presentation modality. The lesion-symptom mapping results from Experiment 1b associated the left angular gyrus with visual executive control, the left supramarginal gyrus with auditory alerting, and Broca’s area (pars opercularis) with auditory orienting attention post-stroke. Overall, these findings indicate that perceptual modality may impact the lateralization of some aspects of attention, thus auditory attention may be more susceptible to impairment after a left hemisphere stroke. Prosody, rhythm and pitch changes associated with spoken language may improve spoken language comprehension in persons with aphasia by recruiting intact cognitive abilities (e.g., attention and working memory) and their associated non-lesioned brain regions post-stroke. Therefore, Experiment 2 explored the relationship between cognition, two unique prosody manipulations, lesion location, and auditory sentence comprehension in persons with chronic stroke and matched-controls. The combined results from Experiment 2a and 2b indicate that stroke participants with better auditory orienting attention and a specific left fronto-parietal network intact had greater comprehension of sentences spoken with sentence prosody. For list prosody, participants with deficits in auditory executive control and/or short-term memory and the left angular gyrus and globus pallidus relatively intact, demonstrated better comprehension of sentences spoken with list prosody. Overall, the results from Experiment 2 indicate that following a left hemisphere stroke, individuals need good auditory attention and an intact left fronto-parietal network to benefit from typical sentence prosody, yet when cognitive deficits are present and this fronto-parietal network is damaged, list prosody may be more beneficial. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Speech and Hearing Science 2019

Many children have insufficient early literacy experiences and fail to obtain proficient emergent literacy before they enter kindergarten. Reading to young children has been positively linked to improving their emergent literacy. Numerous factors influence how engaged children are while being read to including the adult’s prosody, receptive vocabulary, and the home literacy environment. Using a quantitative quasiexperimental design, this study sought to understand the association among prosody, child engagement (emotional, cognitive, behavioral-eye, and behavioral-body), receptive vocabulary, and the home literacy environment. The sample included 76 3-5 year-old children from local child care centers and their parents. To understand the relationship between prosody and engagement, children were randomly assigned to watch a story with typical or high prosody. Emotional, cognitive, behavioral-eye, and behavioral-body engagement measures were used to understand how engaged children were in the story. Children’s receptive vocabulary was assessed, and parents completed a home literacy survey. The moderating effects of receptive vocabulary and the home literacy environment (i.e., how much time parents spent reading to children and children’s TV time) between prosody and each type of engagement was examined. Children’s engagement did not differ between typical and high prosody stories. A statistically significant relationship was found between the cognitive and behavioral-eye r(74) = .44, p < .01, cognitive and behavioral-body r(74) = .30, p < .01, and behavioral-eye and behavioral-body engagement measures r(74) = .72, p < .01. Receptive vocabulary and the home literacy environment did not moderate the relationship between story prosody and any type of engagement.

When we pay close attention to the prosody of Wh-questions in Japanese, we discover many novel and interesting empirical puzzles that would require us to devise a much finer syntactic component of grammar. This paper addresses the issues that pose some problems to such an elaborated grammar, and offers solutions, making an appeal to the information structure and sentence processing involved in the interpretation of interrogative and focus constructions.

This volume contains the proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Prosody, Syntax, and Information Structure (WPSI2), held at University of Potsdam on March 18, 2005. WPSI 2 was aimed to discuss issues on the interaction of prosody, syntax, and information structure, from interdisciplinary points of view. The contributors (Haruo Kubozono, Shinichiro Ishihara, Yoshihisa Kitagawa, and Satoshi Tomioka) have been recently working on relevant issues, especially looking at the phenomena related to the intonation of focus and (wh-)questions in Japanese.

Recent models of Information Structure (IS) identify a low level contrast feature that functions within the topic and focus of the utterance. This study investigates the exact nature of this feature based on empirical evidence from a controlled read speech experiment on the prosodic realization of different levels of contrast in Modern Greek. Results indicate that only correction is truly contrastive, and that it is similarly realized in both topic and focus, suggesting that contrast is an independent IS dimension. Non default focus position is further identified as a parameter that triggers a prosodically marked rendition, similar to correction.