In the past decades, European labour markets have undergone profound changes, witnessing a process of liberalisation and flexibilisation, in part through the spread of various forms of atypical employment. These new forms of employment have been argued to be of generally lower quality than standard employment, presenting several disadvantages across a range of employment-related dimensions. Nevertheless, the disadvantages experienced by atypical workers are argued to differ depending on nationally specific institutional settings, as employment regulations, welfare institutions and collective representation are commonly claimed to play a significant role in the shaping of disadvantage. Within the field of comparative political economy, a literature has emerged dealing with issues of dualisation and insider-outsider divides associated with these new forms of employment, mainly focusing on institutional divides in employment and welfare protection and political representation between standard and atypical workers and their consequences in terms of social inequalities. Authors within this literature have argued divides to be different across groups of countries within Europe. Specifically, an important distinction has been claimed to exist between Liberal countries, where divides are argued to be limited, and Southern European countries, where they are said to be among the highest. But this literature has mostly considered disadvantages from an institutional perspective, without empirically investigating whether institutional divides actually translate into individual disadvantages. At the same time, within sociology, authors have investigated individual disadvantages experienced by atypical workers under the broad concept of precariousness. Nevertheless, these scholars have not provided a systematic analysis of the relation between different institutional frameworks and individual disadvantages. This thesis aims at partly bridging these two literatures, by providing an analysis of how different institutional settings impact on disadvantages as experienced at the individual level. To do this, this thesis explores the disadvantages experienced by a specific category of atypical workers, namely temporary agency workers. It focuses on two countries which have been argued to present very different institutional divides across a broad range of employment-related dimensions. The UK is seen as the main example of Liberal country in the European context, providing limited employment protection to all workers, a fragmented system of industrial relations and a social protection system mainly based on means-testing and mostly aimed at poverty prevention. In contrast, Italy has been considered one of the European countries with the most highly segmented labour market, with high employment protection for core workers but very little for workers at the margin. At the same time, both its industrial relations system and it social protection system are said to strongly discriminate against people in atypical forms of employment. These claims are explored through semi-structured interviews with temporary agency workers in the service sector, trade unionists and other relevant stakeholders involved in atypical employment. The study demonstrates that temporary agency workers in the two countries experience partly different disadvantages. Although differences in the institutional settings can be said to contribute to explaining these differences, the analysis reveals a more complex picture. I show that institutional divides do not necessarily translate into individual disadvantages, as they interact among each other and with other factors in moulding individual experiences in a variety of ways. At the same time, individual disadvantages are present even when no institutional divide exists. Thus, the study argues that considering disadvantages only in terms of institutional divides oversimplifies a more complex and varied reality, and calls for more attention to be paid to how institutional divides are translated into individual disadvantages.

Orientador: Noêmia Pereira Neves / Resumo: Este estudo teve por objetivo compreender a atuação do Conselho Tutelar de Orlândia-SP no fenômeno da violência doméstica contra crianças e adolescentes. O Conselho Tutelar é o órgão que, de acordo com o Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente, é responsável por receber denúncias de suspeitas ou confirmação de situações de maus tratos, exploração, abuso e negligência impostas pelos pais ou responsáveis. É, portanto, através do Conselho Tutelar que a violência contra crianças e adolescentes praticada no interior da família sai do espaço privado para o público, adquirindo visibilidade social e exigindo, deste órgão, a aplicação de medidas de proteção. Para concretizarmos nosso estudo, realizamos o levantamento de dados através de pesquisa documental, consultando os prontuários de atendimento do Conselho Tutelar e coleta de relatos orais. Identificamos, no período de janeiro a novembro de 2003, 26 denúncias desta forma de violência. Com a realização de entrevista com um conselheiro tutelar e com dois profissionais da área da saúde e educação, coletamos informações sobre a atuação do Conselho Tutelar, assim como sobre as medidas adotadas por instituições de atendimento a crianças e adolescentes ao identificarem uma situação de violência doméstica. O Conselho Tutelar, tendo conhecimento de denúncias desse tipo de violência, toma medidas no sentido de se constatar a procedência ou não da mesma, entretanto, no que diz respeito às medidas de proteção à vítima, contatamos que estas nem sempre ocorrem. Esperamos que este estudo venha a propiciar reflexões sobre tão polêmico e candente tema e que essas reflexões possibilitem ações mais efetivas de proteção às crianças e aos adolescentes vítimas de violência doméstica em Orlândia, assim como sirvam de motivação para estudos posteriores. / Abstract: This study had as an objective to understand the performance of the Tutelary Advice of Orlândia-SP in the phenomenon of the domestic violence against children and teenagers. The Tutelary Advice is an organ that, in accordance with the Child and the Teenager Statute is in charge of receiving denunciation of suspicious or confirmation of situations of maltreatment, exploration, abuse and negligence imposed by the parents or responsible people. Therefore, it is through the Tutelary Advice that the violence against children and teenagers practised inside the family leaves out the private space for the public, then being acquired a social visibility and demanding from this organ, the application of protection means. To materialize our study, we made a data-collecting through documentary research, by consulting attendance handbooks of Tutelary Advice and by collecting verbal stories. We have identified in the period from January to November 2003, 26 claims of this form of violence. With the accomplishment of the interview with a Tutelary Council member and two professionals of the health area and education so we have collected information on the Tutelary Advice, as well as on the means adopted by the assistance institutions for the children and teenagers when identifying a situation of domestic violence. The Tutelary Advice when having knowledge of denunciations of this type, takes steps in the sense of checking the origin or not of the same one, however, in what measures of protection to the victim is concerned, we have verified that these procedures not always occur. We hope that this study come to provide reflections on this so controversial and cadent subject and that these reflections make possible more effective protection actions to children and teenagers who are victims of domestic violence in Orlândia-SP, as well as to be a motivation for further studies. / Doutor

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:35:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2004Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T21:07:38Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 juliao_ch_dr_fran.pdf: 227901 bytes, checksum: a121ce15c3c1c9b3829c889602d61b68 (MD5) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / Este estudo teve por objetivo compreender a atuação do Conselho Tutelar de Orlândia-SP no fenômeno da violência doméstica contra crianças e adolescentes. O Conselho Tutelar é o órgão que, de acordo com o Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente, é responsável por receber denúncias de suspeitas ou confirmação de situações de maus tratos, exploração, abuso e negligência impostas pelos pais ou responsáveis. É, portanto, através do Conselho Tutelar que a violência contra crianças e adolescentes praticada no interior da família sai do espaço privado para o público, adquirindo visibilidade social e exigindo, deste órgão, a aplicação de medidas de proteção. Para concretizarmos nosso estudo, realizamos o levantamento de dados através de pesquisa documental, consultando os prontuários de atendimento do Conselho Tutelar e coleta de relatos orais. Identificamos, no período de janeiro a novembro de 2003, 26 denúncias desta forma de violência. Com a realização de entrevista com um conselheiro tutelar e com dois profissionais da área da saúde e educação, coletamos informações sobre a atuação do Conselho Tutelar, assim como sobre as medidas adotadas por instituições de atendimento a crianças e adolescentes ao identificarem uma situação de violência doméstica. O Conselho Tutelar, tendo conhecimento de denúncias desse tipo de violência, toma medidas no sentido de se constatar a procedência ou não da mesma, entretanto, no que diz respeito às medidas de proteção à vítima, contatamos que estas nem sempre ocorrem. Esperamos que este estudo venha a propiciar reflexões sobre tão polêmico e candente tema e que essas reflexões possibilitem ações mais efetivas de proteção às crianças e aos adolescentes vítimas de violência doméstica em Orlândia, assim como sirvam de motivação para estudos posteriores. / This study had as an objective to understand the performance of the Tutelary Advice of Orlândia-SP in the phenomenon of the domestic violence against children and teenagers. The Tutelary Advice is an organ that, in accordance with the Child and the Teenager Statute is in charge of receiving denunciation of suspicious or confirmation of situations of maltreatment, exploration, abuse and negligence imposed by the parents or responsible people. Therefore, it is through the Tutelary Advice that the violence against children and teenagers practised inside the family leaves out the private space for the public, then being acquired a social visibility and demanding from this organ, the application of protection means. To materialize our study, we made a data-collecting through documentary research, by consulting attendance handbooks of Tutelary Advice and by collecting verbal stories. We have identified in the period from January to November 2003, 26 claims of this form of violence. With the accomplishment of the interview with a Tutelary Council member and two professionals of the health area and education so we have collected information on the Tutelary Advice, as well as on the means adopted by the assistance institutions for the children and teenagers when identifying a situation of domestic violence. The Tutelary Advice when having knowledge of denunciations of this type, takes steps in the sense of checking the origin or not of the same one, however, in what measures of protection to the victim is concerned, we have verified that these procedures not always occur. We hope that this study come to provide reflections on this so controversial and cadent subject and that these reflections make possible more effective protection actions to children and teenagers who are victims of domestic violence in Orlândia-SP, as well as to be a motivation for further studies.