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Addressing Multinational Corporations’ Aggressive Marketing of Commercial Formula in Indonesia and the Cessation of Breastfeeding Through the Design and Evaluation of a Counter-marketing Continuing Education ModuleHidayana, Irma January 2019 (has links)
The purpose of this study was to address the aggressive marketing of commercial formula and breastfeeding cessation in Indonesia using an evaluation of a counter-marketing continuing education module. Using a convenience sample (N = 99) of breastfeeding educators and/or counselors, paired t-tests showed a significant increase in participants’ knowledge about counter-marketing after they participated in the training. Findings also showed significant increases post-training for stage of changes, self-efficacy, knowledge, and motivation to perform four key talking behaviors: i.e., involving talking to new and pregnant mothers about corporations’ inappropriate and aggressive marketing of formula, and the risks of becoming dependent on expensive formula and losing the ability to produce their own breast milk. These findings suggested that exposure to the counter-marketing continuing education training served as a brief intervention associated with significant improvements in level of knowledge about counter-marketing among participants and in stage of change self-efficacy, knowledge, and motivation for performing key behaviors of interest.
Backward-stepwise regression revealed that higher level of motivation for taking an active role in the proposed campaign (i.e., A Campaign to Expose the Truth about Becoming Dependent on Commercial Formula and Breastfeeding Cessation) was significantly predicted by: (1) higher pre-training self-efficacy for talking to expectant and new mothers about the reasons to breastfeed their infant (β = .327, SEB = .118, p = .007); (2) lower pre-training knowledge for talking to expectant and new mothers about corporations’ inappropriate and aggressive marketing of commercial infant formula (β = -.270, SEB = .092, p = .004); and, (3) higher level of knowledge for taking an active role in the proposed campaign (β = .392, SEB = .083, p = .000).
Participants rated the training as very good (74.7%, n = 74). Qualitative data showed that the training provided new knowledge and a new approach in addressing aggressive formula marketing by corporations. Further, participants found that the training has made them more confident and motivated to work with mothers and the community to advocate and educate about negative impacts from commercial formula.
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Evaluation of sociocultural competency training in enhancing self-efficacy among immigrant and Canadian-born health sciences traineesWong, Yuk Shuen 11 1900 (has links)
The study was to investigate the effectiveness of Sociocultural
Competency Training (SCCT) as an intervention in enhancing self-efficacy
among trainees in the health care profession. The purposes of the study were
threefold: (a) to evaluate the effectiveness of the training in enhancing the
trainees' self-efficacy and behavioural performance; (b) to examine their
personal experiences in the learning ofthe sociocultural competencies, and (c)
to identify the factors that contribute to effective outcomes. A sample of 84
participants in the Health Sciences program at the Vancouver Community
College was recruited. There were 26 local born Canadians and 32 immigrants
in the experimental group, whereas 11 local born Canadians and 15 immigrants
were in the control group. Experimental group participants took part in an 18-
hour training over a 6-week period as part of their regular Human Relations
Skills course curriculum. The control group also took the same training course
after post-test data collection.
This study used both quantitative and qualitative methods. Self-efficacy
and behavioural performance were assessed quantitatively by the results from
the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE), Situational Social Avoidance Scale
(SSA), Social Self-Efficacy Scale (SSE), and Interpersonal Skills Checklist
(ISC-33). Qualitative data was collected through written feedback from 28
participants and semi-structured interviewing with 24 volunteer interviewees in the experimental group.
The results of this study supported the hypotheses that the Sociocultural
Competency Training was effective in improving the interpersonal skills and
lowering the social avoidance tendency among participants in the experimental
group when compared to individuals in the control group. The hypothesis that
there would be more significant change in participants' social self-efficacy was
also supported. The Sociocultural Competency Training offered effective ways
of helping people develop positive self-efficacy and behavioural competencies.
Participants reported the training enabled them to have the sociocultural
competencies to conduct their professional career in a multicultural community.
In the future, the training can be used with high school students, college and
university students, international students, professionals, business people, and
expatriates who need to learn the sociocultural competencies for career
success.
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Evaluation of sociocultural competency training in enhancing self-efficacy among immigrant and Canadian-born health sciences traineesWong, Yuk Shuen 11 1900 (has links)
The study was to investigate the effectiveness of Sociocultural
Competency Training (SCCT) as an intervention in enhancing self-efficacy
among trainees in the health care profession. The purposes of the study were
threefold: (a) to evaluate the effectiveness of the training in enhancing the
trainees' self-efficacy and behavioural performance; (b) to examine their
personal experiences in the learning ofthe sociocultural competencies, and (c)
to identify the factors that contribute to effective outcomes. A sample of 84
participants in the Health Sciences program at the Vancouver Community
College was recruited. There were 26 local born Canadians and 32 immigrants
in the experimental group, whereas 11 local born Canadians and 15 immigrants
were in the control group. Experimental group participants took part in an 18-
hour training over a 6-week period as part of their regular Human Relations
Skills course curriculum. The control group also took the same training course
after post-test data collection.
This study used both quantitative and qualitative methods. Self-efficacy
and behavioural performance were assessed quantitatively by the results from
the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE), Situational Social Avoidance Scale
(SSA), Social Self-Efficacy Scale (SSE), and Interpersonal Skills Checklist
(ISC-33). Qualitative data was collected through written feedback from 28
participants and semi-structured interviewing with 24 volunteer interviewees in the experimental group.
The results of this study supported the hypotheses that the Sociocultural
Competency Training was effective in improving the interpersonal skills and
lowering the social avoidance tendency among participants in the experimental
group when compared to individuals in the control group. The hypothesis that
there would be more significant change in participants' social self-efficacy was
also supported. The Sociocultural Competency Training offered effective ways
of helping people develop positive self-efficacy and behavioural competencies.
Participants reported the training enabled them to have the sociocultural
competencies to conduct their professional career in a multicultural community.
In the future, the training can be used with high school students, college and
university students, international students, professionals, business people, and
expatriates who need to learn the sociocultural competencies for career
success. / Education, Faculty of / Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education (ECPS), Department of / Graduate
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Mathematical modelling of the effectiveness of two training interventions on infectious diseases in UgandaSsebuliba, Doreen 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2013. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Nurses, midwives and clinical officers referred to as Mid-level Practioners (MLPs) play
an important role in the health care system especially in rural Africa. With particular
reference to rural Uganda, due to the large shortage of doctors, MLPs handle most of
the duties usually meant for doctors, at health centre IV(s). From 2009 to 2011, two
training interventions of MLPs were performed at 36 sites in Uganda by the Integrated
Infectious Disease Capacity Building Evaluation (IDCAP). The two interventions were:
Integrated Management of Infectious Diseases (IMID) and On-site Support Services (OSS)
which aimed at improving MLPs’ case management for four diseases: HIV, TB, pneumonia
and malaria. In this thesis, we have developed three mathematical models to investigate
the effect of the two training interventions on these infectious diseases. All the models
are formulated using systems of ordinary differential equations which are structured in
three age groups: [0, 5), [5, 14) and [14, 50). We explored the effect of the two training
interventions in the context of malaria-pneumonia, HIV-TB co-infections and the four
diseases together. Our analysis shows that: i) For malaria-pneumonia, both IMID and
the combination of IMID and OSS reduce the number of cases, deaths and prevalence of
disease but have no effect on the incident episodes of disease. ii) Results from the HIVTB
model propose that HIV and TB testing are important steps in quality of health care
and are capable of offsetting slightly negative effects of reduction in ART enrollment and
provision of treatment. iii) The HIV-TB-malaria-pneumonia (HTMP) model concurs with
the results of the first two models and its results demonstrate that high coverage levels
of the training interventions increase the positive effects that the interventions have on
mortality and morbidity. Overall, our results suggest that training of MLPs is much more
effective for the short term duration diseases such as malaria and pneumonia, where the
baseline values for most of the performance indicators are ≥ 0.6, but not so much for
long term duration diseases such as HIV and TB, whose baseline values for most of the
performance indicators are < 0.6. The results further highlight that problems such as case
detection and drug stock-outs need to be addressed in order for training to have substantial
impact, especially in instances where the performance indicator proportions are low. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Verpleegsters, vroedvroue en kliniese beamptes wat gesamentlik na verwys word as midvlak
praktisyns (MVPs) , speel n belangrike rol in die gesondheidsorg sisteem, veral in
landelike dele van Afrika. Met spesifieke verwysing na gesondheid sentrums in Uganda,
waar daar te min dokters is, hanteer MVPs die meeste van die pligte wat eintlik deur
dokters verrig moet word. Vanaf 2009 tot 2011 is twee opleidingsprogramme vir MVPs by
36 fasiliteite in Uganda deur die Integrated Infectious Disease Capacity Building Evaluation
(IDCAP) organisasie aangebied. Die twee programme staan bekend as: Integrated
Management of Infectious Diseases (IMID) and On-site Support Services (OSS). Beide die
programme stel ten doel om die MVPs se pasint bestuur vir die siektes MIV, tuberkulose
(TB), longontsteking en malaria te verbeter. Drie wiskundige modelle word in hierdie tesis
ontwikkel om die effek van die opleidingsprogramme op hierdie oordraagbare siektes te
ondersoek. Al die modelle word geformuleer deur gebruik te maak van stelsels van gewone
differensiaal vergelykings wat gestruktureer is in drie ouderdomsgroepe: [0, 5), [5, 14) en
[14, 50). Die effek van die opleidings programme word in die konteks van longontstekingmalaria
mede-infeksie, MIV- TB mede-infeksie en al vier siektes gelyk, ondersoek. Die
analise wys dat: i) Vir longontsteking-malaria mede-infeksie het beide IMID en die kombinasie
van IMID en OSS die aantal siekte-gevalle, sterftes en die prevalensie van die siektes
verminder, maar het geen effek op die insidensie van siekte-gevalle nie. ii) Resultate van
die MIV-TB model dui aan dat MIV en TB toetsing n belangrike aspek van die gehalte
van sorg is en dat dit die effense negatiewe effek van die afname in ART inskrywing en
voorsiening van behandeling, teenstaan. iii) Die MIV-TB-longontsteking-malaria model
(HTMP) stem ooreen met die resultate van die bogenoemde twee modelle en demonstreer
dat ho dekking van die opleidingsprogramme die positiewe effek van die programme op
mortaliteit en morbiditeit verhoog. In geheel stel die resultate van hierdie studie voor
dat die opleiding van MVPs baie meer effektief is vir die korttermyn siektes soos malaria
en longontsteking waarvoor die meeste van die beginwaardes van die prestasie-aanwysers
≥ 0.6 is, maar nie soveel vir lang-termyn siektes soos MIV en TB waarvoor die meeste
van die beginwaarde van die prestasie-aanwysers < 0.6 is. Die resultate dui verder aan dat
opleiding nie voldoende is wanneer die prestasie-aanwysers < 0.6 is nie en dat probleme
soos die opsporing van siekte-gevalle en n gebrek aan medisyne by die klinieke aangespreek
moet word vir opleiding om aansienlike impak te hê.
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