The thesis is conceived in two parts. In the first part, the reader will find an outline of the interdisciplinary topic of the topic, but above all the key findings that K. Horney and M. Seligman developed as part of their psychotherapeutic practice with poorly adapted individuals. The second part is a case study of a long-term marijuana individual. The case study seeks to capture, besides the personal history of an individual, the characteristics of his current life situation and specific circles of his attitudes. The findings are then compared with the findings of the authors, with which the reader has the opportunity to get acquainted with the first part of the thesis.

Cooperation of kindergartens and primary schools within one legal entity in the transfer of children from one institution to another The diploma thesis deals with possibilities and forms of mutual cooperation of kindergarten and elementary school institutions within one legal subject. The theoretical part defines concepts important for understanding the work. These are pre-primary and primary education and their framework educational programs, defining their common objectives in education. Furthermore, a psychological and pedagogical view of the preparedness of children for primary school and the conditions of admission to compulsory school attendance, ie enrollment in the first class and developmental specifics of preschool and younger school age. In the empirical part, by means of the research method, the questionnaire answers the research questions, which investigate the mutual awareness of the FEP of pre-school and primary education among preschool classes of kindergartens and 1st classes of primary schools, which are one merged entity; and how these two institutions work together to move children from kindergarten to primary school.

Years of psychotherapy practice at university, state, and military hospitals developed the author's interest in the presentation of love relationship problems. Mood and anxiety disorders, as the most prevalent pathologies, were often co-morbid with or secondary to partner relationship issues. Most vexing for clients was a situation of repeated dysfunctional partner selections in which similar problems arose each time. This incubated the idea of a process, probably outside of awareness, that functioned to perpetuate self-defeating partner selection patterns. The author was introduced to Money's `lovemap' concept during studies and identified readily with its principles and mechanisms. The lovemap is defined as a highly individualised, developed, mental template or cognitive blueprint of the ideal lover. It is assumed that every person has a lovemap, and would be able to describe it if asked the right questions. The concept promised to be a useful vehicle for studying self-defeating partner selection patterns, as `errors' might be coded into the lovemap that are expressed in such a presentation. The author identified the need to ground the lovemap concept in recognised psychological theory in order to motivate for its relevance. Kelly's theory of cognitive constructs provided robust links for lovemap as a sophisticated construction system, and the developmental theories of Freud and Erikson situated lovemap genesis within recognised periods of emerging human capacities to love and relate sexually; the stages of puberty to young adulthood. Lovemaps are assumed to function optimally when love and lust co-operate in pairbonding, or the capacity to couple. Extensive literature reviews cover the research fields of romantic love, human sexuality, and pairbonding, affording hypotheses as to lovemap pathology. A qualitative, Phenomenological research design of case studies with six adult persons, who had experienced radical contradictions of original lovemaps, identified when and how lovemap change took place. Thematic analysis of the attributions for change distilled a number of implications for therapy that would encourage certain indicated change processes. An integrative psychotherapy model recognises the cognitively- and socially constructed nature of lovemaps and proposes intervention components that blend cognitive-behavioural and narrative approaches. This model will be tested extensively with a suitable client population. / Psychology / D. Litt. ET Phil. (Psychology)

The thesis is concerned with methodological specifics of beginner piano teaching of students at different age levels. It attempts to give a complex view of its various aspects. The thesis is subdivided into several chapters, drawing on available psychological and methodological literature, piano course books and a questionnaire survey. The first chapter focuses on a beginner piano learner as an individual undergoing a particular stage of psychological development. It explores learners' general as well as music- specific characteristics and links these characteristics to piano playing. In addition, it describes motivational tendencies prevailing at different development stages, and other factors which can substantially influence the learning process, but have not hitherto been discussed with respect to piano teaching in greater detail although a pedagogue can more easily deal with potential problems that may arise at beginner levels when thoroughly informed. It namely discusses learning and teaching styles, hindrances to learning and learning disabilities. The second chapter is devoted to methodological specifics of teaching learners of different age groups. The third chapter then expands on the subject of beginner piano teaching specifics, comparing techniques used in beginner piano books aimed at various...

1 Summary: At present our society faces the fact that children have been losing interest in activities that do not generate an immediate result and their free time is spent primarily passive. Overall values in society have changed. To obtain the various resources, experiences, property, we prefer the easier way to the effort and perseverance. Therefore we cannot value our own personality and know ourselves. Probably that is why current society is called consumer. This study consists of two parts - the theoretical and the empirical part. The study deals with the relation between physiological and psychological development of children, influence of environment and the use of free time. It detects options and ability of pubescent children living in the city and in the country to use leisure time offer. It also examines how much the place of living influences the way of spending their free time. The main objective is to find differences in the use of free time due to specific life in the city and in the country. Some problems in relation to the free time are also mentioned, e.g. specifics of life in the satellite towns, some sociopathological phenomena (crime, drug addiction or vandalism). The empirical part describes and summarises the entire procedure, the creation of non- standard questionnaire and its...

Years of psychotherapy practice at university, state, and military hospitals developed the author's interest in the presentation of love relationship problems. Mood and anxiety disorders, as the most prevalent pathologies, were often co-morbid with or secondary to partner relationship issues. Most vexing for clients was a situation of repeated dysfunctional partner selections in which similar problems arose each time. This incubated the idea of a process, probably outside of awareness, that functioned to perpetuate self-defeating partner selection patterns. The author was introduced to Money's `lovemap' concept during studies and identified readily with its principles and mechanisms. The lovemap is defined as a highly individualised, developed, mental template or cognitive blueprint of the ideal lover. It is assumed that every person has a lovemap, and would be able to describe it if asked the right questions. The concept promised to be a useful vehicle for studying self-defeating partner selection patterns, as `errors' might be coded into the lovemap that are expressed in such a presentation. The author identified the need to ground the lovemap concept in recognised psychological theory in order to motivate for its relevance. Kelly's theory of cognitive constructs provided robust links for lovemap as a sophisticated construction system, and the developmental theories of Freud and Erikson situated lovemap genesis within recognised periods of emerging human capacities to love and relate sexually; the stages of puberty to young adulthood. Lovemaps are assumed to function optimally when love and lust co-operate in pairbonding, or the capacity to couple. Extensive literature reviews cover the research fields of romantic love, human sexuality, and pairbonding, affording hypotheses as to lovemap pathology. A qualitative, Phenomenological research design of case studies with six adult persons, who had experienced radical contradictions of original lovemaps, identified when and how lovemap change took place. Thematic analysis of the attributions for change distilled a number of implications for therapy that would encourage certain indicated change processes. An integrative psychotherapy model recognises the cognitively- and socially constructed nature of lovemaps and proposes intervention components that blend cognitive-behavioural and narrative approaches. This model will be tested extensively with a suitable client population. / Psychology / D. Litt. ET Phil. (Psychology)

The thesis is devoted to the specificity of playing the piano preschool children. It combines the knowledge of developmental psychology, psychology of music and piano methodology with their reflection in practical teaching piano. The work is divided into five chapters, which i s based on key publications and developmental psychology of music in the Czech republic, theoretical works of contemporary piano teachers, piano course books and a survey carried out in the framework of a diploma thesis. The first chapter deals with the level of psychological development of preschool age and its reflection in piano lessons. The second chapter discusses the level of musical abilities of the child at the same age. Chapter three outlines further specifics in teaching pre-school children, dedicated to personalities of pupil and teacher as the main creators of the educational process, it refers to the methods used in teaching and not least about the role of parents in the education of their child. The fourth chapter summarizes the methodology selected piano teaching materials suitable for teaching children of preschool age. Final Chapter complements the work of the views of piano teachers on teaching preschool children.

Ce travail concerne le comportement de retrait relationnel du jeune enfant, sa mesure et sa validité prédictive sur la qualité du développement précoce dans ses différentes dimensions. Il représente la première synthèse de l'histoire du concept de retrait relationnel du jeune enfant, de ses liens avec les modèles animaux, avec le modèle paradigmatique du "Still Face" et de la réparation, de la dys-synchronie comme facteur majeur de la psychopathologie précoce. Le comportement de retrait relationnel prend ses racines dans la physiologie, comme mode privilégié de régulation par le bébé de l'interaction, dans une échelle micro interactive. D'une façon plus clinique et sur une échelle temporelle plus longue, il apparaît comme un mode de défense majeur face à la violation des attentes du bébé dans l'interaction. On l'observe donc de façon privilégiée dans la dépression maternelle post natale mais aussi dans toutes les circonstances psychopathologiques qui affectent les capacités parentales (par exemple et de façon très nette dans les situations de conflit et violences conjugales). Le retrait relationnel peut également être lié à des difficultés de traitement de l'information sensorielle par le bébé, à des difficultés de communication sociale, à une douleur intense prolongée, et dans la prématurité ou dans certains syndromes génétiques à une association de ces facteurs liés à l'enfant. Ce travail retrace les débuts de la construction d'un outil de mesure du retrait relationnel précoce, dans la mesure où cet outil n'existait pas en tant que tel, alors que le retrait relationnel apparaît comme un signal d'alarme important, témoignant de la difficulté du bébé de jouer le jeu relationnel à hauteur de ses capacités développementales, que ce soit pour des causes liées à lui-même, à la relation avec ses caregivers, ou aux deux. Ce travail s'ouvre par une histoire de la psychiatrie du bébé et de l'avènement de la psychopathologie développementale, car on note l'importance du symptôme retrait dans cette histoire, qu'il s'agisse de l'autisme (Kanner) ou de la dépression ou de la carence précoces (Spitz), puis un historique de concept de retrait relationnel précoce : contexte clinique modèles animaux, biologie, la Construction et validation de l'échelle Alarme Détresse bébé (ADBB à 8 items) puis celle de la m-ADBB à 5 items, puis par la Psychopathologie du retrait relationnel durable, et Les développements et les applications de l'échelle ADBB : m-ADBB, effets à terme du retrait, études longitudinales, la prématurité comme analyseur du développement, dépistage précoce de l'autisme et enfin les projets en cours et trois projets actuels, autour du dépistage de l'autisme, autour de l'étude des différentes analyses factorielles et de la validation de la m-ADBB, et autour des pistes génétiques et épigénétiques du comportement de retrait. Il présente les résultats des études contrôlées et publiées avec l'ADBB, en particulier celles liées à la cohorte française d'étude des facteurs de risque et de résilience du développement précoce (étude périnatale EDEN). Le comportement clinique de retrait relationnel apparaît comme le résultat d'une interaction gène environnement, basée sur la susceptibilité génétique au comportement de retrait. Celle-ci apparaît liée au système allélique 5-HTTPR. Sur le plan cognitif, la question se pose du retrait comme pari, comme choix dans une situation d'incertitude. Les études de suivi des enfants en retrait montrent l'impact sur diverses dimensions du développement, langage, intersubjectivité, régulation émotionnelle, avec la question d'une période sensible. Ceci souligne l'importance du dépistage de ce comportement en vue d'une intervention précoce adaptée à sa cause. / This work deals with social withdrawal behavior in infants, its measure and its conceptual validity, its predictive value on early development within its several dimensions. This is the first synthesis on the history of the concept of withdrawal in infant, of its links with animal models, with the still face experimental paradigm, as well as with the repair process and with interactional dys- syssynchrony as a major process in early psychopathology. Social withdrawal behavior has its roots in physiology, as privileged way used by the infant to regulate the input within the parent infant interaction, within a micro temporal scale. On a longer temporal and more clinical scale, withdrawal behavior appears as a major defense maneuver when the baby is faced with major violations of his her expectations within the relationship. It is therefore observed in a privileged way in maternal post-natal depression, but also in all circumstances which hamper parental capacities, as conjugal violence and conflict may do for instance. Social withdrawal behavior may be as well linked with difficulties in processing sensorial input in the child, or difficulties in social communication and synchrony, or be due to an intense and sustained pain, or be linked with some genetic disorder or with some association of these factors. This work retraces the construction of a scale to asses social withdrawal behavior in infants, since no such tool existed at the time, although social withdrawal behavior appears to be an important alarm signal, showing the inability of the child to play the relational game as his her developmental level allow him or her to do, be it for causes related to himself or herself, for relational causes of because of both. This work opens on a history of the development of child psychiatry and of the coming of ages of infant development. Social withdrawal behavior took a large place at the onset of this history, with the description of autism by Kanner and anaclitic depression by Spitz. Then a history of the concept of social relational withdrawal, and of the construction of the alarm distress scale (8 item) the of the short version (5 item m-ADBB), then the studies on long term effects of social withdrawal on development. We then review the application of the scale on early diagnosis of autism, on the several factor analysis with several samples, and of the several epigenetic and genetic pathways of the social withdrawal behavior. This work reviews the results of several controlled studies with the ADBB, particularly those from the perinatal French EDEN cohort. Social withdrawal behavior appears as the result of a gene interaction, based on the genetic c susceptibility for social withdrawal behavior, possibly liked with the 5-HTPPR allele system. On a cognitive level, the issue is raised of social withdrawal behavior as a choice of a risk taking position in an uncertain situation. Follow up studies show the impact of the social withdrawal behavior on several dimensions of early development, i.e. language, early development of intersubjectivity or emotional regulation.