The thesis is an attempt to reconcile contradictions and devise historical meaning from a problematic text. The book is Wilhelm Reich's Character Analysis, first published in 1933. This influential psychoanalytic work embodies both a radical social theory and disturbing authoritarian attitudes. The thesis uses a variety of methodologies, in particular Roland Barthes' techniques for ascribing historical meaning to certain formal qualities of writing. The thesis proceeds from a summary of methodological studies in intellectual history and criticism, including those of I. A. Richards, R. G. Collingwood, and Dominick LaCapra, as well as Barthes, to a description of Character Analysis and its various historical contexts - biographical, social, and intellectual. The thesis relies on the authoritative biography of Reich, by Myron Scharaf, on autobiographical accounts by Reich's wife and son, on other texts in psychoanalytic social theory by Erik Erikson, Erich Fromm, Herbert Marcuse, Georges Bataille, and Max Horkheimer, and on secondary scholarship on the origins of National Socialist ideology. The thesis argues that despite the influence of reactionary tendencies in Reich's personality and cultural and social milieu, Character Analysis remains a valuable work in the development of a convincing theory of liberation.

M.A. / The objective of this thesis is to examine emerging themes around masculinity from within an eclectic psychoanalytic framework. In order to achieve the objective, the historical development of psychoanalytic theories on the male gender role are briefly examined. Thereafter, the thesis examines the eclectic psychoanalytic theories of masculinity proposed by Chodorow (1989, 1995) and Hudson and Jacot (1991). An investigation into the emerging themes around masculinity generated by the theories of Chodorow (1989, 1995) and Hudson and Jacot (1991) is then undertaken. The conclusion is that the theories of Chodorow (1989, 1995) and Hudson and Jacot (1991) share an eclectic psychoanalytic approach. The most important common themes in the development of masculinity, are identified as being the relevance of the pre-Oedipal years; the link between the development of the self and the formation of gender identity; and the relationship between psychoanalysis and social theory in the development of masculinity. The role of the mother is also explored in terms of her contribution to the development of masculinity and the maintenance of a gender bias.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-02-16T19:29:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Izabel de Madureira Marques.pdf: 2042169 bytes, checksum: 3b98571ccd0090402554973cfbd37536 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-16T19:29:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Izabel de Madureira Marques.pdf: 2042169 bytes, checksum: 3b98571ccd0090402554973cfbd37536 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-05 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / Ernest Jones (1879-1958), Welsh psychoanalyst and Freud‘s disciple, has produced a significant number of papers and books on Psychoanalysis throughout his life, and yet, at least in Brazil, his life and work are quite unknown. The aim of the thesis is to investigate the issue of invisibility - and the related theme importance / importance - of this author, based on the psychoanalytic reading of his biography and the selection of specific texts of his extensive work. A study on Jones is fully justified, therefore, in view of the novelty of his work and legacy and the importance of this character in the History of Psychoanalysis. The discussion of the research is given by the analysis of texts and documents that keep between themselves but an organized theoretical continuity, at least a coherent line, a repetition or similitude of contents or key ideas that help us to understand it. With the help and inspiration of authors such as Brenda Maddox, Veszy-Wagner, and Adam Phillips - who have studied the life and / or work of the Welsh psychoanalyst - we will examine some of the themes to which Jones has devoted himself in his many (and extremely eclectic) studies: the question of religion, of genius, of the Oedipal battle between father and son. The discussion of the author‘s selected texts and its interface with biographical data - besides historical contextualization - reveal a character that maintains coherence between his personal history (biography), his production on psychoanalysis and his role as ambassador of the international psychoanalytic movement. Studying this correlation was the course of the thesis, which had the financial support of CNPq (National Council for Scientific and Technological Development - Brazil) / Ernest Jones (1879-1958), psicanalista galês e discípulo de Freud, produziu uma quantidade significativa de artigos e livros de Psicanálise ao longo da vida e, no entanto, ao menos no Brasil sua vida e obra são bastante desconhecidas. O objetivo do presente trabalho é investigar a questão da invisibilidade - e do tema correlato importância/desimportância – deste autor, a partir da leitura psicanalítica da sua biografia e da seleção de textos específicos de sua extensa obra. Um estudo sobre Jones se justifica plenamente, portanto, tendo em vista o ineditismo de sua obra e legado e a importância deste personagem na História da Psicanálise. A discussão da pesquisa se dá pela análise de textos e documentos que guardam entre si senão uma continuidade teórica organizada, ao menos uma linha coerente, uma certa repetição ou similitude de conteúdos ou ideias-chave que nos auxiliam a compreendê-lo. Com o auxílio e inspiração, entre outros, dos autores Brenda Maddox, Veszy-Wagner e Adam Phillips – que estudaram a vida e/ou a obra do psicanalista galês -, teceremos uma análise de alguns dos temas aos quais Jones se dedicou em seus múltiplos (e extremamente ecléticos) estudos: a questão da religião, da genialidade, do embate edípico entre pai e filho. A discussão dos textos selecionados do autor e sua interface com dados biográficos – além de contextualização histórica – revelam um personagem que guarda extrema coerência entre sua história pessoal (biografia), sua produção em psicanálise e seu papel como embaixador do movimento psicanalítico internacional. Estudar essa correlação foi o trajeto desta tese, que contou com o apoio financeiro do CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico – Brasil)

Este trabalho visa contar o percurso de um setor criado por psicanalistas da rede pública, denominado Ambulatório de Crise, que funcionou de 1970 a 1979 no Hospital Pinel, hospital psiquiátrico do Ministério da Saúde, com a proposta de oferecer psicoterapia breve e focal a comunidade. É dividido em duas partes: a primeira enfoca os anos da ditadura militar, a situação cultural e do campo da saúde mental na década, baseada em bibliografia existente; a segunda enfoca o percurso do setor, sua criação, crescimento e término, seus diretores e o trabalho proposto. Para a realização desta segunda parte foram feitas entrevistas-testemunhais com ex-participantes, e obtidas fontes documentais no Instituto Pinel e com colaboradores. O trabalho foi norteado, em primeiro lugar, no sentido de estabelecer relações entre as ideologias das pessoas e da instituição com o contexto político, cultural e ideológico vigente; em segundo, reconhecer aquelas pessoas e suas propostas; e, em terceiro lugar, refazer a história propriamente dita.

Este trabalho visa contar o percurso de um setor criado por psicanalistas da rede pública, denominado Ambulatório de Crise, que funcionou de 1970 a 1979 no Hospital Pinel, hospital psiquiátrico do Ministério da Saúde, com a proposta de oferecer psicoterapia breve e focal a comunidade. É dividido em duas partes: a primeira enfoca os anos da ditadura militar, a situação cultural e do campo da saúde mental na década, baseada em bibliografia existente; a segunda enfoca o percurso do setor, sua criação, crescimento e término, seus diretores e o trabalho proposto. Para a realização desta segunda parte foram feitas entrevistas-testemunhais com ex-participantes, e obtidas fontes documentais no Instituto Pinel e com colaboradores. O trabalho foi norteado, em primeiro lugar, no sentido de estabelecer relações entre as ideologias das pessoas e da instituição com o contexto político, cultural e ideológico vigente; em segundo, reconhecer aquelas pessoas e suas propostas; e, em terceiro lugar, refazer a história propriamente dita.

Une multitude de gens, au XXe siècle, se sont servis de la psychanalyse pour se rendre compte de leurs faits et gestes. En s’appuyant ainsi sur la psychanalyse, ils démontraient la profondeur de la confiance qu’ils lui accordaient. Cette diffusion ample et profonde, qui a laissé une empreinte très marquée sur la culture contemporaine, demeure largement inexpliquée. Ce phénomène étonnant devient intelligible dès lors qu’on aborde la psychanalyse comme une grammaire de l’intériorité, qui a guidé des interactions en les médiatisant par des symboles et des significations communes (normes, valeurs, etc.) propres aux sociétés démocratiques contemporaines (celles qui se conçoivent comme émanant d’un accord entre individus). Cette pratique sociale, l’enquête psychanalytique, peut être analysée en situant dans leurs contextes d’interactions les discours dans lesquels des désirs refoulés étaient imputés à différentes conduites. L’œuvre de Freud offre un échantillon de tels discours. La description de la forme et du sens que ces imputations de désirs refoulés conféraient à différentes interactions en cours nous permet d’identifier les traits caractéristiques de l’enquête psychanalytique. Freud montre que le refoulement naît d’un conflit entre une volonté présociale refoulée et une volonté socialisée, refoulante, née des exigences inculquées par l’autorité parentale. Pour identifier un désir refoulé, il faut donc simultanément identifier une relation refoulante. L’enquête psychanalytique amène à passer en revue les différentes relations interpersonnelles et intrapersonnelles dans lesquelles est impliqué l’auteur du refoulement. Cet exercice permet de départager les relations qui contraignent la volonté intérieure présociale à des exigences sociales de celles qui, en sens inverse, émanent de cette volonté intérieure. Comme les premières suscitent le refoulement et les symptômes indésirables qu’il entraîne, la guérison du refoulement exige que le porteur du refoulement prenne ses distances des exigences sociales héritées, de manière à parvenir à reconnaître sa volonté présociale. En soupesant ainsi la contrainte exercée sur les volontés présociales par les relations particulières, l’enquête psychanalytique jaugeait ces dernières à partir d’une exigence propre aux sociétés démocratiques contemporaines : celle de fonder les relations sociales sur les volontés non contraintes des partenaires. L’enquête psychanalytique participait ainsi d’un imaginaire social moderne qui donnait, à des relations variées, la forme d’un contrat. Les contemporains qui recouraient à cette enquête manifestaient un souci de respecter cette exigence et ils suscitaient une réaction critique envers les relations qui contraignaient la volonté. En somme, l’enquête psychanalytique offrait aux contemporains une manière d’ordonner les relations qui était adaptée à une société accordant une autorité prééminente aux exigences « contractuelles ». Voilà qui explique en grande partie l’ampleur et la profondeur de la diffusion de la psychanalyse au XXe siècle. / In the twentieth century, a multitude of people used psychoanalysis to explain their actions and gestures to one another. Their reliance on psychoanalysis, is an indication of how deeply they trusted its theories. This wide and profound diffusion, which has left a very strong impression on contemporary culture, remains however largely unexplained. This puzzling phenomenon becomes intelligible, from the moment one treats psychoanalysis as a grammar of interiority, which guides interactions by mediating them with symbols and common meanings (norms, values, etc.) specific to contemporary democratic societies (those that conceive themselves as emerging from an agreement between individuals). This social practice, the psychoanalytic inquiry, can be analyzed by situating in their contexts of interactions the speeches in which repressed desires were imputed to various conducts. Freud’s work provides a sample of such speeches. The description of the form and meaning that these imputations of repressed desires conferred to different ongoing interactions allows us to identify the specific features of the psychoanalytic inquiry. Freud shows that the repression arises from a conflict between a repressed presocial will and a socialized will, which enforces repression, born from requirements inculcated by the parental authority. Hence, to identify a repressed desire, one must simultaneously identify a repressing relationship. The psychoanalytic inquiry leads to review the different interpersonal and intrapersonal relationships in which the author of the repression is involved. This exercise leads to set apart the relationships that constrain the inner presocial will to social requirements, from those that rather emanate from this inner will. Since the former creates the repression and the unwanted symptoms it causes, the healing of the repression requires that its carrier distances oneself from inherited social requirements, in order to recognize one’s her inner will. By weighing the coercion on presocial wills exercised by specific relations, the psychoanalytic inquiry gauged these relations from a standard specific to contemporary democratic societies: the requirement to ground social relations on the unconstrained wills of the partners. The psychoanalytic inquiry was part of a modern social imaginary that shaped the form of a contract to various relationships. The people who used this inquiry showed that they were concerned about this requirement and they prompted a critical reaction to the relationships that constrained their will. In sum, the psychoanalytic inquiry provided the contemporary world with a way of organizing relationships that was adapted to a society that gave a preeminent authority to “contractual” requirements. That largely explains the breadth and depth of the diffusion of psychoanalysis in the twentieth century.