Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:55:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ArrheniusVCO_da_capa_ate_pag_12.pdf: 7828798 bytes, checksum: b0f0c76e1aebc32a2155c024e0abc8a9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004-12-17 / The objective of the present work is develop a model to simulate electrical energy networks in transient and stead states, using the software ATP (Alternative Transient Program), able to be a way to join two distinct themes, present in classical methodology planning networks: short circuit analysis and load flow theory. Beyond that, using a tool for relay simulation, this paper intend to use the new developed model to investigate the influence of transient phenomenon in operation of protection relays, and calibrate the enterprise's protections relays. For testing the model, some relays, actually, installed at COSERN were used / O presente trabalho objetiva ao desenvolvimento de um modelo para simular redes de energia el?trica em regimes transit?rio e permanente, utilizando o software ATP (Alternative Transient Program), para servir como elo entre dois temas distintos, presentes na metodologia cl?ssica de planejamento de redes: a an?lise de curtos-circuitos e o estudo de fluxo de carga. Al?m disso, dispondo de uma ferramenta de simula??o de rel?s, pretende-se usar o novo modelo, tanto para averiguar a influ?ncia de fen?menos transit?rios na opera??o dos rel?s de prote??o, quanto para calibrar esses rel?s. Para testar o modelo, utilizaram-se alguns dos rel?s atualmente instalados na COSERN

Orientador: Walmir de Freitas Filho / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Elétrica e de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T08:26:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Salles_NewtonJosede_D.pdf: 8861113 bytes, checksum: 46fbfc4ed40c793e3b012449f77b88ab (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Recentemente, o ilhamento intencional, ou seja, a operação isolada de uma parte do sistema elétrico de potência que pode ser alimentada localmente por geradores distribuídos, tem representado um grande interesse para as empresas concessionárias de energia elétrica. Tamanho interesse deve-se à capacidade destes geradores em assegurar a redução do tempo de indisponibilidade do fornecimento de energia elétrica, aumentando a confiabilidade das cargas pertencentes ao sistema ilhado. O sucesso da prática do ilhamento intencional é o conhecimento prévio de todas as contingências possíveis que podem resultar em operação ilhada, quer sejam situações de manutenções programadas ou mesmo a perda de subestações de distribuição ou linhas de transmissão de alta tensão. Neste cenário, uma prática comum é utilizar o(s) gerador(es) síncrono(s) distribuído(s) para alimentar o sistema ilhado e garantir a regulação da frequência e da magnitude da tensão, com a atuação do regulador de velocidade e do regulador de tensão, respectivamente. Um dos aspectos mais importantes que deve ser considerado no planejamento do sistema elétrico de potência é o desempenho do sistema de proteção, uma vez que os ajustes dos dispositivos de proteção não são flexíveis o suficiente para acomodar a operação antes e depois de detectado o ilhamento. Neste contexto, esta tese de doutorado apresenta duas contribuições principais: (1) apresentar um estudo detalhado de viabilidade técnica para a realização do ilhamento intencional ¿ dado que o autor deste trabalho é um engenheiro experiente em uma das mais bem conceituadas concessionárias brasileiras, entende-se que o detalhamento destes estudos é de extrema importância para a academia; (2) desenvolver modelos de modernos relés digitais de proteção nos ambientes MATLAB/Simulink, ATP/ATPDraw e ANATEM e utilizar estes modelos em esquemas de proteção suficientemente flexíveis para permitir a viabilidade do ilhamento intencional de geradores síncronos distribuídos. Na avaliação do desempenho de dispositivos de proteção para a formação do ilhamento, são utilizados modelos de relés digitais de proteção desenvolvidos durante o mestrado do autor, bem como novos modelos de relés. Os novos modelos de relés foram desenvolvidos para serem usados em ambientes de análise de transitórios eletromecânicos e eletromagnéticos, como o MATLAB/Simulink, ATP/ATPDraw e ANATEM, constituindo uma poderosa ferramenta de análise e simulação, pois permitem que as interações entre o sistema de proteção e a dinâmica do sistema sejam visualizadas no domínio do tempo. Palavras-chave: Geração distribuída, ilhamento intencional, proteção / Abstract: Nowadays, the utilities have strong interest in practicing the intentional islanding, i.e., the islanded operation of part of the electrical power system fed by distributed generators. This interest is resulted by the capacity of distributed generators to decrease outages and, therefore, to increase system reliability. The success of intentional islanding practice relies on the previous knowledge of all the possible contingencies which may result in islanded operation. These contingencies may be scheduled maintenances or even the loss of distribution substations or transmission lines. Under these circumstances, a common practice is to use the distributed synchronous generators to feed the islanded system and to assure the voltage frequency and magnitude control with the speed governor and voltage regulator actuation, respectively. One of the most important aspects that must be considered in electric power systems planning is the performance of protection system, since the relay settings are not flexible enough to assure the suitable operation before and after the islanding occurrence. In this context, this work has two main contributions: (1) to present a detailed study of intentional islanding technical feasibility ¿ the author is a senior engineer at one of the most important Brazilian utilities, as a result the presentation of how to perform these studies in detail is extremely important for Academy; (2) to develop modern digital relays models using time domain simulation tools such as MATLAB/Simulink, ATP/ATPDraw and ANATEM and to use these models in sufficiently flexible protection schemes to achieve successful intentional islanding operations with synchronous generators. The evaluation of protection systems performance for the intentional islanding practice explore the implemented digital relays models in time domain simulations performed using MATLAB/Simulink, ATP/ATPDraw and ANATEM. This option is an important analysis tool that allows the evaluation of the interaction between protection system and system dynamics during the time. Key-words: Distributed generation, intentional islanding, protection / Doutorado / Energia Eletrica / Doutor em Engenharia Elétrica

This thesis describes the provision of the data communication of the new protection relays via 6 kV switch gears to the electro monitoring system at the Dukovany Nuclear Power Station. These protection relays will replace the current analog protection. The replacement process will start in 2015 and will finish in 2018. Given the overall complexity of the project, this thesis deals only with the following 6 kV switch gears 9BB and 9BD. The thesis is divided into a theoretical and a practical part. The theoretical part concerns the actual consumption and output of the Dukovany Nuclear Power Station. The following chapters describe the electro monitoring system and GRAF and LOGA software programs that are closely connected with it and that were used in the practical part. The last chapter of the theoretical part deals with the actual replacement of the protection relays of the 6 kV switch gears. Also, it describes a new optical network, which will be set up at the Dukovany Nuclear Power Station as a part of the process of replacement. The segment of the practical part concerns laboratory verification of the data communication of the new protection relays. Next, it describes actions that had to be taken in order to ensure and verify correct functionality of the data communication. This part is followed up by a closely related practical activity, which describes examination and verification of the protection functions of each of the 9BB and 9BD switch gears protection relays.

I en fördelarstation i Ellevios elnät i Stockholm har en viktig konfigurationsfil försvunnit. Filen används för att beskriva styr- och kommunikationssystemet för övervakning och fjärrmanövrering av stationen från en driftcentral. Dessutom behöver operativsystemet på en enhet i kommunikationssystemet uppdateras. Det misstänks att konfigurationsfilen som har försvunnit behövs för att genomföra uppdateringen. Det visar sig att konfigurationsfilen inte behövs för att genomföra uppdateringen av operativsystemet. Två metoder utvecklas därför, en för att genomföra uppdateringen av kommunikationsenheten, och en för att återskapa konfigurationsfilen. Den första metoden beskriver hur operativsystemet på en Remote Terminal Unit i ABB:s RTU500-serie kan uppdateras från firmwareversion 11 till version 12. Den andra metoden beskriver hur en fullständig konfigurationsfil, i form av en Substation Configuration Description (SCD) kan återskapas för stationen. Den senare metoden utvecklas specifikt för den enskilda stationen, men skulle kunna vidareutvecklas för att återskapa SCD-filen i fler stationer där samma problem idag finns. Metoden för att genomföra uppdatering av operativsystemet används framgångsrikt för att genomföra själva uppdateringen. Metoden för att återskapa konfigurationsfilen testas genom att en konfiguration för en ny kommunikationsenhet genereras baserat på den återskapade konfigurationen.  Genom att tillämpa dessa metoder kan tillförlitligheten för styr- och kommunikationssystem med IEC 61850-teknologi förbättras. Detta kan leda till ökad tillförlitlighet vid elleverans, eftersom kommunikationssystemet används för att övervaka elnätet och hantera fel genom fjärrstyrning. Detta minskar behovet av fysiska besök till stationen. Rapporten är ett examensarbete för programmet Högskoleingenjör i elektroteknik. Examensarbetet utfördes under våren 2023 på företaget Omexom Sweden. / In a distribution substation in Ellevio's power grid in Stockholm, an important configuration file has gone missing. The file is used to describe the control and communication system for monitoring and remote operation of the substation from a control centre. Additionally, the operating system on a device within the communication system needs to be updated. It is suspected that the missing configuration file is required to perform the update. It turns out that the configuration file is not needed to carry out the operating system update. As a result, two methods are developed: one for performing the update of the communication unit and another for recreating the configuration file. The first method describes how the operating system on a Remote Terminal Unit in ABB’s RTU500 series can be updated from firmware version 11 to version 12. The second method explains how a complete configuration file, in the form of a Substation Configuration Description (SCD) can be recreated for the substation. Although the latter method is specifically tailored for the individual substation, it could be further refined to recreate the SCD file in several other stations with the same issue. The method for performing the operating system update is successfully utilized to carry out the update itself. The method for recreating the configuration file is tested by generating a configuration for a new communication unit based on the reconstructed configuration. By implementing these methods, the reliability of the IEC 61850-based control and communication system can be enhanced. This can lead to improved reliability of power delivery since the communication system is used to monitor the power grid and manage faults through remote control. Thereby, the need for physical visits to the substation is reduced. The report is a thesis for the Bachelor program in Electrical Engineering. The thesis was carried out during the spring of 2023 at the company Omexom Sweden.

Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Master of Technology: Electrical Engineering in the Faculty of Engineering at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology Supervisor: Prof. R. Tzoneva Co-supervisor: Prof. P. Petev 2013 / Busbars are the most important components in the distribution networks. Faults on the busbar are uncommon, however an occurrence of a busbar fault can lead to a major loss of power. Busbars are the areas in a substation where the levels of current are high and therefore the protective relay application is very critical. In order for the protection scheme to be successful it is important to carry out the following specifications: Selectivity, Stability, Sensitivity, and Speed. To meet all of the above requirements protection must be reliable, meaning that the protection scheme must trip when called up to do so (dependability) and it must not trip when it’s not supposed to (security). The thesis focuses on the reverse blocking busbar protection scheme with aim to improve the speed of its operation and at the same time to increase operational reliability, flexibility and stability of the protection during external and internal faults by implementation of the extended functionality provided by the IEC61850 standard-based protective IEDs. The practical implementation of the scheme by the use of IEC 61850 standard communication protocol is investigated. The research analyzes in detail the reverse blocking busbar protection scheme that is used at the moment in the power systems and it develops an improved IEC 61850 based reverse blocking busbar protection scheme for a distribution network. The proposed scheme is designed for a radial type of a distribution network and is modeled and simulated in the DigSILENT software environment for various faults on the busbar and its outgoing feeders. The results from the simulations are used further for implementation of the designed protection scheme. A laboratory test bench is build using three compliant with the IEC 61850 standard ABB IEDs 670 series, CMC 356 Omicron test injection device, PC, MOXA switch, and a DC power supplier. Two ways of the reverse blocking signals between the IEDs implementation are considered: hard wired and Ethernet communication by using IEC 61850 standard GOOSE messages. Comparative experimental study of the operational trip response speed of the two implementation shows that the performance of the protection scheme for the case of Ethernet communication is better The thesis findings and deliverables will be used for postgraduate studies of other students, research, short courses, and solution of industrial problems. Keywords: Busbar, Power system, reverse busbar blocking scheme; IEC61850; Distribution, Protection relays, IEDs, GOOSE message, laboratory test bench