Submitted by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2016-01-04T16:44:44Z No. of bitstreams: 2 paula_fernandes_aguiar.pdf: 1304398 bytes, checksum: b5ba032ae507e6546623de36ad29645a (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2016-01-04T16:45:47Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 paula_fernandes_aguiar.pdf: 1304398 bytes, checksum: b5ba032ae507e6546623de36ad29645a (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-04T16:45:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 paula_fernandes_aguiar.pdf: 1304398 bytes, checksum: b5ba032ae507e6546623de36ad29645a (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Apesar da falta de conhecimento sobre os mecanismos da imers?o dos membros inferiores em ?gua fria (IAF) p?s-exerc?cio, este m?todo de recupera??o se faz presente ap?s o exerc?cio f?sico, principalmente no meio esportivo. Os objetivos de sua pr?tica s?o baseados nas poss?veis redu??es da inflama??o muscular, edema, dor e acumula??o de metab?litos, acelerando assim a recupera??o p?s-exerc?cio. Neste contexto, n?o est? claro se a IAF interfere nas adapta??es em n?vel molecular do conte?do da prote?na de choque t?rmico 72 kDa (Hsp72) do tecido muscular esquel?tico. Sendo assim, o presente estudo avaliou se a IAF ap?s as sess?es de exerc?cio, durante um programa de 4 semanas de treinamento intervalado de alta intensidade (HIIT), altera a resposta adaptativa do desempenho f?sico e da Hsp72 do tecido muscular esquel?tico. Foram selecionados 17 volunt?rios, do sexo masculino, adultos (idade: 23 ? 3 anos; peso corporal: 68.7 ? 9.2 kg, estatura: 171 ? 7 cm; gordura corporal: 23.5 ? 5.2%), n?o treinados e saud?veis para participar deste estudo, que assinaram o termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido. Os volunt?rios foram pareados em dois grupos de acordo com o desempenho no teste de 15 km em cicloerg?metro. Um grupo foi submetido ? IAF dos membros inferiores ap?s o exerc?cio (n=8), e o outro grupo serviu como controle (CNTRL, n=9). O programa de treinamento f?sico consistiu de 4 semanas de ciclismo intervalado de alta intensidade, com frequ?ncia semanal de 3 vezes. Cada sess?o de HIIT foi composta por 8-12 est?mulos com intensidade entre 90-110% da pot?ncia pico por 60 segundos, seguidos por intervalos de recupera??o ativa de 75 segundos ? 30W. A IAF compreendeu em imergir os membros inferiores em ?gua a 10 ?C, por 15 minutos, ap?s cada sess?o de treinamento. Os volunt?rios do grupo controle ficaram sentados em uma cadeira, na sala de treino a temperatura ambiente. As vari?veis medidas foram consumo m?ximo de oxig?nio (VO2max), desempenho no teste de 15 km e resist?ncia de for?a muscular localizada. Al?m disso bi?psias musculares foram realizadas 3 dias antes e 3 dias ap?s o per?odo de treinamento para avalia??o do conte?do muscular de Hsp72. O tempo para completar o teste de desempenho de 15 km diminuiu com o treinamento, mas n?o foi diferente entre os grupos (CNTRL 42.9?1.9 para 38.7?2.9 min e IAF 42.4?2.5 para 37.7?3.0 min, pr? versus p?s-treino, respectivamente). O VO2max aumentou com o treinamento em ambos os grupos, mas tamb?m n?o foi diferente entre os grupos (CNTRL 48.7?5.6 para 51.2?4.8 ml?kg-1?min-1 e IAF 45.7?5.6 to 50.4?4.8 ml?kg-1?min-1, pr? versus p?s treino, respectivamente). Quanto ? resist?ncia muscular localizada, o pico de torque m?dio aumentou com o treinamento em ambos os grupos, sem diferen?a entre as situa??es (CNTRL de 92,7?15,6 n/m para 96,7?14,5 n/m e IAF de 86,0?19,8 n/m para 91,3?13,2 n/m pr? versus p?s-treino, respectivamente). Mas o ?ndice de fadiga (CNTRL 70,0?6,1 % para 67,1?6,8 % e IAF 65,8?8,0 % para 69,3?6,6 % pr? versus p?s-treino, respectivamente) n?o alterou com o treinamento. O conte?do muscular de Hsp72 aumentou com o treinamento, mas n?o foi diferente entre os grupos (CNTRL 100?28% para 124?37% e IAF 100?31% para 131?23%). Sendo assim, n?s conclu?mos que a imers?o em ?gua fria p?s-exerc?cio n?o alterou as adapta??es de desempenho e moleculares avaliadas ap?s 4 semanas de treinamento intervalado de alta intensidade. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa Multic?ntrico de P?s-gradua??o em Ci?ncias Fisiol?gicas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2014. / ABSTRACT Despite a general lack of understanding of the underlying mechanisms, cold water immersion (CWI) is a recovery strategy commonly employed by athletes. The purpose of its use is based on possible reductions in muscle inflammation, oedema, pain and metabolite accumulation, thereby hastening recovery. Furthermore, it is not clear if CWI can interfere with training adaptation and intramuscular heat shock protein. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of CWI in training adaptation and intramuscular heat shock protein after 4 weeks of high intensity interval training (HIIT). All subjects provided written informed consent and the study was approved by the research ethics committee. Seventeen healthy, young subjects (age: 23 ? 3 years old, body weight: 68.7 ? 9.2 kg, height 171 ? 7 cm; body fat: 23.5 ? 5.2%) were allocated into 2 groups: control (CON, n=9) and cold water immersion (CWI, n=8). Training adaptation was evaluated before and after 4 weeks of HIIT through an individualized ramp test and 15 km cycling time trial (workload set at 50% of peak power), VO2max, and maximal knee extension and flexion of the dominant leg on an isokinetic dynamometer. Additionally, vastus lateralis biopsies were obtained one week before the first and 3 days after the last training session to evaluate intramuscular content of heat shock protein 72 kDa (Hsp72). Each HIIT session consisted of 8-12 cycling exercise bouts with intensity set between 90-110% of the peak power for 60 seconds followed by active recovery intervals of 75 seconds at 30W. HIIT occurred 3 times per week. After each HIIT session, the CWI group had their lower limbs immersed in cold water (10?C) for 15 minutes and the CON group recovered at room temperature. Time to complete the time trial reduced with training, but was not different between recovery methods (CON 42.9 ? 1.9 to 38.7 ? 2.9 min and CWI 42.4 ? 2.5 to 37.7 ? 3.0 min, pre versus post, respectively). VO2max increased with training in both groups, but was not different between recovery methods (CON 48.7 ? 5.6 to 51.2 ? 4.8 mL?kg-1?mim-1 and CWI 45.7 ? 5.6 to 50.4 ? 4.8 mL?kg-1?mim-1, pre versus post, respectively). On the localized muscle strength test average of peak torque increased with training in both groups, with no difference between the situations (CON 92.7 ? 15.6 n / m to 96.7 ? 14.5 n/m and CWI 86.0 ? 19.8 n/m to 91.3 ? 13.2 n/m pre versus post-training, respectively). The relative work per repetition decreased with training (CON 37.6 ? 9.0 J to 32.1 ? 7.6 J and CWI 33.0 ? 8.4 J to 28.0 ? 4.4 J pre versus post -training, respectively) while the fatigue index (CON 70.0 ? 6.1% to 67.1 ? 6.8% and 65.8 ? CWI 8.0% to 69.3 ? 6.6% pre versus post-training, respectively) didn?t change with training. The Hsp72 muscle content increased with training, but was not different between recovery methods (CON 100 ? 28% to 124 ? 37% and CWI 100 ? 31% to 131 ? 23%, p=0.29), without interaction between groups. We conclude that the HIIT protocol was effective in improving performance and increasing muscle Hsp72, and that CWI did not affect the adaptations induced by the training protocol.

Submitted by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2016-01-04T16:04:23Z No. of bitstreams: 2 mariana_aguiar_matos.pdf: 3238462 bytes, checksum: 3f1d0300b61c8980e15bd5468c0ae135 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2016-01-04T16:05:17Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 mariana_aguiar_matos.pdf: 3238462 bytes, checksum: 3f1d0300b61c8980e15bd5468c0ae135 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-04T16:05:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 mariana_aguiar_matos.pdf: 3238462 bytes, checksum: 3f1d0300b61c8980e15bd5468c0ae135 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq) / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (Capes) / A maior quantidade de ?cidos graxos livres e de citocinas pr?-inflamat?rias plasm?tica presentes na obesidade, podem desencadear a resist?ncia a insulina, dentre outros fatores, pela fosforila??o inibit?ria do substrato do receptor de insulina 1 (IRS-1), via ativa??o de quinases relacionadas ao estresse, como a quinase C-jun N-terminal (JNK). Em obesos, a resist?ncia a insulina correlaciona-se com altera??es do sistema imune, e com a baixa express?o da prote?na de choque t?rmico de 72kDa (Hsp72) e aumento da ativa??o da JNK no m?sculo esquel?tico. Considerando que o exerc?cio f?sico aer?bico promove melhora da sensibilidade a insulina e tem um efeito anti-inflamat?rio. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar os efeitos de uma sess?o de exerc?cio f?sico aer?bico na express?o da HSP70, ativa??o da JNK e fosforila??o do IRS-1 no res?duo de serina 612 (IRS-1 ser612) no m?sculo esquel?tico de obesos. Al?m disso, foi avaliada a frequ?ncia dos linf?citos T auxiliares (CD4+) e citol?ticos (CD8+) e das subpopula??es de mon?citos cl?ssicos (CD14++CD16-), intermedi?rios (CD14++CD16+) e n?o cl?ssicos (CD14+CD16++). Os participantes do estudo (n=27) foram alocados em tr?s grupos experimentais (eutr?ficos sens?veis a insulina, obesos sens?veis a insulina, obesos resistentes a insulina) de acordo com a classifica??o do estado nutricional, de acordo com o ?ndice de massa corporal e presen?a ou n?o de resist?ncia a insulina, definida pelo modelo de avalia??o da homeostase (HOMA1-IR). Amostras de sangue venoso e do m?sculo vasto lateral foram obtidas antes e ap?s uma sess?o de exerc?cio f?sico aer?bico realizado a 60% do VO2pico,em cicloerg?metro, com dura??o de 60 minutos. Para avaliar a frequ?ncia das diferentes popula??es de mon?citos e linf?citos T circulantes utilizou-se a citometria de fluxo. As an?lises da express?o da HSP70, ativa??o da JNK e fosforila??o do IRS-1 ser612 no m?sculo esquel?tico foram feitas pelo procedimento de western blot. Nossos resultados demonstraram que obesos resistentes a insulina apresentam uma maior frequ?ncia de mon?citos intermedi?rios e maior fosforila??o do IRS-1 ser612 comparado aos eutr?ficos, maior ativa??o da JNK e menor express?o da HSP70 em rela??o aos demais grupos. Ap?s 1 hora do t?rmino da sess?o de exerc?cio aer?bico houve redu??o da frequ?ncia dos mon?citos intermedi?rios (CD14++CD16+) e dos linf?citos auxiliares (TCD4+) circulantes. Adicionalmente, a sess?o de exerc?cio induziu no m?sculo esquel?tico maior express?o da HSP70, redu??o da fosforila??o do IRS-1 ser612 nos grupos de indiv?duos obesos e menor atividade da JNK nos obesos resistentes a insulina. Conclui-se que uma sess?o de exerc?cio aer?bico promove altera??es que caracterizam redu??o da inflama??o e/ou estresse celular, que podem contribuir para a modula??o da sensibilidade a insulina promovida pelo exerc?cio f?sico. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa Multic?ntrico de P?s-gradua??o em Ci?ncias Fisiol?gicas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2012. / ABSTRACT The great amount of free fatty acids and proinflammatory cytokines present in obese individuals may trigger insulin resistance, through the inhibitory phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1), via activation of kinases related to stress, such as kinase C-Jun N-terminal (JNK). In obese individuals, insulin resistance correlates with alterations of the immune system and lower expression of the heat shock protein of 72kDa (Hsp72) and increased activation of JNK in skeletal muscle. Considering that aerobic exercise improve insulin sensitivity and has an anti-inflammatory effect, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a bout of aerobic exercise in the expression of HSP70, activation of JNK and phosphorylation of IRS-1 in serine residue 612 (IRS-1 ser612) in skeletal muscle of obese patients. Furthermore, we assessed the frequency of helper T lymphocytes (CD4 +) and cytolytic (CD8 +) and subpopulations of classical (CD14 + + CD16-), intermediate (CD14 + + CD16 +) and non-classical (CD14 + CD16 + +) monocytes. Study participants (n = 27) were divided into three experimental groups (eutrophic sensitive to insulin, insulin-sensitive obese, insulin-resistant obese) according to the classification of nutritional status, according to the body mass index, and the presence or absence of insulin resistance, defined by the homeostasis assessment model (HOMA1-IR). Venous blood and vastus lateralis samples were obtained before and after a bout of aerobic exercise performed at 60% of VO2peak on a cycle ergometer, lasting 60 minutes. To assess the frequency of the different populations of monocytes and T lymphocytes circulating we used flow cytometry. Analyses of of HSP70 expression, JNK activation and IRS-1 phosphorylation of ser612 in skeletal muscle were performed by western blot. Our results showed that obese insulin resistant subjects have an increased frequency of intermediate monocytes and higher phosphorylation of IRS-1 ser612 compared to normal weight individuals, and greater activation of JNK and lower expression of HSP70 than the other two groups. 1 hour after the exercise bout, we observed reductions on the frequency of intermediate circulating monocytes (CD14 + + CD16 +) and helper cells (CD4 +). Additionally, the exercise bout induced in the skeletal muscle higher expression of HSP70, decreased phosphorylation of IRS-1 ser612 in the obese groups and lower activity of JNK in the obese insulin resistant individuals. It is concluded that a bout of aerobic exercise promotes changes that characterize reduction of inflammation and / or cellular stress, which may contribute to the modulation of insulin sensitivity promoted by exercise.