Numerous studies have been done examining the consistent patterns of attributions that individuals make for their own behavior, referred to as attribution styles (Abramson, Seligman and Teasdale, 1978; Peterson et al., 1982; Weiner et al, 1976; Weiner, 1979; Seligman, 1990; Abramson et al., 1989; and Kent 1992). There also has been considerable research into the differences between self-attributions, and observer attributions (Martinko and Gardner, 1987; Bernardin, 1989; and Dobbins and Russell, 1986). However, the idea of attribution styles has yet to be applied to observer attributions. This study proposes that individuals may have cross-situational consistencies, or styles, in the attributions they make for the outcomes of others. / This proposal is supported through the development of a questionnaire to measure observer attribution styles. Initial construct validity was tested by examining the relationship between observer attribution style as measured by the instrument and a number of other constructs, specifically: self-attribution styles, self-monitoring, Theory X/Y beliefs, Field Dependence, Machiavellianism, and leadership behaviors. Relationships were found between Observer attribution style, and self attribution style, field dependence, and leader behaviors. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 56-12, Section: B, page: 7081. / Major Professor: Mark Martinko. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Florida State University, 1995.

The primary purpose of this investigation was to determine demographic characteristics related to total, extrinsic and intrinsic job satisfaction in certified athletic trainers. A secondary purpose was to ascertain which job satisfaction items ranked higher in importance on measures of total, extrinsic and intrinsic job satisfaction in the sample of athletic trainers investigated. / Subjects for the study were National Athletic Trainers Association (NATA)-certified athletic trainers (n = 286) attending the 1989 NATA Annual Convention and Clinical Symposium. The subjects completed a personal data sheet and the short-form Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ), the instrument utilized to measure total, extrinsic and intrinsic job satisfaction scores, at a designated location at the convention. The demographic variables of interest included age, race, employment setting, number of sports covered, teaching responsibilities, highest educational level, physical therapy status, number of job changes in the last ten years, total years of experience in athletic training, years at the present position, marital status, gender, and position held. / An analysis of job satisfaction scores for the subgroupings of the aforementioned demographic factors indicated definite trends and tendencies in mean scores of the subgroupings in comparison to each other. A one-way analysis of variance with post-hoc analysis for total, extrinsic and intrinsic job satisfaction with regard to the demographic subgroupings revealed statistical significance. Greater job satisfaction was found in clinic/industry athletic trainers, athletic trainers without team responsibilities, athletic trainers credentialed also as physical therapists, male athletic trainers, married athletic trainers, and athletic trainers employed as sports physical therapists. Significant relationships were also found between job satisfaction scores and interval level demographic characteristics (age, number of sports covered, number of job changes, total years of athletic training experience, and years at present position) in many of these interval-level demographic subgroupings. This sample of athletic trainers revealed greater satisfaction with intrinsic job satisfaction characteristics (characteristics associated with the task itself) and less satisfaction with extrinsic job satisfaction characteristics (nontask characteristics associated with the job). / The study has implications for those supervising the certified athletic trainer employed in different settings, as well as the trainer's co-workers. Additionally, athletic trainer educators and clinicians can benefit from the results of this study and share the realities of job satisfaction-dissatisfaction of the athletic training profession with the student athletic trainer. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 50-12, Section: A, page: 3886. / Major Professor: Robert Alan Rider. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Florida State University, 1989.

The present exploratory study examined the applicability of personality constructs derived from the theory of Transactional Analysis (TA) to the understanding of women's career preferences and vocational identity. More specifically, it investigated the differences among groups of occupationally traditional and nontraditional women with high or low levels of vocational identity and their scores on seven TA personality characteristics. The study further explored whether a constellation of the TA variables formed a discriminating dimension that distinguished between the four occupational groups. / A nonrandom sample of 124 undergraduate college women was employed in the study. An equal number of subjects were recruited from classes in the Colleges of Education and Engineering to represent women's traditional and nontraditional career choice respectively. Volunteers completed the Vocational Identity Scale of the My Vocational Situation (Holland, Daiger, & Power, 1980), Adjective Check List: TA Scales (Gough & Heilburn, 1983), TA Life Position Survey (Kramer & Strade, 1976), and a demographic data form. / Multivariate and univariate analyses of variance procedures were employed to examine group differences on measures of the TA personality characteristics. The MANOVA procedure yielded a significant (p $<$.01) overall multivariate main effect due to group differences of vocational identity on a weighted linear combination of the TA variables. Subsequent univariate ANOVA procedures on each of the TA variables clarified the significance of the MANOVA result. Findings of the ANOVA procedure revealed significant (p $<$.01) differences in group means on three of the seven TA variables. Significant main effects were obtained in this analysis on the Adult ego state, Adapted Child ego state, and I'm OK life position variables. / Further analysis was conducted with the discriminant function technique. It was found that the I'm OK life position and Adapted Child ego state variables made the greatest contribution to the discriminating dimension. Results indicated that the discriminant function formed by these two TA personality characteristics had moderate to high utility as a mechanism to correctly classify subjects in their respective occupational group. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 50-03, Section: B, page: 1145. / Major Professor: F. Donald Kelly. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Florida State University, 1989.

<p> To identify factors that contribute to career satisfaction of front-line retail workers, a quantitative correlational study was used to determine the relationship of the five-factor model (e.g., agreeableness, extraversion, openness, emotional stability, conscientiousness) and narrow traits (e.g., work drive, tough-mindedness, optimism, intrinsic motivation, customer service orientation, assertiveness) on career satisfaction of front-line workers. This study determined if the inclusion of narrow traits explain a variance in career satisfaction above and beyond the five factor model traits. This study provided empirical evidence established on the theoretical foundation of the five-factor model, allowing for a deeper understanding of traits as they relate to and predict worker satisfaction. The participants of the study were 112 retail workers from the Texas Retailers Association membership of Texas, who were selected using a volunteer sampling. Pearson r correlation and hierarchical analysis were used to test the hypotheses. Pearson <i> r</i> correlation determined that agreeableness (<i>r</i> = .25), extraversion (<i>r</i> = .26), emotional stability (<i> r</i> = &ndash;.29), optimism (<i>r</i> = .37), and customer service orientation (<i>r</i> = .24) had statistically significant relationships with career satisfaction (<i>p</i> &lt; .05). A hierarchical regression analysis determined that narrow traits explained 12.9% of the variance in career satisfaction. The findings of this study provided recommendations that will be beneficial for hiring entities such as human resources on hiring the worker who will be satisfied in their front-line career, based on personality traits. This study helped to understand personality traits of satisfied workers and the traits that measure satisfaction in the front-line retail environment. </p><p>

<p> Past research has indicated that dissociation and schizotypy are highly correlated (Merckelbach &amp; Giesbrecht, 2006; Watson, 2001). Although somewhat controversial, some research has suggested that dissociation and schizotypy traits constitute a unique personality domain often referred to as "oddity" (Watson, Clark, &amp; Chmielewski, 2008). Past research has provided evidence for a relationship between these oddity facets and unusual sleep experiences, such as narcolepsy symptoms and nightmares (Koffel &amp; Watson, 2009). It has been suggested that "unusual cognitive and perceptual experiences" may be the common theme that connects these concepts (Watson, 2001). In addition to the connection between oddity and sleep experiences, some studies have examined the influence of sleep disturbance, namely insomnia, on emotion regulation (Palmer &amp; Alfano, 2017). The relationship between emotion regulation and unusual sleep disturbances is an area that has yet to be explored in the existing literature. Furthermore, studies concerning the relationship between emotion regulation and oddity are scarce. Lastly, how oddity, emotion regulation, and unusual sleep disturbances relate to one another has yet to be defined. This study found that unusual sleep disturbances and dissociation / schizotypy had a significant relationship with suppression. Overall, this study adds to the existing literature by building a foundation for future researchers concerning the relationships between these variables.</p><p>

Thesis (M.A.) - Carleton University, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 71-83). Also available in electronic format on the Internet.

The role of guilt within the context of interpersonal relationships, the definitions of guilt, the origins of guilt, and whether or not outcomes associated with guilt tend to be negative or positive are the focus of this research paper. Four hundred and seventy-two (472) articles, covering a period of thirty-three years (33), were tabulated as to their perspective concerning the phenomenon of guilt. A determination was made as to whether each article leaned toward presenting guilt as a negative or positive influence pertaining to human behavior and/or interaction. It is hypothesized that the literature reflects significantly more negative outcomes associated with guilt than it does positive outcomes; that, overall, guilt can be said to have but little constructive use in human behavior and/or interaction. The findings of this study support the hypothesis.

<p> <i>Billboard</i> magazine&rsquo;s Top 40 songs from one&rsquo;s youth can impact one&rsquo;s psyche during midlife and instill the individuation process with depth and meaning, leading toward an enlarged sense of self that can take one on a path toward wholeness. The therapeutic healing nature of music is reviewed, focusing on its influence on adolescence from a Jungian perspective and its innate relationship to shamanism. Utilizing a heuristic research methodology and the ideas of archetypal psychology, this thesis incorporates the author&rsquo;s personal life experience with popular music and dreams in a brief memoir highlighting each 12-year Jupiter Return cycle, midlife, and the midlife crisis. Combining the language and concepts of depth psychology, a passion for Top 40 music, a series of dreams with pertinent synchronicities, and storytelling pave the way and inform the author&rsquo;s hero&rsquo;s journey, a spiritual quest unveiling an initiation of death and resurrection marking the birth of a shaman.</p>

The current research examines the construct validity of Implicit Association Tests designed to measure two of the Big Five factor traits, Extraversion (EIAT) and Conscientiousness (CIAT), and whether or not these IATs predict performance for retail Sales Representatives. In Study 1 and 2, undergraduate students completed self-report measures of personality and the EIAT and CIAT. Results provide evidence of the construct validity for both the EIAT and CIAT. In Study 3, a concurrent validity study was conducted with a sample of cell phone retail sales employees. Results of Study 3 provide evidence of criterion-related validity for the EIAT and CIAT. The combined results of the three studies suggest the EIAT and CIAT may be useful personality measures in a selection context.

Unconvinced of Emile Glenisson's theory that all Mauriac's characters are but one person with an emotionally arrested development, we took Mauriac's novel, La Pharisienne, and studied its ten principal characters, not only to see to what extent they were individualized, but also to understand them in greater depth. As guidelines in our consideration we used the concepts of Transactional Analysis. While this approach is particularly appropriate here, given the novel's subject matter and format, it is also relatively new in literary criticism. We therefore explained briefly its basic ideas, stressing strokes, ego states, existential positions and scripts. While discussing in depth the three young people in the book, we showed how the psychological make-up of each authority figure in their early lives had influenced the development of their personalities differently, leading in two instances to social disfunction. Under similar analysis the adult characters revealed equally differentiated personality structures.