The philosophy of psychoanalysis is distinguished from psychoanalysis. An account of psychoanalysis is developed in progressively more detail. Recently published material is assessed, e.g., Bion's. Some older literature objects to an inaccurate account of psychoanalysis. This problem is avoided by treating the content and method of psychoanalysis as inseparable. / Psychoanalytic propositions have unequal epistemic warrant. Support and objections are found in psychoanalysis and extra-clinically. / Philosophical assessments are tied to the inherent features of both classical and contemporary psychoanalytic practice. Clinical psychoanalysis has interrelated procedures which continue to evolve. Both older and modern psychoanalysis have extra-clinical features and use concepts which have emerged from the clinical situation. / Modern clinical practice is distinguished. The evolved knowledge of countertransference, transference, projective identification, and interpretation are among its features. The analyst's function in the dyad is stressed and illustrated with recent cases. / The expanded clinical application to patients previously judged unanalyzable has produced modifications in theory. Theory is kept to a minimum and consists of flexibly linked concepts. They are a consistent development of recent practice. Some older concepts are inconsistent.

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This thesis provides an inter-disciplinary study of selected works by Ingmar Bergman. I explore how key concepts from Melanie Klein and Jean-Paul Sartre apply to the focus on characters in a state of heightened imagination; and the value placed on imagination in the construction of these films. This involves recognition of the way an active response from the viewer is encouraged. Klein, Sartre and Bergman also attend to contextual factors that challenge any notion of subjectivity as sovereign and the power of imagination is frequently placed in a social context. All three figures develop their ideas within specialised fields drawing on the influence of others. Chapter 2 shows how Klein’s ideas relate to the influence of Freud before exploring how her work can be applied to Bergman’s films through the example of Wild Strawberries. Chapter 3 concentrates on Sartre’s early work, The Imaginary and considers how this is significant in relation to some of Sartre’s better-known philosophical ideas developed during and after the Second World War. These ideas will lead to an exploration of The Seventh Seal. Chapters 4, 5, and 6 focus on three films from distinct parts of Bergman’s career: Summer with Monika, The Virgin Spring and Hour of the Wolf. In Chapter 4 this will be preceded by a brief over-view of three more films from the early part of Bergman’s career. These chapters explore how Kleinian and Sartrean ideas can be incorporated in close analysis, and alongside selected critical responses to the films. The analysis integrates key points from Klein and Sartre in a methodology specific to film studies. This will include analysis of cinematic elements such as camera work and lighting, and recognition of narrative structure and character development

Questo studio intende sondare la potenzialità speculativa di una filosofia squisitamente kojèviana che nasca dalla relazione originaria e originante tra il Desiderio e la Legge. Il privilegio ermeneutico accordato a questo plesso per un’indagine monografica dell’opera di Kojève si deve all’intuizione di un’unità fondamentale del suo pensiero. Si tratta di iniziare una ricerca sulla relazione analizzata alla luce della nuova ontologia che Kojève cercava di pensare. Noi sappiamo che Kojève è passato alla storia come l’«interprete di Hegel», come il doctor subtilis dei leggendari Seminari sulla Fenomenologia dello Spirito. L’Introduction à la lecture de Hegel è stato il Libro-Evento che ha lasciato il segno nel clima della Parigi del bagliore intellettuale degli anni Trenta e dei suoi insigni protagonisti, ma non fu che la punta dell’iceberg della produzione scientifica del nostro autore. La ricostruzione dell’opera omnia di Kojève, pertanto, è stata la base a partire dalla quale è divenuto possibile questo lavoro. A partire dagli scritti giovanili viene svelata la matrice scientifica e, allo stesso tempo, speculativa della riflessione kojèviana mediante la rilettura del Journal d’un philosophe (1920-1923) e dell’Idée du déterminisme dans la physique classique et dans la physique moderne (1932). La domanda sottesa, formulata in parte dallo stesso Kojève, è la seguente : è possibile associare la rivoluzione quantistica in fisica alla rivoluzione freudiana considerando che la determinazione relativa della realtà fisica implica e presuppone l’esistenza dell’inconscio psichico ? Le osservazioni preliminari sulla scienza sono state funzionali a fornire una risposta affermativa a tale questione e a presentare la genealogia della tesi principale di questo lavoro : il soggetto kojèviano non è solamente, à la Butler, un soggetto di desiderio ; ma, piuttosto, un soggetto di desiderio e legge. / This work seeks to explore the potential of the philosophy of Kojève, which has its offspring in the relation between Desire and Law. This plexus is regarded as the hermeneutic theme of the work of Kojève, based on the intuition of a fundamental unity within his thought. This study aims at starting a research about relationship, in the light of Kojève’s nouvelle ontologie. Kojève is regarded as «the interpreter» of Hegel and the doctor subtilis of the legendary Seminars on the Phenomenology of Spirit. The Introduction à la lecture de Hegel was the work that revolutionised the scholars in Paris in the 1930s, but it was only the tip of the iceberg of the author’s scientific production. Therefore, the reconstruction of the opera omnia of Kojève is the base of this work, which could not have been possible without it. The scientific and speculative roots of Kojève’s thought are evident since the early works of the author , and particularly the Journal d’un philosophe (1920-1923) and l’idée du déterminisme dans la physique classique et dans la physique moderne (1932). The main question, partly formulated by Kojève himself, is the following : can we associate the quantic revolution in physics to the revolution of psychoanalysis, given that the relative determination of physic reality implies the existence of the psychological unconscious ? The preliminary observations on science have been fundamental in order to give a positive answer to this question. They also represent the foundations of this research. According to Kojève, the subject is not simply, as Butler would hold, a subject of desire ; but a subject of desire and law.