The thesis is an attempt to reconcile contradictions and devise historical meaning from a problematic text. The book is Wilhelm Reich's Character Analysis, first published in 1933. This influential psychoanalytic work embodies both a radical social theory and disturbing authoritarian attitudes. The thesis uses a variety of methodologies, in particular Roland Barthes' techniques for ascribing historical meaning to certain formal qualities of writing. The thesis proceeds from a summary of methodological studies in intellectual history and criticism, including those of I. A. Richards, R. G. Collingwood, and Dominick LaCapra, as well as Barthes, to a description of Character Analysis and its various historical contexts - biographical, social, and intellectual. The thesis relies on the authoritative biography of Reich, by Myron Scharaf, on autobiographical accounts by Reich's wife and son, on other texts in psychoanalytic social theory by Erik Erikson, Erich Fromm, Herbert Marcuse, Georges Bataille, and Max Horkheimer, and on secondary scholarship on the origins of National Socialist ideology. The thesis argues that despite the influence of reactionary tendencies in Reich's personality and cultural and social milieu, Character Analysis remains a valuable work in the development of a convincing theory of liberation.

Three groups of women who had been diagnosed as having genital herpes completed a series of psychological assessments over the course of the four-month research period. One group received two-hour weekly group psychotherapy sessions for eight consecutive weeks as a mode of treatment intervention. Two control groups were used for efficacy of treatment comparison. One control group consisted of regular members of a local self-help chapter for herpes victims. The second control group was formed from those volunteers willing to participate, but who did not choose, or desire, any form of treatment, Outcome measures reflected a greater improvement in psychological adjustment following group therapy for the treatment group on depression, anxiety, and physical self-esteem as compared to the two control groups. Implications from the findings of this mode of therapy for genital herpes victims are reviewed and discussed.

While much research has examined factors thought to affect patient compliance with therapeutic regimen, relatively little is known about the relationship between psychiatric patients' attitudes toward treatment regimen and their adherence to the treatment regimen. Compliance rates for psychiatric patients remain the lowest of the medical patient population, probably due to psychological and social characteristics of psychiatric patients. Because of a trend in the United States toward self-medication for an increasingly ambulatory psychiatric patient population, the ability to predict patient compliance with medication regimen has become more important than ever before. Before potential noncompliers can be identified and patient compliance predicted through the use of attitudes, an examination of the nature of these attitudes is needed. Scientific literature and theory suggest that attitude is one of several variables which corresponds to behavior. Specific attitudes are thought to develop as a result of 2 real or vicarious experience with the attitude referent. In addition, research has shown that attitudes toward specific objects correlate highly with beliefs, behavioral intentions, and behavior. Therefore, it is hypothesized that psychiatric patients with prior medicine-taking experience will have developed different patterns of attitudes toward pharmacological treatment than will medicine-naive patients. The hypothesis implies that knowing these attitudes will permit prediction of compliance of experienced and naive patients with therapeutic regimen. As the first step of investigating using attitudes to predict compliance, a 20-item Likert-type rating scale, the Psychiatric Medicine Attitude Scale (PMAS), was developed. An alternate forms reliability coefficient of .93 was obtained. Mean score for Form A for the psychiatric medicineexperienced subjects was 2.85, for the medicine-naive subjects, 3.40. Form B scores were 3.17 for the experienced subjects and 3.51 for the naive subjects. These scores show that on both Forms A and B, individuals without prior experience with psychiatric medicine tended tb express more negative attitudes toward the referent object than did the subjects who had previous medicine experience. The next steps, outside the range of this project, will be to develop norms and to ascertain if compliance behaviors will be a function of PMAS scores.

The purpose of this thesis is to present an overview of the origins and uses of dreams and dream interpretation through the years. This is accomplished in two main sections. The first section traces the ancient history of dreams and their uses in various cultures. It begins with the first written evidence of dreams found in the Egyptian culture and is carried through the Babylonian, Greek and Roman Eras. The history also includes the use of dreams as documented in the Biblical Records, the Oriental cultures and during the era of Christianity. The superstitions about dreams during the Medieval era through to the Middle Ages is discussed.

This thesis shows how the metaphysical features of the Jungian collective unconscious can be demystified by viewing the collective unconscious through the lens of functionalism. The features of the collective unconscious that will be investigated in this thesis are the possibility of the collective unconscious being present in every person, the archetypes as being the formal feature of some of our modes of perception, psychic energy, and synchronicity. By admitting functionalism, Jung doesn't need to posit synchronicity to explain how it is possible for the archetypes to interact with the body. This is because functionalism can view mental states as being material without needing another connecting principle, i.e., synchronicity, which goes beyond scientific explanation. If mental states are material and the body is a material thing, there is no need for Jung to explain how the archetypes interact with the body through synchronicity. In viewing the collective unconscious as a functional system, synchronicity can be dismissed while still leaving the rest of Jung's psychological theory of the mind in place.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a public behavioral health (PBH) agency that had implemented continuous outcome feedback as a quality improvement strategy. Method: I investigated the pre-post treatment outcomes of 4,389 ethnically diverse youths (6 to 17 years old) at or under the poverty line participating in treatment (from January 2008 to March 2014) for a broad range of primary diagnoses including depression and anxiety disorders (23%); adjustment disorders (27%); Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (13%), various V-codes (18%); bipolar disorders (3%); and substance use disorders (2%). I also investigated the treatment outcomes for a subset of youth (N = 469) presenting with depression-related psychological distress. Treatment outcome was measured with the Outcome Rating Scale (ORS; Duncan, 2011; Miller & Duncan, 2004) and the child version: Child Outcome Rating Scale (Duncan Sparks, Miller, Bohanske, & Claud, 2006). Benchmark methodology allowed effect size comparisons to randomized clinical trials. Results: The average treatment effect size estimate of psychotherapy (d = 0.74) for all youth at the PBH agency was comparable to the average effect size estimate for treatment from nine clinical trials using client feedback, yet not equivalent to an average effect size estimate from feedback trials using the ORS. Compared to treatment-as-usual (TAU) groups, treatment at PBH was clinically superior to the TAU group outcomes in both the benchmark from all nine feedback trials and the TAU benchmark from the three ORS trials. The average treatment effect size estimate of psychotherapy (d = 1.51) for the PBH depression sample was clinically superior to a waitlist/no treatment benchmark drawn from 17 clinical trials of youth depression, and clinically equivalent to a treatment benchmark drawn from 13 youth depression clinical trials using intent-to-treat analyses. Conclusions: Despite the existing socioeconomic disparities in mental healthcare for youth, these findings demonstrate that mental health services to youth in poverty across an entire agency can be effective. Continuous outcome feedback can bridge the gap between research and practice and may be a feasible strategy to ensure quality of services for PBH agencies.

The purpose of this study was to determine if prediction of premature termination of psychotherapy through the use of the Barrett-Lennard Inventory. The Study was conducted at health center and involved the clients could be attained Relationship a community mental of five therapists. The Relationship Inventory which assesses the relationship between client and therapist was mailed to clients who had terminated therapy against the advice of their therapists, and to clients who were still in therapy. The clients were asked to fill out the questionnaire anonymously, and send it back to the Center. Demographic data, such as age, sex, marital status, primary diagnosis, educational level, income, and number of individual sessions attended was collected from the client's records at the Center. The results of this study indicated that prediction of premature termination of psychotherapy was possible with these five therapists although the predictor variables were different for each therapist. Demographic variables appeared to be more predictive than the Relationship Inventory. The results point out the therapist differences in retaining clients and the potential usefulness of these results in the assignment of therapy cases and in the planning of inservice training.

The implementation of the Affordable Care Act (ACA, 2010) has resulted in efforts to make healthcare more affordable and effective. One strategy for making healthcare more affordable and effective is the integration of behavioral health and primary care. In today’s healthcare system, it is estimated that approximately one in three patients seen in a primary care setting meet the criteria for a mental health disorder and another third – while not meeting those criteria – are experiencing psychological symptoms that impair their functioning (Kessler, 2005). Despite the evidence supporting behavioral health services in a primary care setting, treatments tend to be diagnosis specific (Archer et al., 2012; Lemmens, Molema, Versnel, Baan, & deBruin, 2015) and as such do not capture patients’ varied presentations. Patient feedback offers a potential strategy to improve the quality of services provided. Patient feedback is the use of measures administered at each session to assess distress and track progress. There is a robust psychotherapy literature demonstrating the effectiveness of using routine progress monitoring in clinical practice but it has not been evaluated in an integrated care setting. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of patient feedback in this setting. Preliminary results of this ongoing study revealed there was a moderate feedback effect using both the ORS (d = 0.38) and PHQ-9 (d = 0.12) as the outcome measures. Using the ORS as the outcome measure, patients in the feedback condition demonstrated faster treatment gains, which suggests that they improved faster compared to those patients in the TAU condition. Additionally, patients in the feedback condition incurred significantly more reliable change compared to TAU. However, this result was not replicated when the PHQ-9 was used to measure outcome. Overall, the results suggest that PCOMS may be a potentially useful quality improvement strategy.

This paper explores the process of individual short-term ego-supportive psychotherapy with mentally deficient adults. The literature on clinical research, case studies, process research, short-term psychotherapy, and therapy with the mentally retarded is selectively reviewed. Four case studies are presented with clients at the Portland Habilitation Center, a sheltered workshop which trains mentally deficient adults in socialization, practical living, and job skills. Finally, the case studies are discussed in terms of the selected literature.

The present research was conducted in order to ascertain whether differences in attitudes exist between the three main professional groups which are presently the major providers of mental health care -- psychiatrists, clinical psychologists, and social workers -- with respect to six treatment modalities: Individual Psychotherapy, Individual Counseling, Family Therapy, Group Therapy, Psychiatric Medication and Psychiatric Hospitalization. Modalities evaluated include treatments appropriate to a variety of individual, social and biological concepts of mental health/pathology. It was assumed that any such attitudinal differences might reflect biases in the provision of mental health treatment and therefore be an important concern for consumers of mental health care.