Possibilities of Breast Cancer Patients in Connection with Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Oncological disease is one of the diseases basically no one is able to influence. It is not a disease anyone would want. It starts slowly, stealthily and is often overlooked. Yet, oncological disease always changes our whole past life, within family, workplace, and our leisure activities, both in physical and psychological terms. Any patient deals with this disease differently, also the approach to these patients has to be highly individualized. Every patient goes through all the phases of the disease at a different pace and with varying success and every patient copes with it in a different way and is then able to return to his or her old life. Oncological disease is one of the most serious diseases and I dare say that breast cancer is for women very traumatic, changing their position in all roles; intensity is usually placed on a woman?s psyche. Every woman needs an individual approach from a physician, non-physician and especially from her family. The disease does not affect only the patient, but also the whole family and her environment. This diploma thesis deals with the possibilities of breast cancer patients in connection with plastic reconstructive surgery. Four objectives were set... The first objective was to determine the level of patient awareness of the possibilities of reconstructing the missing breast. The research showed that patients lack information and the majority of respondents received complete information from a mammologist, or a surgeon when dealing with the primary breast cancer diagnosis. The second objective was to find out whether patients are interested in co-decisions on the method of breast reconstruction. Based on the research, we concluded that yes, they are interested in deciding on the method, but it is important for them to have enough information and to know the doctor?s opinion. The third objective was to see whether patients have the opportunity to co-decide on the method of breast reconstruction. The results showed that patients have the possibility to decide on the choice of method, but in dependence on the possibilities, which are for each patient individual. It is not possible to use and select from all methods for each patient, it is necessary to approach each respondent individually and with complete knowledge of the course of her disease. The fourth objective was to define the most frequent patients? questions in connection with breast reconstruction. The results of interviews showed that the most frequently asked questions related to the length and number of hospitalizations and return to the social, professional and personal life. The diploma thesis is divided into two parts?theoretical and empirical. The theoretical part describes the historical development of reconstructing the missing breast, primary cancer disease and its classification. A greater part includes the possibilities of reconstructing the missing breast and specific nursing care for these patients. To process the empirical part of this thesis, qualitative research was chosen. The method of questioning, using semi-structured interviews with open questions, was selected. The research sample consisted of 11 patients at the Department of Plastic Surgery, University Hospital in Pilsen and 1 client of Mama Help Center in Pilsen. Three research questions were formulated. 1. What are the obstacles to the lack of information about breast reconstruction? The research shows that the patients outside the big specialized mammological centers have less access to specialized information and the research shows generally apparent absence of written information for patients on this topic.

Name: An overview of the performance of men and women in the discipline of the 100 m freestyle at the Olympics from 1924 to 2016. Aim: The first aim of the diploma thesis is to create a historical overview of the course of swimming competitions at the modern Olympics from 1924 to 2016. The second aim is to process personal profiles of male anf female swimmers at the first places in the discipline of the 100 m freestyle from 1924 to 2016. And the third aim is to compile a performanceoverview of all male and female finalists in the discipline of the 100 m freestyle after two always following Olympics from 1924 to 2016. Methods: The historical method was used in the search for sources of historical data in the development of swimming and the processing of individual Olympic Games. It consisted of analyzing historical facts, examining sources and creating an overview of developments. Based on the search and processing of individual performances, graphs were prepared and then the results were compared. Outcome: From the analysis of performance, we found that in the period from 1924 to 2016, men improved by 19%, which represents 11.42 s, and women by 27%, which is 19.70 s. The results of the research show that the development of men's performance slowed down while women's performance is still improving....

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Title: The Comparison of Muscle Timing of Chosen Shoulder Girdle Muscles During Breaststroke Inside and Outside the Water Objectives: The aim of this thesis was to compare timing and activation of chosen shoulder girdle muscles during breaststroke in the pool with counterflow and during excercise with rubber expander. Methods: It was analyzed timing and level of muscle activation during swimming and simulating the same movement of upper extremities in the air against the power of rubber expander. As an objetification was used surface electromyography. One profesional swimer took part in this experiment Results: Based on results it seemed that the movement of upper extremities are different in the pool and in the air during swimming stroke of breaststroke. Most of the measurement were different in the pool and in the air. Keywords: swimming, breaststroke, EMG, WaS-EMG, electromyography, shoulder girdle muscles, timing

Title: Parameters of high performance swimmers training specialized in breaststroke swimming style. Aim of the study: The aim of this study was to determine the training load and performance development at leading Czech swimmer, winner of Czech records. Method: Reference period became a four-year olympic cycle before the Olympic Games in London in 2012. Data collection was implemented mainly through the study of documents - coach training diaries and race analysis. Computer processing of the data is performed through descriptive statistics, tabulations and graphic display and degree of dependence. Results: The investigation showed that the training load displacement characteristics observed in many parameters swimmer makes a lower value. Causal could be frequent medical complications. Yet training allowed the swimmer to complete quality training with little performance progression in their major disciplines 50 m and 100 m breaststroke and to start at world competitions. Key words; sports swimming, olympic cycle, training load, breaststroke swimming style.

Topic:Teaching school-age chidren a breaststroke swimming style with an usage of dolphin wave. Goals:The goal of the thesis is to teach young children (6-9 years old) breaststroke swimming style by usage a dolphin wave. Methods:The thesis is mainly descriptive multi-case study. We used standardized and even non- standardized methods. The teaching method had been applied to a group of six children (6-9 years old) and analyzed by the diploma thesis author after its application. In the same time we teach another group of six children by standard breatststroke didactics method, so we were able to compare both methods. Results:The application of dolphin wave method into didactic of breaststroke swimming style has advantages and even disadvantages. The advantage is mainly freedom of movement, so children can use their creativity and sence to find the optimal movement. On the other hand the freedom is also disadvantage, since it can cause a little chaos at the beginning of the training. The successfulness of both methods was same. In both groups four children learnt the breaststroke and two did not. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

The bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus), is considered to be a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally, particularly in infants and the elderly. It is one of the most frequent causes of respiratory tract infections, which sporadically have the potential to develop into serious invasive symptoms including sepsis and meningitis. The development of effective vaccination against this pathogen is essential for reducing the morbidity and mortality it causes since the currently available vaccines can protect against only a limited number of the 100 pneumococci serotypes which target the polysaccharidic capsule of the bacterium. The potential use of conserved protein antigens could provide a defense to a wider range of serotypes and clonal types. The immunogenic properties of the proteins MalX and PrsA as well as their role in vital biological functions of S. pneumoniae have made them stand out as potential targets. MalX is a crucial membrane protein involved in the metabolism of maltose, whereas PrsA is a chaperone-like protein that is connected to the cell envelope. To understand these proteins' potential as vaccine candidates, it is essential to understand their immunogenic characteristics and physiological roles. In this project, we tried to characterize the two antigens to determine the functional significance of different regions and domains in antigen recognition and their expression dynamics in bacterial host. A better understanding of the antigenic properties of the PrsA and MalX proteins will drive the construction of improved versions of antigens for vaccine prototypes. Some approaches were used to clarify the structural characteristics and antigenic determinants associated with these proteins including, protein expression, purification, and structural characterization. Additionally, their expression in E. coli was examined using immunological assays including ELISA and Western blot. The identification of antigenic regions of these proteins also provides insight into how to develop epitope-based vaccinations that specifically target S. pneumoniae. This project discusses the possibility of using membrane vesicles (MVs) as a platform for vaccination. Membrane vesicles made from bacterial cells have innate immunogenic qualities that expose the immune system to a wide variety of antigens. Incorporating MalX and PrsA into such vesicles can improve the vaccine candidate's overall immunogenicity and effectiveness and trigger a stronger immune response against S. pneumoniae.

Title: The evaluation of occurrence and quality of the most widely used swimming technique used by the public in Prague. Objectives: The aim of the thesis is to find out in selected Prague pools, which swimming technique is the most widely accepted by public. Identify and compare the specific technical deficiencies in the performance of the swimming techniques with respect to age and sex. Methods: Direct observation was used as the research method. The results of the observation were recorded in the pre-built tables. The recorded data was processed with statistical methods and subsequently were compared, evaluated and graphically represented. Results: It was found that the most used swimming technique by public in selected Pragues pools is Breaststroke. Swimming public often used just one of the techniques - breast, for swimming locomotion. In excess of half the pool visitors had deficiencies in their breaststroke technique. This was more pronounced in older people than younger people. There was also differences between male and female with the women adopting the incorrect action of tilting their head backwards. Keywords: swimming public, breaststroke technique, blunder, asymmetric movement of the legs, head bent backward

Title: Breaststroke style technique by public swimming in the Czech Republic and the USA Objectives: The aim of the thesis is to identify and compare the selected regions in the country and abroad, which is the most used swimming technique by public swimmers. Identify specific technical deficiencies of the breaststroke style performance, according to age and gender. Methods: Research methods used: direct observation, scaling-tabular record, comparison of data from different regions and selected groups of probands and methods of mathematical - statistical data processing. The data were analyzed and graphically illustrated. Results: It was found that the breaststroke is the most used technique by public swimmers in selected regions in the Czech Republic. The most used technique in the USA is the one similar to crawl. Breaststroke swimmers from the USA committed less blunders than breaststroke swimmers in the Czech Republic. More than a half of visitors to Czech pools swim breaststroke with blunders. Swimmers in the Czech Republic very often use only one technique for swimming locomotion - breaststroke. The elderly were observed more errors in the breaststroke technique, than generation of younger swimmers. Difference was observed between swimming technique of men and women - women often swim with...

The aim is to map the development of techniques of swimming for the period from 1896 to the present. The work will also outline changes to the rules swimming. Key words swimming styles, breast, crawl, backstroke, dolphin swimmer, Olympic games, development, rules of swimming