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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Proto-oncogene c-kit : structure and relationship to the transmembrane receptor kinases /

Qiu, Fei-Hua. January 1989 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Cornell University, January, 1989. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
2

Receptor tyrosine kinase c-Kit signalling in hematopoietic progenitor cells /

Edling, Charlotte, January 2006 (has links)
Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Umeå universitet, 2006. / Härtill 3 uppsatser.
3

Análise de mutações do gene KIT em pacientes com melanoma de mucosa de cabeça e pescoço e relação clínica retrospectiva / Mutation analysis of gene KIT in patients with head and neck mucosal melanoma and retrospective clinical correlation

Mendonça, Ullyanov Bezerra Toscano de 21 September 2015 (has links)
Introdução: O melanoma mucoso de cabeça e pescoço (MMCP) é mais agressivo do que o melanoma cutâneo, marcadores prognósticos desta patologia não foram completamente esclarecidos devido a sua raridade. Em recentes estudos, algumas vias moleculares foram descritas na fisiopatologia destes tumores. Entre estas vias, existe a via da MAPK (Mitogen Activated Protein Quinase). Esta via de sinalização está envolvida no controle do crescimento celular, proliferação e migração, com um papel no desenvolvimento e progressão do melanoma. Além disso, a mutação do gene KIT foi identificada em melanomas, indicando a possibilidade de benefícios terapêuticos com o uso dos inibidores de tirosino-quinase. Objetivos: descrever a prevalência e características de mutações ativadoras do gene KIT em 28 pacientes com MMCP tratados no Instituto Nacional do Câncer-INCa; avaliar a relação entre a presença de mutação ativadora do gene KIT e evolução clínica dos pacientes tratados em relação ao estadiamento, sobrevida livre de doença e sobrevida global. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo de coorte, foram incluídos 28 pacientes com MMCP tratados no INCA, entre 1998 e 2009. Foram analisados: estadiamento, tratamento primário, sobrevida livre de doença (SLD) e sobrevida global (SG). As curvas de sobrevida foram analisados utilizando o método de Kaplan-Meier, com software SPS 11.0. Análise KIT: O DNA foi extraído a partir de tecido incluído e fixado em parafina. O procedimento consiste de múltiplas etapas de desparafinização com xilol. Os restos celulares são precipitados por centrifugação e o DNA, no sobrenadante é utilizado nas reações de PCR (direto ou diluído). A análise mutacional do gene foi realizada utilizando-se a amplificação por PCR seguida pelo sequenciamento genômico. As análises são iniciadas pelo éxon 11, seguidas do éxon 9, 17 e 13. Resultados: Os pacientes eram predominantemente do sexo feminino (57%). A idade de apresentação variou de 27 a 85 anos. A região nasossinusal foi o sítio primário mais frequente (75%). Todos os pacientes foram submetidos a ressecção cirúrgica. Dezessete pacientes receberam radioterapia adjuvante (37%). As recorrências ocorreram em 82% dos pacientes. Presença de mutação de KIT foi encontrada em 7 casos (25%), três no éxon 9, 3 no éxon 11 e 1 no éxon 13. Fatores preditivos de recorrência foram índice mitótico (p = 0,05), invasão vascular (p = 0,043), e a disseminação perineural (p = 0,034). Não houve diferenças significativas na SLD e SG de acordo com a mutação KIT. Conclusão: A presente série incluiu 28 casos tratados. Sete casos (25%) tinham mutações ativadoras KIT. Esta descoberta sugere que existe um grupo de pacientes que poderiam se beneficiar com a terapia-alvo adequado com inibidores de tirosino-quinase / Unlike their cutaneous counterparts, head and neck mucosal malignant melanomas (HNMM) behave much more aggressively and their prognostic markers have not been fully elucidated. In recent studies, some molecular pathways have been found to be involved in the pathogenesis of melanomas. Among these, there is a proliferative MAPK pathway (\"Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase\"). This signaling pathway is involved in controlling cell growth, proliferation and migration, with a role in the development and progression of melanoma. In addition, KIT gene mutation has been identified in melanomas, indicating that there may be potential therapeutic benefits of tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Objectives: Evaluation of KIT mutation prevalence in a subset of 28 patients with HNMM treated at a single institution, establishing the relationship between different mutations and outcome (DFS and OS). The primary end-point of the study was to define the incidence of KIT mutations in HNMM, including the relationship between KIT mutations with disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) in HNMM. Secondary end-points were correlation among therapeutic options, histopathological findings, demographic data and clinical response. Methods: This retrospective study comprised data of 28 patients with HNMM treated at Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA) between 2000 and 2011. Clinical analysis included patients characteristics, staging, primary and palliative treatments, disease free survival and overall survival. Progression-free survival and overall survival were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method, with SPS 11.0 software. KIT analysis: paraffin blocks were selected following analyses of histologic preparations, enabling DNA extraction. Different DNA concentrations were employed in PCR amplifications, based on DNA integrity. PCR amplification of exon, 9, 11, 13 and 17 was performed. . Results: Patients were predominantly females (57%). The age of presentation ranged from 27 to 85 years. The sinonasal region was the most frequent primary site (75%). All patients underwent surgical resection. Seventeen patients received adjuvant radiotherapy (37%). Recurrences occurred in 82% patients. Oncologic mutations in KIT were found in 7 (25%) of seven tumors, 3 in exon 9, 3 in exon 11 and 1 in exon 13. Predictive factors for recurrence were mitotic rate (p=0.05), vascular invasion (p=0.043), and perineural spread (p=0.034). There were no significant differences in DFS and OS according to KIT mutation. Conclusion: HNMM remains a rare disease. The present single-institution series includes 28 cases treated in single institution. Seven cases (25%) had activating KIT mutations, which is an increased prevalence of activating KIT mutations in this specific subset of mucosal melanomas. This finding suggests that there is a group of patients who might benefit with appropriate targeted therapy with kinase inhibitors
4

Análise de mutações do gene KIT em pacientes com melanoma de mucosa de cabeça e pescoço e relação clínica retrospectiva / Mutation analysis of gene KIT in patients with head and neck mucosal melanoma and retrospective clinical correlation

Ullyanov Bezerra Toscano de Mendonça 21 September 2015 (has links)
Introdução: O melanoma mucoso de cabeça e pescoço (MMCP) é mais agressivo do que o melanoma cutâneo, marcadores prognósticos desta patologia não foram completamente esclarecidos devido a sua raridade. Em recentes estudos, algumas vias moleculares foram descritas na fisiopatologia destes tumores. Entre estas vias, existe a via da MAPK (Mitogen Activated Protein Quinase). Esta via de sinalização está envolvida no controle do crescimento celular, proliferação e migração, com um papel no desenvolvimento e progressão do melanoma. Além disso, a mutação do gene KIT foi identificada em melanomas, indicando a possibilidade de benefícios terapêuticos com o uso dos inibidores de tirosino-quinase. Objetivos: descrever a prevalência e características de mutações ativadoras do gene KIT em 28 pacientes com MMCP tratados no Instituto Nacional do Câncer-INCa; avaliar a relação entre a presença de mutação ativadora do gene KIT e evolução clínica dos pacientes tratados em relação ao estadiamento, sobrevida livre de doença e sobrevida global. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo de coorte, foram incluídos 28 pacientes com MMCP tratados no INCA, entre 1998 e 2009. Foram analisados: estadiamento, tratamento primário, sobrevida livre de doença (SLD) e sobrevida global (SG). As curvas de sobrevida foram analisados utilizando o método de Kaplan-Meier, com software SPS 11.0. Análise KIT: O DNA foi extraído a partir de tecido incluído e fixado em parafina. O procedimento consiste de múltiplas etapas de desparafinização com xilol. Os restos celulares são precipitados por centrifugação e o DNA, no sobrenadante é utilizado nas reações de PCR (direto ou diluído). A análise mutacional do gene foi realizada utilizando-se a amplificação por PCR seguida pelo sequenciamento genômico. As análises são iniciadas pelo éxon 11, seguidas do éxon 9, 17 e 13. Resultados: Os pacientes eram predominantemente do sexo feminino (57%). A idade de apresentação variou de 27 a 85 anos. A região nasossinusal foi o sítio primário mais frequente (75%). Todos os pacientes foram submetidos a ressecção cirúrgica. Dezessete pacientes receberam radioterapia adjuvante (37%). As recorrências ocorreram em 82% dos pacientes. Presença de mutação de KIT foi encontrada em 7 casos (25%), três no éxon 9, 3 no éxon 11 e 1 no éxon 13. Fatores preditivos de recorrência foram índice mitótico (p = 0,05), invasão vascular (p = 0,043), e a disseminação perineural (p = 0,034). Não houve diferenças significativas na SLD e SG de acordo com a mutação KIT. Conclusão: A presente série incluiu 28 casos tratados. Sete casos (25%) tinham mutações ativadoras KIT. Esta descoberta sugere que existe um grupo de pacientes que poderiam se beneficiar com a terapia-alvo adequado com inibidores de tirosino-quinase / Unlike their cutaneous counterparts, head and neck mucosal malignant melanomas (HNMM) behave much more aggressively and their prognostic markers have not been fully elucidated. In recent studies, some molecular pathways have been found to be involved in the pathogenesis of melanomas. Among these, there is a proliferative MAPK pathway (\"Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase\"). This signaling pathway is involved in controlling cell growth, proliferation and migration, with a role in the development and progression of melanoma. In addition, KIT gene mutation has been identified in melanomas, indicating that there may be potential therapeutic benefits of tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Objectives: Evaluation of KIT mutation prevalence in a subset of 28 patients with HNMM treated at a single institution, establishing the relationship between different mutations and outcome (DFS and OS). The primary end-point of the study was to define the incidence of KIT mutations in HNMM, including the relationship between KIT mutations with disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) in HNMM. Secondary end-points were correlation among therapeutic options, histopathological findings, demographic data and clinical response. Methods: This retrospective study comprised data of 28 patients with HNMM treated at Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA) between 2000 and 2011. Clinical analysis included patients characteristics, staging, primary and palliative treatments, disease free survival and overall survival. Progression-free survival and overall survival were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method, with SPS 11.0 software. KIT analysis: paraffin blocks were selected following analyses of histologic preparations, enabling DNA extraction. Different DNA concentrations were employed in PCR amplifications, based on DNA integrity. PCR amplification of exon, 9, 11, 13 and 17 was performed. . Results: Patients were predominantly females (57%). The age of presentation ranged from 27 to 85 years. The sinonasal region was the most frequent primary site (75%). All patients underwent surgical resection. Seventeen patients received adjuvant radiotherapy (37%). Recurrences occurred in 82% patients. Oncologic mutations in KIT were found in 7 (25%) of seven tumors, 3 in exon 9, 3 in exon 11 and 1 in exon 13. Predictive factors for recurrence were mitotic rate (p=0.05), vascular invasion (p=0.043), and perineural spread (p=0.034). There were no significant differences in DFS and OS according to KIT mutation. Conclusion: HNMM remains a rare disease. The present single-institution series includes 28 cases treated in single institution. Seven cases (25%) had activating KIT mutations, which is an increased prevalence of activating KIT mutations in this specific subset of mucosal melanomas. This finding suggests that there is a group of patients who might benefit with appropriate targeted therapy with kinase inhibitors
5

Avaliação anatomoclínica e molecular do melanoma cutâneo em pacientes jovens (idade 18-30 anos) / Clinicopathologic and molecular evaluation of cutaneous melanoma in young patients (age 18-30)

Estrozi, Bruna 28 January 2015 (has links)
A incidência do melanoma cutâneo em pacientes adultos jovens tem aumentado consideravelmente nos últimos anos. Há, contudo, carência de conhecimentos clinicopatológicos e moleculares sobre os melanomas que ocorrem nessa faixa etária. O presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar 132 casos de melanoma cutâneo primário em pacientes com idade entre 18 e 30 anos, com ênfase no estudo das características clínicas, histopatológicas e avaliação molecular das mutações nos genes BRAF, NRAS e KIT. Em relação aos achados clínicos e histopatológicos, houve predomínio de indivíduos do sexo feminino (61,4%), sendo o tronco o sítio anatômico mais comumente envolvido (44,3%) e o melanoma extensivo superficial o tipo histológico predominante (79,5%). A mutação V600E no gene BRAF (BRAFV600E) foi analisada em 93 casos, utilizando-se a técnica de RT-PCR. Essa mutação foi identificada em 38,7% (36/93) e, estatisticamente, associada à fase vertical de crescimento (p = 0,01), infiltrado inflamatório discreto (p = 0,02) e presença de mitose intradérmica (p = 0,004). Houve, ainda, forte indício de associação com a presença de ulceração (p = 0,05). Todas essas variáveis apresentaram associação com pior prognóstico do melanoma cutâneo. Observou-se predomínio da mutação BRAFV600E em regiões anatômicas relacionadas à exposição solar intermitente. Nenhum caso de melanoma com fenômeno de regressão apresentou mutação BRAFV600E (p < 0,05). Não houve associação significativa entre BRAFV600E e sexo, tipo histológico, nível de Clark, índice de Breslow, elastose solar, invasão angiolinfática e perineural, satelitose, nevo melanocítico coexistente e sobrevida. A pesquisa de mutações NRAS, pela técnica de RT-PCR, detectou frequência de 3,95% (3/76). As três mutações encontradas foram do tipo 61K e ocorreram em pacientes do sexo masculino e em região de cabeça e pescoço. As mutações BRAFV600E e NRAS, quando presentes, eram mutuamente exclusivas. A frequência de mutações KIT, analisadas por sequenciamento, foi de 11,1% (3/27). As três mutações identificadas estavam localizadas no éxon 9 (G510, G498S e 489I). Houve concomitância de casos com mutação KIT tanto com NRAS, como com BRAFV600E. Devido ao pequeno número de casos com mutação em KIT e NRAS, não foi possível estabelecer correlações clínicas e histopatológicas com esses genes. Este estudo é o primeiro a descrever as mutações G510D e G498S no gene KIT em melanomas cutâneos. No presente estudo, a mutação BRAFV600E, em melanomas cutâneos de adultos jovens, correlacionou-se com características anatomoclínicas de pior prognóstico em relação aos melanomas selvagens para BRAFV600E / The incidence of cutaneous melanoma in young adults has dramatically increased in recent years. However, there is scarce data about the clinicopathological and molecular characteristics on the melanomas occurring at this age group. The present study aimed to evaluate 132 patients aged between 18 and 30 years with primary cutaneous melanoma with emphasis on the study of clinical, histopathological characteristics and molecular evaluation of mutations in BRAF, NRAS and KIT genes. Regarding the clinical and histopathological findings, the following results were found: female predominance (61.4%), trunk was the most commonly anatomical site involved (44.3%) and superficial spreading melanoma, was the most common histological type (79.5 %). The V600E mutation in BRAF (BRAFV600E) gene was analyzed in 93 cases, using RT-PCR. It was present in 38.7% (36/93) and statistically related to the vertical growth phase (p = 0.01), mild inflammatory infiltration (p = 0.02) and the presence of intradermal mitosis (p = 0.004). There was, also, strongly evidence of an association with the presence of ulceration (p = 0.05). Worse prognosis was associated with these variables. There was a predominance of BRAFV600E mutation in anatomical regions related to intermittent sun exposure. No cases of melanoma with BRAFV600E mutation showed regression phenomenon (p < 0.05). There was no significant association between BRAFV600E and gender, histological type, Clark level, Breslow thickness, solar elastosis, angiolymphatic and perineural invasion, sattelitosis, coexisting melanocytic nevus and survival. The presence of a mutation in NRAS, by RT-PCR was seen in 3.95% (3/76) of the cases. All these three mutations were of type 61K, occurred in male patients and the head and neck region. BRAFV600E and NRAS mutations, when present, were mutually exclusive. The frequency of KIT mutations, analyzed by sequencing, was 11.1% (3/27). The three mutations identified in this gene were located in exon 9 (G510, G498S and 489I). Concomitant mutations were found between KIT and NRAS and BRAFV600E. Due to the small number of KIT and NRAS mutated cases, it was not possible to establish clinical and histopathological correlations and mutation status in these genes. This study was the first to describe the G510D and G498S mutations in KIT gene in cutaneous melanomas. In the present study, BRAFV600E mutation in cutaneous melanoma of young adults correlated with anatomic and clinical features of worse prognosis compared to wild type
6

Avaliação anatomoclínica e molecular do melanoma cutâneo em pacientes jovens (idade 18-30 anos) / Clinicopathologic and molecular evaluation of cutaneous melanoma in young patients (age 18-30)

Bruna Estrozi 28 January 2015 (has links)
A incidência do melanoma cutâneo em pacientes adultos jovens tem aumentado consideravelmente nos últimos anos. Há, contudo, carência de conhecimentos clinicopatológicos e moleculares sobre os melanomas que ocorrem nessa faixa etária. O presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar 132 casos de melanoma cutâneo primário em pacientes com idade entre 18 e 30 anos, com ênfase no estudo das características clínicas, histopatológicas e avaliação molecular das mutações nos genes BRAF, NRAS e KIT. Em relação aos achados clínicos e histopatológicos, houve predomínio de indivíduos do sexo feminino (61,4%), sendo o tronco o sítio anatômico mais comumente envolvido (44,3%) e o melanoma extensivo superficial o tipo histológico predominante (79,5%). A mutação V600E no gene BRAF (BRAFV600E) foi analisada em 93 casos, utilizando-se a técnica de RT-PCR. Essa mutação foi identificada em 38,7% (36/93) e, estatisticamente, associada à fase vertical de crescimento (p = 0,01), infiltrado inflamatório discreto (p = 0,02) e presença de mitose intradérmica (p = 0,004). Houve, ainda, forte indício de associação com a presença de ulceração (p = 0,05). Todas essas variáveis apresentaram associação com pior prognóstico do melanoma cutâneo. Observou-se predomínio da mutação BRAFV600E em regiões anatômicas relacionadas à exposição solar intermitente. Nenhum caso de melanoma com fenômeno de regressão apresentou mutação BRAFV600E (p < 0,05). Não houve associação significativa entre BRAFV600E e sexo, tipo histológico, nível de Clark, índice de Breslow, elastose solar, invasão angiolinfática e perineural, satelitose, nevo melanocítico coexistente e sobrevida. A pesquisa de mutações NRAS, pela técnica de RT-PCR, detectou frequência de 3,95% (3/76). As três mutações encontradas foram do tipo 61K e ocorreram em pacientes do sexo masculino e em região de cabeça e pescoço. As mutações BRAFV600E e NRAS, quando presentes, eram mutuamente exclusivas. A frequência de mutações KIT, analisadas por sequenciamento, foi de 11,1% (3/27). As três mutações identificadas estavam localizadas no éxon 9 (G510, G498S e 489I). Houve concomitância de casos com mutação KIT tanto com NRAS, como com BRAFV600E. Devido ao pequeno número de casos com mutação em KIT e NRAS, não foi possível estabelecer correlações clínicas e histopatológicas com esses genes. Este estudo é o primeiro a descrever as mutações G510D e G498S no gene KIT em melanomas cutâneos. No presente estudo, a mutação BRAFV600E, em melanomas cutâneos de adultos jovens, correlacionou-se com características anatomoclínicas de pior prognóstico em relação aos melanomas selvagens para BRAFV600E / The incidence of cutaneous melanoma in young adults has dramatically increased in recent years. However, there is scarce data about the clinicopathological and molecular characteristics on the melanomas occurring at this age group. The present study aimed to evaluate 132 patients aged between 18 and 30 years with primary cutaneous melanoma with emphasis on the study of clinical, histopathological characteristics and molecular evaluation of mutations in BRAF, NRAS and KIT genes. Regarding the clinical and histopathological findings, the following results were found: female predominance (61.4%), trunk was the most commonly anatomical site involved (44.3%) and superficial spreading melanoma, was the most common histological type (79.5 %). The V600E mutation in BRAF (BRAFV600E) gene was analyzed in 93 cases, using RT-PCR. It was present in 38.7% (36/93) and statistically related to the vertical growth phase (p = 0.01), mild inflammatory infiltration (p = 0.02) and the presence of intradermal mitosis (p = 0.004). There was, also, strongly evidence of an association with the presence of ulceration (p = 0.05). Worse prognosis was associated with these variables. There was a predominance of BRAFV600E mutation in anatomical regions related to intermittent sun exposure. No cases of melanoma with BRAFV600E mutation showed regression phenomenon (p < 0.05). There was no significant association between BRAFV600E and gender, histological type, Clark level, Breslow thickness, solar elastosis, angiolymphatic and perineural invasion, sattelitosis, coexisting melanocytic nevus and survival. The presence of a mutation in NRAS, by RT-PCR was seen in 3.95% (3/76) of the cases. All these three mutations were of type 61K, occurred in male patients and the head and neck region. BRAFV600E and NRAS mutations, when present, were mutually exclusive. The frequency of KIT mutations, analyzed by sequencing, was 11.1% (3/27). The three mutations identified in this gene were located in exon 9 (G510, G498S and 489I). Concomitant mutations were found between KIT and NRAS and BRAFV600E. Due to the small number of KIT and NRAS mutated cases, it was not possible to establish clinical and histopathological correlations and mutation status in these genes. This study was the first to describe the G510D and G498S mutations in KIT gene in cutaneous melanomas. In the present study, BRAFV600E mutation in cutaneous melanoma of young adults correlated with anatomic and clinical features of worse prognosis compared to wild type
7

Stem cell factor/c-Kit signalling in normal and androgenetic alopecia hair follicles

Randall, Valerie A., Jenner, Tracey J., Hibberts, Nigel A., De Oliveira, Isabel O., Vafaee, Tayyebeh January 2008 (has links)
Androgens stimulate many hair follicles to alter hair colour and size via the hair growth cycle; in androgenetic alopecia tiny, pale hairs gradually replace large, pigmented ones. Since stem cell factor (SCF) is important in embryonic melanocyte migration and maintaining adult rodent pigmentation, we investigated SCF/c-Kit signalling in human hair follicles to determine whether this was altered in androgenetic alopecia. Quantitative immunohistochemistry detected three melanocyte-lineage markers and c-Kit in four focus areas: the epidermis, infundibulum, hair bulb (where pigment is formed) and mid-follicle outer root sheath (ORS). Colocalisation confirmed melanocyte c-Kit expression; cultured follicular melanocytes also exhibited c-Kit. Few ORS cells expressed differentiated melanocyte markers or c-Kit, but NKI/beteb antibody, which also recognises early melanocyte-lineage antigens, identified fourfold more cells, confirmed by colocalisation. Occasional similar bulbar cells were seen. Melanocyte distribution, concentration and c-Kit expression were unaltered in balding follicles. Androgenetic alopecia cultured dermal papilla cells secreted less SCF, measured by ELISA, than normal cells. This identifies three types of melanocyte-lineage cells in human follicles. The c-Kit expression by dendritic, pigmenting, bulbar melanocytes and rounded, differentiated, non-pigmenting ORS melanocytes implicate SCF in maintaining pigmentation and migration into regenerating hair bulbs. Less differentiated, c-Kit-independent cells in the mid-follicle ORS stem cell niche and occasionally in the bulb, presumably a local reserve for long scalp hair growth, implicate other factors in activating stem cells. Androgens appear to reduce alopecia hair colour by inhibiting dermal papilla SCF production, impeding bulbar melanocyte pigmentation. These results may facilitate new treatments for hair colour changes in hirsutism, alopecia or greying.

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