The recent economic and political developments in China, as a result of the open-door policy and commitment by Chinese leaders to attaining the national goals, have made it inevitable for Western theories of management to be introduced to Chinese managers. Transferability of these theories has become an important concern of the managers and scholars in management. The current study was thus intended to serve as a preliminary attempt to look into the applicability of some management theories in China's industries. The focal attention has been given to evaluation of theories in the areas of motivatoin and leadership. The selected theories of motivation include Maslow's need hierarchy theory, equity theory, and expectancy theory. Vroom and Yetton decision tree and Hollander's idiosyncracy credit theory of leadership have been chosen to provide discussion on leader behaviors. The basic assumptions and boundary conditions have been identified and examined in the context of Chinese cultural, social, and political systems. It was found that most theories evaluated are not applicable in China their preconditions for application are not met to the extent that managerial implications derived from them can create effects intended to enhance managerial effectiveness. Such inapplicability is the result of a wide range of differences in perception of man's role in society, value systems, and the corresponding organizational processes between Western and Chinese cultures. / Business, Sauder School of / Graduate

隨著積極組織行為學 (positive organizational behaviour) 的研究趨勢，本研究通過正向心理的角度，考察轉換型領導 (transformational leadership) 對員工工作投入感 (work engagement) 的影響。本研究提出一個中介調節模型，旨在探討轉換型領導透過心理意義 (psychological meaningfulness)　的中介效果對下屬工作投入感之影響；此外本研究亦試圖探討下屬的心理資本 (psychological capital)　是否能夠調節心理意義和工作投入感之間的關聯。二百七十一名從事各種不同行業的中國人完成了網上問卷調查。研究發現：（一）領導者的轉換型領導行為有效增強下屬的工作投入感；（二）心理意義在轉換型領導與下屬工作投入感之間具有部分中介效果；（三）心理意義和工作投入感之間關聯的強度取決於下屬心理資本的水平；下屬的心理資本正向調節了整個中介過程，強化了積極的心理過程 (positive psychological process)，激發更高水平的工作投入感。這項研究關注了下屬在領導過程的角色；此外它擴大了目前領導領域的研究，涵蓋了底層的激發積極性機制(motivational process)，和有效的下屬特性，以帶出領導者對下屬工作投入感的影響。最後，本文亦討論了這研究對理論發展的貢獻，以及對應用層面於員工培訓方面的實際啟示。 / With the emerging interest in positive organizational behaviour, this study adopted a positive psychological perspective in examining the impact of transformational leadership on employee work engagement. The study proposed a moderated-mediation model with supervisor transformational leadership as an antecedent in predicting follower work engagement, psychological meaningfulness as a mediator that explains the underlying leadership process, and psychological capital (PsyCap) as a boundary condition that moderates the association between psychological meaningfulness and work engagement. Two hundred and seventy-one Chinese employees, from a diverse range of industries, completed the online questionnaire. The study found that (a) transformational leaders enhanced followers’ level of work engagement; (b) psychological meaningfulness played a partial mediating role in translating the positive impact of transformational leaders to increased follower work engagement; and (c) the strength of the link between psychological meaningfulness and work engagement depended on the level of PsyCap. PsyCap moderated the mediated leadership process such that it enhanced the positive psychological process to lead to higher levels of work engagement. The study investigated the understudied impact of followership in leadership processes. Moreover, it suggested a broader leadership framework that encompasses the underlying motivational mechanism and the effective followership characteristic in bringing out leaders’ impact on follower engagement. Theoretical implications and applied implications on employee training are discussed. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Leung, Lok Chi. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2013. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 30-40). / Abstracts also in Chinese. / Abstract --- p.i / 摘要 --- p.ii / List of Tables --- p.vi / List of Figures --- p.vii / Chapter CHAPTER 1. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Work Engagement --- p.2 / Transformational Leadership --- p.3 / Association between Transformational Leadership and Follower Engagement --- p.4 / Psychological Meaningfulness as Mediator --- p.5 / Moderation by Follower Positivity --- p.7 / Psychological Capital (PsyCap) --- p.8 / Psychological Capital as Moderator --- p.9 / Chapter CHAPTER 2. --- METHOD --- p.12 / Participants and Procedure --- p.12 / Measures --- p.14 / Chapter CHAPTER 3. --- RESULTS --- p.16 / Measurement Model --- p.16 / Descriptive Statistics and Factor Correlations --- p.18 / Direct and Indirect Effect --- p.18 / Moderated Mediation Effect --- p.19 / Chapter CHAPTER 4. --- DISCUSSION --- p.22 / The Transformational Leadership Process --- p.22 / Effective Follower Attribute --- p.23 / Development of POB Literature --- p.25 / Positivity and Meaning in Chinese --- p.26 / Limitations and Future Research --- p.27 / Practical Implication --- p.28 / Concluding Remarks --- p.29 / Reference --- p.30 / Appendix --- p.41

by Yu Tak-Wai. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1999. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves [77-104]). / ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.i / ABSTRACT --- p.iii / LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS --- p.iv / LIST OF TABLES --- p.v / Chapter CHAPTER I --- INTRODUCTION --- p.3 / Chapter 1.1 --- Background of the Study --- p.3 / Chapter 1.2 --- Significance of the Study --- p.6 / Chapter 1.3 --- Objectives of the Study --- p.7 / Chapter 1.4 --- Outline of the paper --- p.9 / Chapter CHAPTER II --- LITERATURE REVIEW --- p.10 / Chapter 2.1 --- Overview --- p.10 / Chapter 2.2 --- Market Orientation --- p.10 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Definition --- p.10 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Relationship with Role Clarity --- p.15 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Relationship with Organizational Commitment and Job Satisfaction --- p.16 / Chapter 2.3 --- Role Clarity --- p.16 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Definition --- p.16 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Relationship with Job Performance --- p.19 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Relationship with Job Satisfaction --- p.19 / Chapter 2.3.4 --- Relationship with Organizational Commitment --- p.20 / Chapter 2.3.5 --- Relationship with Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment --- p.21 / Chapter 2.4 --- Job Performance --- p.21 / Chapter 2.4.1 --- Definition --- p.21 / Chapter 2.4.2 --- Relationship with Job Satisfaction --- p.23 / Chapter 2.4.3 --- Relationship with Organizational Commitment --- p.23 / Chapter 2.4.4 --- Relationship with Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment --- p.24 / Chapter 2.4.5 --- Relationship with Turnover Intention --- p.24 / Chapter 2.5 --- Job Satisfaction --- p.25 / Chapter 2.5.1 --- Definition --- p.25 / Chapter 2.5.2 --- Relationship with Job Performance --- p.27 / Chapter 2.5.3 --- Relationship with Organizational Commitment --- p.28 / Chapter 2.5.4 --- Relationship with Turnover Intention --- p.30 / Chapter 2.6 --- Organizational Commitment --- p.31 / Chapter 2.6.1 --- Definition --- p.31 / Chapter 2.6.2 --- Affective Commitment --- p.31 / Chapter 2.6.3 --- Continuance Commitment --- p.32 / Chapter 2.6.4 --- Normative Commitment --- p.33 / Chapter 2.6.5 --- Relationship with Job Performance --- p.33 / Chapter 2.7 --- Turnover intention --- p.35 / Chapter 2.7.1 --- Definition --- p.35 / Chapter 2.7.2 --- Relationship with Organizational Commitment --- p.36 / Chapter 2.7.3 --- Relationship with Job Satisfaction --- p.37 / Chapter 2.7.4 --- Relationship with Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment --- p.39 / Chapter CHAPTER III --- CONCEPTUAL MODEL --- p.40 / Chapter 3.1 --- Conceptual Model --- p.40 / Chapter 3.2 --- Hypotheses --- p.41 / Chapter CHAPTER IV --- METHODOLOGY --- p.44 / Chapter 4.1 --- The research design --- p.44 / Chapter 4.2 --- The sampling frame --- p.44 / Chapter 4.3 --- Data collection procedures --- p.47 / Chapter 4.4 --- The instrument --- p.48 / Chapter 4.5 --- Pretest --- p.55 / Chapter CHAPTER V --- DATA ANALYSIS AND RESULTS --- p.57 / Chapter 5.1 --- Data Analysis Procedures --- p.57 / Chapter 5.2 --- Scales Assessment --- p.57 / Chapter 5.3 --- Structural Equation Modeling --- p.58 / Chapter 5.4 --- The Original Conceptual Model --- p.62 / Chapter 5.4.1 --- Structural Equation Model Results --- p.62 / Chapter 5.5 --- The Modified Conceptual Model --- p.64 / Chapter 5.5.1 --- Structural Equation Model Results --- p.65 / Chapter 5.6 --- Discussion --- p.67 / Chapter CHAPTER VI --- CONCLUSION --- p.69 / Chapter 6.1 --- Managerial Implications --- p.69 / Chapter 6.2 --- Limitations of the study --- p.71 / Chapter 6.3 --- Directions for future research --- p.74 / BIBLIOGRAPHY / APPENDIX

by Lee Sui-Hing Rean, Yip Chui-Ling. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 50-52). / ABSTRACT --- p.iii / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.iv / LIST OF FIGURES --- p.vi / LIST OF TABLES --- p.vii / ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.ix / Chapter / Chapter I. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Research Objectives --- p.3 / Significance of Study --- p.3 / Chapter II. --- LITERATURE REVIEW --- p.5 / Chapter III. --- HYPOTHESES --- p.10 / Chapter IV. --- RESEARCH METHODOLOGY --- p.11 / Research Design --- p.11 / Data Collection Methods --- p.11 / Secondary data --- p.11 / Primary data --- p.12 / Sampling Methods --- p.13 / Sample Characteristics --- p.14 / Data Analysis Method --- p.15 / Chapter V. --- RESULTS --- p.16 / Common Cost-Cutting Measures Adopted by Hong Kong Companies --- p.16 / Communication Between Employers and Employees --- p.16 / Employees' Attitude Towards Cost-Cutting Measures --- p.17 / Relationship Between Employers and Employees --- p.18 / Effects of Cost-Cutting Measures --- p.18 / Staff Morale --- p.18 / Stress at Workplace --- p.19 / Job Security --- p.19 / Work Passion --- p.20 / Popular Remedial Measures Taken by Employers and Their Effectiveness --- p.20 / Willingness to Stay at the Company in the Coming Two Years and the Reasons --- p.22 / Chapter VI. --- ANALYSES AND IMPLICATIONS --- p.23 / Hypothesis 1: Cost-Cutting Measures Negatively Affect Employer-Employee Relationship --- p.23 / Implications --- p.23 / Company Size --- p.25 / Demographic Factors --- p.26 / Hypothesis 2: Cost-Cutting Measures Have Negative Psychological Effect(s) on Employees --- p.27 / Hypothesis 2a: Cost-Cutting Measures Reduce Staff Morale --- p.27 / Hypothesis 2b: Cost-Cutting Measures Increase Job Stress --- p.27 / Hypothesis 2c: Cost-Cutting Measures Decrease Job Security --- p.28 / Hypothesis 2d: Cost-Cutting Measures Decrease Work Passion --- p.28 / Implications --- p.29 / Effects of Different Cost-Cutting Measures --- p.29 / Company Size --- p.31 / Hypothesis 3: Employers are Concerned About the Post-Effect(s) of Cost-Cutting Measures on Employees --- p.32 / Implications --- p.32 / Employers' Attitude to Different Post-Effects --- p.32 / Company Size --- p.34 / Hypothesis 4: Remedial Measures Done by Employers can Effectively Reduce the Negative Effects on Employees --- p.35 / Implications --- p.35 / Other Implications From the Survey --- p.37 / Reasons to Stay in Current Companies --- p.37 / Demographic Factors and Intention to Stay --- p.38 / Importance of Communication --- p.39 / Chapter VII. --- LIMITATIONS --- p.42 / Chapter VIII. --- CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS --- p.44 / APPENDIX I --- p.46 / APPENDIX II --- p.49 / BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.50