by Yu Tak-Wai. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1999. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves [77-104]). / ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.i / ABSTRACT --- p.iii / LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS --- p.iv / LIST OF TABLES --- p.v / Chapter CHAPTER I --- INTRODUCTION --- p.3 / Chapter 1.1 --- Background of the Study --- p.3 / Chapter 1.2 --- Significance of the Study --- p.6 / Chapter 1.3 --- Objectives of the Study --- p.7 / Chapter 1.4 --- Outline of the paper --- p.9 / Chapter CHAPTER II --- LITERATURE REVIEW --- p.10 / Chapter 2.1 --- Overview --- p.10 / Chapter 2.2 --- Market Orientation --- p.10 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Definition --- p.10 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Relationship with Role Clarity --- p.15 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Relationship with Organizational Commitment and Job Satisfaction --- p.16 / Chapter 2.3 --- Role Clarity --- p.16 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Definition --- p.16 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Relationship with Job Performance --- p.19 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Relationship with Job Satisfaction --- p.19 / Chapter 2.3.4 --- Relationship with Organizational Commitment --- p.20 / Chapter 2.3.5 --- Relationship with Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment --- p.21 / Chapter 2.4 --- Job Performance --- p.21 / Chapter 2.4.1 --- Definition --- p.21 / Chapter 2.4.2 --- Relationship with Job Satisfaction --- p.23 / Chapter 2.4.3 --- Relationship with Organizational Commitment --- p.23 / Chapter 2.4.4 --- Relationship with Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment --- p.24 / Chapter 2.4.5 --- Relationship with Turnover Intention --- p.24 / Chapter 2.5 --- Job Satisfaction --- p.25 / Chapter 2.5.1 --- Definition --- p.25 / Chapter 2.5.2 --- Relationship with Job Performance --- p.27 / Chapter 2.5.3 --- Relationship with Organizational Commitment --- p.28 / Chapter 2.5.4 --- Relationship with Turnover Intention --- p.30 / Chapter 2.6 --- Organizational Commitment --- p.31 / Chapter 2.6.1 --- Definition --- p.31 / Chapter 2.6.2 --- Affective Commitment --- p.31 / Chapter 2.6.3 --- Continuance Commitment --- p.32 / Chapter 2.6.4 --- Normative Commitment --- p.33 / Chapter 2.6.5 --- Relationship with Job Performance --- p.33 / Chapter 2.7 --- Turnover intention --- p.35 / Chapter 2.7.1 --- Definition --- p.35 / Chapter 2.7.2 --- Relationship with Organizational Commitment --- p.36 / Chapter 2.7.3 --- Relationship with Job Satisfaction --- p.37 / Chapter 2.7.4 --- Relationship with Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment --- p.39 / Chapter CHAPTER III --- CONCEPTUAL MODEL --- p.40 / Chapter 3.1 --- Conceptual Model --- p.40 / Chapter 3.2 --- Hypotheses --- p.41 / Chapter CHAPTER IV --- METHODOLOGY --- p.44 / Chapter 4.1 --- The research design --- p.44 / Chapter 4.2 --- The sampling frame --- p.44 / Chapter 4.3 --- Data collection procedures --- p.47 / Chapter 4.4 --- The instrument --- p.48 / Chapter 4.5 --- Pretest --- p.55 / Chapter CHAPTER V --- DATA ANALYSIS AND RESULTS --- p.57 / Chapter 5.1 --- Data Analysis Procedures --- p.57 / Chapter 5.2 --- Scales Assessment --- p.57 / Chapter 5.3 --- Structural Equation Modeling --- p.58 / Chapter 5.4 --- The Original Conceptual Model --- p.62 / Chapter 5.4.1 --- Structural Equation Model Results --- p.62 / Chapter 5.5 --- The Modified Conceptual Model --- p.64 / Chapter 5.5.1 --- Structural Equation Model Results --- p.65 / Chapter 5.6 --- Discussion --- p.67 / Chapter CHAPTER VI --- CONCLUSION --- p.69 / Chapter 6.1 --- Managerial Implications --- p.69 / Chapter 6.2 --- Limitations of the study --- p.71 / Chapter 6.3 --- Directions for future research --- p.74 / BIBLIOGRAPHY / APPENDIX

by Lee Sui-Hing Rean, Yip Chui-Ling. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 50-52). / ABSTRACT --- p.iii / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.iv / LIST OF FIGURES --- p.vi / LIST OF TABLES --- p.vii / ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.ix / Chapter / Chapter I. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Research Objectives --- p.3 / Significance of Study --- p.3 / Chapter II. --- LITERATURE REVIEW --- p.5 / Chapter III. --- HYPOTHESES --- p.10 / Chapter IV. --- RESEARCH METHODOLOGY --- p.11 / Research Design --- p.11 / Data Collection Methods --- p.11 / Secondary data --- p.11 / Primary data --- p.12 / Sampling Methods --- p.13 / Sample Characteristics --- p.14 / Data Analysis Method --- p.15 / Chapter V. --- RESULTS --- p.16 / Common Cost-Cutting Measures Adopted by Hong Kong Companies --- p.16 / Communication Between Employers and Employees --- p.16 / Employees' Attitude Towards Cost-Cutting Measures --- p.17 / Relationship Between Employers and Employees --- p.18 / Effects of Cost-Cutting Measures --- p.18 / Staff Morale --- p.18 / Stress at Workplace --- p.19 / Job Security --- p.19 / Work Passion --- p.20 / Popular Remedial Measures Taken by Employers and Their Effectiveness --- p.20 / Willingness to Stay at the Company in the Coming Two Years and the Reasons --- p.22 / Chapter VI. --- ANALYSES AND IMPLICATIONS --- p.23 / Hypothesis 1: Cost-Cutting Measures Negatively Affect Employer-Employee Relationship --- p.23 / Implications --- p.23 / Company Size --- p.25 / Demographic Factors --- p.26 / Hypothesis 2: Cost-Cutting Measures Have Negative Psychological Effect(s) on Employees --- p.27 / Hypothesis 2a: Cost-Cutting Measures Reduce Staff Morale --- p.27 / Hypothesis 2b: Cost-Cutting Measures Increase Job Stress --- p.27 / Hypothesis 2c: Cost-Cutting Measures Decrease Job Security --- p.28 / Hypothesis 2d: Cost-Cutting Measures Decrease Work Passion --- p.28 / Implications --- p.29 / Effects of Different Cost-Cutting Measures --- p.29 / Company Size --- p.31 / Hypothesis 3: Employers are Concerned About the Post-Effect(s) of Cost-Cutting Measures on Employees --- p.32 / Implications --- p.32 / Employers' Attitude to Different Post-Effects --- p.32 / Company Size --- p.34 / Hypothesis 4: Remedial Measures Done by Employers can Effectively Reduce the Negative Effects on Employees --- p.35 / Implications --- p.35 / Other Implications From the Survey --- p.37 / Reasons to Stay in Current Companies --- p.37 / Demographic Factors and Intention to Stay --- p.38 / Importance of Communication --- p.39 / Chapter VII. --- LIMITATIONS --- p.42 / Chapter VIII. --- CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS --- p.44 / APPENDIX I --- p.46 / APPENDIX II --- p.49 / BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.50