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In 2002 the Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Act 28 of 2002 (MPRDA) was promulgated to regulate the exploitation of minerals and petroleum in South Africa. With the promulgation of the MPRDA landowners’ rights regarding the minerals embedded in their land have been annihilated. South Africa’s mineral and petroleum resources were statutorily bequeathed to all the people of South Africa and the state was statutorily appointed as the custodian thereof for the benefit for all South Africans. All the rights to minerals have been severed from the ownership of land and the MPRDA does not recognise the existence of common law mineral rights as they existed directly before the MPRDA took effect. As a result thereof, landowners are not entitled to compensation for the loss of the minerals that are mined from the soil of their land. In addition, landowners ostensibly no longer possess the right to enforce negotiations regarding compensation for losses suffered or damages caused during the course of mining operations. It is against this background that this study seeks to determine to what extent the MPRDA or common law provide for the protection of landowners’ rights regarding compensation claims against the holder of statutory prospecting or mining rights for the infringement of their ownership brought about by mining activities on their land. / LLM (Estate Law), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

In 2002 the Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Act 28 of 2002 (MPRDA) was promulgated to regulate the exploitation of minerals and petroleum in South Africa. With the promulgation of the MPRDA landowners’ rights regarding the minerals embedded in their land have been annihilated. South Africa’s mineral and petroleum resources were statutorily bequeathed to all the people of South Africa and the state was statutorily appointed as the custodian thereof for the benefit for all South Africans. All the rights to minerals have been severed from the ownership of land and the MPRDA does not recognise the existence of common law mineral rights as they existed directly before the MPRDA took effect. As a result thereof, landowners are not entitled to compensation for the loss of the minerals that are mined from the soil of their land. In addition, landowners ostensibly no longer possess the right to enforce negotiations regarding compensation for losses suffered or damages caused during the course of mining operations. It is against this background that this study seeks to determine to what extent the MPRDA or common law provide for the protection of landowners’ rights regarding compensation claims against the holder of statutory prospecting or mining rights for the infringement of their ownership brought about by mining activities on their land. / LLM (Estate Law), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

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M.Ing. / During mineral exploration a whole lot of different exploration techniques can be applied. In this thesis the instrumentation used for electromagnetic surveying, which is only one of the prospecting techniques, is inspected. In particular the thesis will be about the transmitter of the single transmitter wide band receiver airborne electromagnetic prospecting system. A new power electronic topology is proposed in order to improve this transmitter. Before this is done a reference is first established. This is done in the form of the exponential transition inverter, which is the inverter that is currently applied as transmitter in South-Africa. Another reason for looking at this circuit topology is because it is the simplest way to realize the transmitter. During the analysis of this inverter topology all the proporties of the transmitter as a whole is also investigated. The main component of the transmitter, namely the transmitter coil is also discussed. This is followed by a summary of the properties of the exponential transition inverter in which the main shortcomings of this transmitter is discussed. The greatest of which is surely that pliable frequency spectra cannot be obtained. Subsequently resonance is viewed as a solution to the shortcomings. The main contribution of this is that the pliability of the frequency spectrum can be increased, because the capasitor in this circuit can easily be changed. It is however shown that a purely resonant circuit on it's own, also is not the solution. This leads to the improved inverter topology for the transmitter, namely the Kwasi resonant inverter. It is shown in detail that the Kwasi resonant inverter is a much beter option as transmitter then the exponential transient inverter. Since this circuit also has a capacitor in it, it is shown that pliable frequency spectra can be obtained. It is futher shown how the pliability of the frequency spectrum can be improved even more by deviating from conventional methods of switch control. Mathematical analysis, as well as an experimental setup, of the different inverter topologies, are used to illustrate all of the above mentioned. As a conclusion the only drawback of the Kwasi resonant inverter, namely high voltage peaks, is addressed. A solution to this problem is proposed in the form of two different voltage clamps. The best one of the two is identified and also implemented.