Thesis titled `Regions and environmental protection` is divided into three parts. The first part is devoted to planting regions in the necessary historical context. The second part describes the constitutional anchoring region, and their constitutive elements defining the concept of independent and delegated powers. In the last section, I focus on linking the county institute, and environmental protection. The conclusion is devoted to the role of the county in a separate and delegated powers in selected components of the environment. Counties in the environmental protection acts as a necessary link between the state and municipalities, since they deal with things that goes beyond the possibilities of their own communities, but also below the national importance.

The subject of this diploma thesis are instruments of environmental protection, which are used in the Czech legal system. With the aid of these instruments the state and other institutions try to ensure the most effective environmental protection. The instruments of environmental protection are divided into two basic groups. On one hand there are instruments with direct effect, on the other hand instruments with indirect effect. In the first group belong instruments administrative, conceptual, vindicatory and special. Economical instruments fall into the second group. Administrative instruments include primarily different commands, restrictions, permissions, standpoints, expressions, standards and limits. They are about actions that are applied by public authorities. To the conceptual instruments belong different conceptions, plans and programs that represent certain long-term documents of human aiming in a certain area. To the vindicatory instruments belong fines and other forms of penalties. We distinguish tort liability and responsibility for environmental damage. Economical instruments consist mainly of taxes and fees. They are distinguished by distinct effect on addressees by the fact, that they provide them the possibility for the choice of behaviour. To the special instruments belong...

Submitted by Marlene Aparecida de Souza Cardozo (mcardozo@pucsp.br) on 2016-11-22T15:19:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Flavia de Campos Pinheiro.pdf: 1334657 bytes, checksum: 70e87a36978cdf22cd2b91f7fc570100 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-22T15:19:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Flavia de Campos Pinheiro.pdf: 1334657 bytes, checksum: 70e87a36978cdf22cd2b91f7fc570100 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-10-06 / The work deals with the protection of persons with disabilities. The theme is multifaceted. You can approach it in several ways: assistance, sociological, legal, medical. The need for protection stems from several areas. Thus, we intend to study it under a constitutional approach, in correlation with a right constitutional, fundamental, that protects (or can protect you) effectively. These are the associations created with the purpose of protecting people with disabilities. The purpose of this study is to analyze the treatment given by Brazilian law to procedural instruments of collective protection of rights used by associations as well as to what extent these instruments can contribute to the realization of the rights of persons with disabilities. Therefore, the first part of the work, we analyze the constitutional elements that support the protection of persons with disabilities. However, we need from a line of reasoning, and from that line drive our argument in a logical and consistent manner in order to demonstrate our thesis, namely, the need for protection of a group of people who, by their vulnerability, you need a closer look. Depart, then, the desire for justice. In this sense, the Constitution is replete with principles and rules which confer rights that lead to this purpose. Therefore, in this first part, we will work with the fundamental principles that underlie the inclusion of people with disabilities, and the fundamental rights of both the constitutional and international point of view. Later, entering the central theme, studying freedom of association, a fundamental right, will be sought to demonstrate how associations can, through legal and constitutional instruments, protect people with disabilities. That is, the study aims to assess the dynamics of the relationship between the protection of rights of persons with disabilities and the role of associations in this mister, through the procedural instruments of collective protection available to them. In this analysis, necessary to consider whether the 1988 Constitution, to establish a system of rules and principles to ensure equal values, democracy, human dignity, social justice and solidarity, contributed to the inclusion of people with disabilities, and the role and the effectiveness of associations in this endeavor .In this sense, look up will study the principiológico apparatus of the Constitution, which contributes to the process of inclusion of people with disabilities. This analysis will be complemented by the study of procedural feature (instrumental) the right of association, based in the procedural instruments of collective protection of rights, in order to try to demonstrate to what extent the Constitution instrumentalizes associations defense effectively rights. This instrumentation is necessary, but essential, to the implementation of the rights of persons with disabilities. In this sense, it will be analyzed, the way in which these instruments are able to strengthen the defense of this vulnerable group of people. But if in theory want to demonstrate that associations act as effective instrument of the rights of persons with disabilities, it remains to be seen whether the practice is tuned to the theory / O trabalho versa sobre a proteção das pessoas com deficiência. O tema é multifacetário. É possível abordá-lo sob vários aspectos: assistencial, sociológico, jurídico, médico. A necessidade de proteção advém de diversas áreas. Sendo assim, pretende-se estudá-lo sob um enfoque constitucional, em correlação com um direito constitucional fundamental, que o protege (ou pode protegê-lo) de maneira eficaz. São as associações criadas com a finalidade de proteger as pessoas com deficiência. A proposta do trabalho é analisar o tratamento dado pelo direito brasileiro aos instrumentos processuais de tutela coletiva utilizados pelas associações, bem como em que medida esses instrumentos podem contribuir para a concretização dos direitos das pessoas com deficiência. Na primeira parte, analisaremos os elementos constitucionais que embasam a proteção das pessoas com deficiência. Partiremos de uma linha de raciocínio e conduziremos nossa argumentação de forma a demonstrar nossa tese, qual seja a necessidade de proteção de um grupo de pessoas que, por sua vulnerabilidade, precisa de um olhar mais cuidadoso. Partiremos da Constituição como instrumento de realização da justiça social. Nesse sentido, a Constituição é pródiga em princípios e regras que conferem direitos que levam a essa finalidade. Portanto, nessa primeira parte, trabalharemos com os princípios fundamentais que embasam a inclusão das pessoas com deficiência, bem como os direitos fundamentais, tanto do ponto de vista constitucional quanto internacional. Posteriormente, adentrando no tema central, estudando a liberdade de associação, direito fundamental, procurar-se-á demonstrar de que forma as associações podem, por meio de instrumentos jurídico-constitucionais, proteger as pessoas com deficiência. Vale dizer, o estudo pretende avaliar a dinâmica da relação entre a proteção dos direitos das pessoas com deficiência e o papel das associações nesse mister, por meio dos instrumentos processuais de tutela coletiva postos à sua disposição. Nessa análise, importa examinar se a Constituição de 1988, ao estabelecer uma sistemática de regras e princípios destinados a assegurar valores de igualdade, democracia, dignidade humana, justiça social e solidariedade, contribuiu para a inclusão das pessoas com deficiência, e qual o papel e a eficácia das associações nessa empreitada. Nesse sentido, buscar-se-á estudar o aparato principiológico da Constituição, que contribui para o processo da inclusão das pessoas com deficiência. Essa análise será complementada pelo estudo da feição processual (instrumental) do direito de associação, consubstanciada nos instrumentos processuais de tutela coletiva de direitos, de modo a procurar demonstrar em que medida a Constituição instrumentaliza as associações à defesa de direitos de modo eficaz. Essa instrumentalização é necessária, senão fundamental, à efetivação dos direitos das pessoas com deficiência. Nesse sentido, analisar-se-á o modo pelo qual esses instrumentos são capazes de fortalecer a defesa desse grupo vulnerável de pessoas. Mas, se no plano teórico quer-se demonstrar que as associações funcionam como instrumento de efetivação dos direitos das pessoas com deficiência, resta verificar se a prática está afinada à teoria

This diploma thesis is focused on a little-known and therefore interesting topic. The work concernes the evaluation of the effectivity of Responsible Care Programme -- Odpovědné podnikání v chemii under conditions of the Czech Republic. Of great importance is the part of the work summarizing the motivation to implement RC programme, the barriers to implement RC programme as well as the evaluation of its benefits. The case study based on the Lovochemie INC Lovosice served well to evaluate the effectivity of RC programme and the application of the supporting RC activities . The enterprize has been respecting the rules of responsible bussiness practice since 1996. Discussion concerning the results achieved in the Czech Republic and Europe is also intersting. The danger for RC programme are similar voluntary instruments of environmental protection (e.g. ISO 14001 and EMAS), which, on the other hand, may act to support the results achieved within the basic indicators of healt, safety and environmental protection.

Legal regime applicable to land in the protected areas and protective zones The aim of my thesis is to analyse the legal regime, which is applied to the protected areas and protective zones. Both institutes can be grouped among the environment protection instruments. They are also applied to the protection of other objects (e.g., water mains, cultural monuments, electric communications), especially they are applied to the protected areas. They are universal instruments because they are used in various branches of law. To achieve the objective, which is to establish the protected areas and protective zones, limitation of property rights to the respective immovables happen. The level of regulation is not always the same. Particular limitations are various and they are contained either directly in a respective act or in a regulation, which establishes a protected area or protective zone, or they are mentioned in both legal enactments. They can be formed as restrictions of particular activities with the possibility of making an exception (there are also absolute restrictions, in this case no exceptions can be made) or as activities, which can be performed only when they are approved by a respective authority. Most often the limitations happen in the field of farming and building activities. In my...

The presented diploma thesis provides the comprehensive presentation about the low emission zones that become more and more used instrument of air protection in european metropolises and in smaller cities. There are already circa sixty low emission zones in Deutschland, in the Czech Republic this instrument hasn't been used yet. Therefore the diploma thesis' determined goal was to analyze the legal regulation of the low emissions zones to clearify the division consisting in absence of low emission zones in the Czech Republic. Systematicall structure of the diploma thesis into six part is the result of the author's aim to make the presentation transparent. The first part of the diploma thesis represents the introduction into the theme of the air protection and provides a brief overview of relevant legal regulations just as the analysis of air pollutants including their negative effect on the peopel's health and on the environment. The author provides the presentation of transport regulation possibilities that the cities are able to realize (excluding the low emission zones). The third part deals with the implementation of the low emission zones into the czech law and with the development of legal regulation of the low emission zones. The detailed analysis of current legal regulation regarding the...