<p>Several organizations in the public and private sectors find partnership projects as a valuable means to implement their organizational strategy. Several of these projects span over diverse sectors and have partnerships involving multiple organizations located in different geographical locations. One type of such partnerships is the Public Private Partnership (PPP), which involves collaborations with partners coming from public and private sectors to meet predefined goals. Such collaborative projects with multiple partners and diverse backgrounds face a number of management challenges in working towards mutually set goals.  The focus of this research is on the challenges encountered in partnerships in achieving common goals for PPP projects in e-Governance.</p><p>Specifically, the purpose of the research was to answer (1) What are the partnership challenges in achieving common goals in PPP projects in e-Governance? (2) How can these challenges be overcome? After critical review of literature on relevant topics, a case study methodology was adopted using semi-structured interviews as data collection technique in an attempt to answer the research questions. Two PPP projects in e-Governance with intangible outputs were chosen as cases for the study, namely, (1) Wild life Environment Monitoring System (WEMS) developed by the United Nations University and being implemented in India and (2) the Stamps and Registration Information Technology Based Administration (SARITA) being implemented in the Maharashtra State of India. An online survey with a quantitative approach was used as a tool for triangulation to substantiate the results and findings from the qualitative analysis of data collected from the case studies.</p><p>At the end of the study, the challenges encountered in partnerships for PPP projects in e-Governance and the measures taken to overcome the challenges were identified. A framework has been developed from the findings of this study is expected to contribute to a certain extent in developing a theoretical basis for defining the characteristics of partnerships and in understanding how partnering organizations work to achieve common goals in PPPs. The practical and theoretical implications will have an impact on how we could go about studying this type of partnership and also in understanding how to develop and manage the partnerships for attaining mutually agreed upon goals.</p>

Improving systems of public education through the development and implementation of innovative reforms is a socially and politically complex process, particularly when systems of public education merge with external agencies that enter the process with unique resources and with perspectives and intents derived from experiences unlike those found in traditional public school cultures. Pursuing a better understanding of this process, this qualitative case study examines the interorganizational partnership that developed Metro High School, an innovative, STEM high school program in Columbus, Ohio. With this single, public/private partnership as a case, this study examined the school reform context within which the partners worked and from which they derived influential perspectives and resources. The objective was to better understand the interaction and manifestation of perspectives, resources, and intentions, as the now influential school was being developed and implemented. Data gathered through interviews, documents, and observations have been analyzed and synthesized into conclusions about the interactive effects of the partners on the development of the school and its subsequent policy influence. Factors found to have affected the effort include favorable reform policy conditions and experienced school designers, commitment to well-defined STEM and Coalition of Essential Schools principles, ample resources from skilled, high capacity partners with political and intellectual influence, conceptual alignment across the partnership, a commitment to equity, and effective community-based negotiations. Negotiations were facilitated by strong leadership working from the base of a multi-district foundation that provided the administrative space for the school’s largely autonomous development. This study, utilizing sociopolitical theories of educational change and implementation that recognize the influence and value of multiple perspectives and constructive variability, suggests implications for interorganizational partnership work that is undertaken for developing and negotiating the terms of new systems of public school organization and new learning environment designs. In regard to the research literature on implementation, school change, and reform, this study—though not generalizable and limited in scope to a single site—sheds light on the complexity of implementing collaborative educational change in urban environments.

The constraints experienced by water utilities in developing countries, with regard to the universal provision of access to water and improved water services, have been defined by international policymakers as "a crisis of governance". This study departs from the theoretical perspectives on governance and aspires to accumulate knowledge and advance understanding on how the performance of water utilities can be enhanced. The thesis comprises five papers and the cover essay. Four of the papers address case studies and one is a theoretically based paper, while all five papers are supported by reviews from the literature relevant to the topic of each paper. The thesis uses insights from literature reviews mapping relevant scientific theories and concepts in the areas of mainly governance, deliberative policymaking and communicative planning, social capital, civil society and institutional theoretical perspectives. The study integrates different research methods and explores theoretical perspectives on governance to examine the governance aspects of water utilities in the transition phase from public to private management and operation. The study investigates whether the  governance structure that involves the private sector in the form of Public Private Partnership (PPP) of water utility has produced "good governance" and enhanced water governance in two cases, the Lema Water Company in Amman, Jordan and the Ghana Water Company Limited (GWCL) in Accra, Ghana. The analysis highlights evidence of governance deficiency. Accordingly, the thesis argues against the policy design that assumes that simply transferring the management and operation of water utility to private operators would resolve the problems of water utilities and enhance water governance. The analyses and the conclusions reached in the papers, together with a review of the literature on New Institutional Economics theory that knits together all the theories that are utilised in the papers, offer insights in the understanding of aspects of water governance. The insights suggest that policymakers need to better understand how institutions at different levels impact the overall performance of a water utility. The performance of the water utility cannot be detached from the wider institutional setting or reduced to simply changing the operator.  What has been disregarded from the calculus of international policymakers, the thesis mainly argues, is the institutional perspective. The study concludes that actors’ performances are affected primarily by their institutional settings. The constraints of water utilities to provide a better performance and good governance processes reside in different kinds of institutional settings To address this, the thesis develops a generic institutional framework within which water governance aspects can be assessed at different institutional levels, from the higher level of politics to that of the individual level. According to this perspective, the study views governance process as "the interaction between actors from the spheres of a society within specific sets of formal and informal institutions in a social setting that produces certain political, economic and social outcomes".  It defines good governance as "the legitimacy given by the wider public to institutions in a social setting and the coherency of formal and informal institutions to produce socially effective outcomes for the collective public". The developed generic institutional framework is used to more thoroughly analyse the two cases integrated in the study. This approach to assessment of water governance provides an explanation for why the water utilities were not able to meet their performance goals and enriches our understanding of water governance processes. It also modestly maps the main problematic institutional areas that in each case constrained aspects of good water governance. In practical terms, this thesis emphasises that policymakers have to map and identify the institutional factors constraining the overall performance of a water utility, at all levels. The thesis also urges policymakers to be cautious regarding which formulated policies are seen as solutions. Policymakers should restrain themselves from experimenting with policy when they are not sure that certain outcomes are likely to be produced by adopting a particular policy. In the long run, inappropriate policies may negatively affect local institutional settings and are likely to undermine the capacity of local governance. / QC20100628

The purpose of this study was to describe the reasons of Peng-hu medical team participation in infectious disease prevention program. The study discussed the awareness of importance for medical team engaged in disease prevention of community, and obstacles and intervention faced by medical team self-participation in community infectious disease prevention programs. At the end, it discussed cooperated relationships and the essential factors of public-private partnership and also provided conclusion and suggestion to perfect the abilities for medical team self-participation in community infectious disease prevention programs and to have positive functions. The purposes of this study are as follows: (1)to discuss the awareness of importance and advantages and disadvantages of medical team self-participation in community infectious disease prevention programs (2)to know the obstacles of Peng-hu medical team participation in community infectious disease prevention programs. (3)to study the cooperative relationship and essential factors of public-private partnership participation in community infectious disease prevention programs. (4)to conclude the related factors of medical team participation in community infectious disease prevention programs and to compare with the strategies for motivating community infectious disease prevention programs. This study adopted a quality perspective and in-depth interviews. In the research we use the purposive sampling which aims at medical clinic, institute of pharmacy, leaders of medical team member, directors of public healthy center and the head nurses. Besides, we also visited and asked delegates, town or city mayors, principals of school, director generals of community development association and chiefs of village for their advises on medial team who participated in community infectious disease prevention programs in Peng-hu. The conclusions are as follows: (1) it is important for medical team member to participate in community infectious disease prevention programs, because they have professional knowledge and they are at the cutting edge of disease prevention; public healthy center also has to take the responsibility for such program. However, the medical team is usually more utilitarian, so it is necessary to focus on their medical ethic program. (2) The largest benefit for the participation process is that medical team can learn from each other. (3) The obstacles for medical team to participate in infectious disease prevention programs are insufficient manpower, lack of protective equipment, and insufficient finances; therefore, they need help for these three aspects as well. (4) When medical team member promote community infectious disease prevention programs, patients who refuse to go to hospital and cover their condition will be the big obstruction for the program. (5) The understanding of infectious disease and the threat to health are both main factors to affect clinic in participating disease prevention. For public healthy center, the problems are unclear guidelines and political interventions for entire disease prevention. (6) The cross-professional corporation team has to be established and be conducted and integrated by public sector before reaching the goal of disease prevention program. According to the results given above, we suggest that supervisor of healthy care needs to direct and integrate all medical team member and other relevant sectors to organize a corporative team for disease prevention. The information of infectious disease should be announced widely and update frequently. Disease prevention program should be made compulsory in education and medical ethics should be emphasized. Moreover, Organizations without real functioning should be considered abolished for releasing more manpower in the programs.

Several organizations in the public and private sectors find partnership projects as a valuable means to implement their organizational strategy. Several of these projects span over diverse sectors and have partnerships involving multiple organizations located in different geographical locations. One type of such partnerships is the Public Private Partnership (PPP), which involves collaborations with partners coming from public and private sectors to meet predefined goals. Such collaborative projects with multiple partners and diverse backgrounds face a number of management challenges in working towards mutually set goals.  The focus of this research is on the challenges encountered in partnerships in achieving common goals for PPP projects in e-Governance. Specifically, the purpose of the research was to answer (1) What are the partnership challenges in achieving common goals in PPP projects in e-Governance? (2) How can these challenges be overcome? After critical review of literature on relevant topics, a case study methodology was adopted using semi-structured interviews as data collection technique in an attempt to answer the research questions. Two PPP projects in e-Governance with intangible outputs were chosen as cases for the study, namely, (1) Wild life Environment Monitoring System (WEMS) developed by the United Nations University and being implemented in India and (2) the Stamps and Registration Information Technology Based Administration (SARITA) being implemented in the Maharashtra State of India. An online survey with a quantitative approach was used as a tool for triangulation to substantiate the results and findings from the qualitative analysis of data collected from the case studies. At the end of the study, the challenges encountered in partnerships for PPP projects in e-Governance and the measures taken to overcome the challenges were identified. A framework has been developed from the findings of this study is expected to contribute to a certain extent in developing a theoretical basis for defining the characteristics of partnerships and in understanding how partnering organizations work to achieve common goals in PPPs. The practical and theoretical implications will have an impact on how we could go about studying this type of partnership and also in understanding how to develop and manage the partnerships for attaining mutually agreed upon goals.

<p>The global diffusion of neoliberal economic policies is one of the most significant events in modern history. This research applies current knowledge on policy diffusion to the analysis of the diffusion of two major neoliberal urban policies among Chinese cities, namely land banking and privatization of urban infrastructures. Both policies are believed to have contributed greatly to the rapid growth of China's urban economy, and reflect the idea of capitalizing a city's tangible assets and utilizing market institutions to manage them so as to achieve economic gains. </p><p>Borrowing insights from existing diffusion theories developed by scholars from different background, this research explores the determinants of the policy innovation decisions by utilizing three theoretical models: (1) The internal determinants model, which presumes that the factors causing a local state to adopt a new policy are political, economic, and social characteristics of the local state. (2) The regional diffusion model, which posits that the geographical proximity affects diffusion by encouraging emulation and competition among neighboring states. (3) Institutional diffusion model, which proposes that a new policy may be adopted to prove the legitimacy of the organization, to cope with environment uncertainties by modeling others, to conform to the will of other organizations on which the adopters depend. </p><p>This study emphasizes the role of the Chinese states, both at the central and local levels, in building neoliberal market institutions. It pays particular attention to the effects of provincial governments' pressure, and shows that local states' dependency on higher level authorities has limited the effectiveness of such interventions. Moreover, I highlight the influence of horizontal intergovernmental relations, such as competition and emulation, on the diffusion processes, and argue that it is an important factor that has promoted the national-wide expansion of neoliberal policies. The results of this study enrich our understanding on how local policy makings are influenced by complex intergovernmental relations, and how do local states balance between local economic interests and political loyalty to higher levels when they formulate local development agenda.</p> / Dissertation

In the beginning of 1990, there is a trend of thought, ¡§public-private partnership¡¨. Public departments hope to cooperate with private departments with a view to establishing another partnership. There is an internationally-distinguished public art, Dome of Light, at the intersection, MRT Formosa Boulevard Station, of two lines. The MRT Formosa Boulevard Station created a new space and a new landmark in Kaohsiung. The cooperative system of universities and industries collaboratively constructed a learning-typed space, the Corridor of MRT Formosa Boulevard Station. With the horizontally two-way communication participation forming a consensus, the cooperative system of universities and industries is mutually in charge of responsibilities and shares in advantages so as to create values of sustainability for the society. Providing artistic performances, the Corridor of MRT Formosa Boulevard Station has altered the public¡¦s impressions on making use of the space of MRT Formosa Boulevard Station. The research explores the public¡¦s attitude about learning space and was done by attitudinal theory made by Sears, Peplan and Taylor(1991). The statistic analysis of the research is done by descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA and the related materials. There are four purposes of the research. The first purpose is to know if the public knows the implementation of the construction of the learning-typed space collaboratively created by the partnership of public and private departments. The second is to know the public¡¦s impressions on making use of the learning space, including the relevant curricula, symposia, activities and showcase artistic works. Furthermore, the purpose three is to know the public¡¦s contentment after the participation. Finally, the fourth explores obvious relation between interviewee¡¦s knowing and background information. After the self-made questionnaires were revised by the professionals and analyzed by efficiency and credibility, they became formal. There are 296 effective questionnaires, and the questionnaire retrieval is at 98.66%. The research includes two assumptions: (1)Assuming that the interviewee¡¦s knowing of the Corridor of MRT Formosa Boulevard has obvious differences between behavioral intentions. (2)Assuming that the interviewee¡¦s impressions on the Corridor of MRT Formosa Boulevard have obvious differences between behavioral intentions. The research has discovered that it effectively changed the impressions on the use of the MRT space by the continuing education of Open University of Kaohsiung and the activities of public departments. In the aspects of conclusions and suggestions, I hope KRTC to open a channel of communication for cooperatives in order that the both can advantage by horizontally and friendly two-way interaction. I suggest that the Corridor of KMRT Formosa Boulevard center on the industry of health service, the information of relaxing tours combining art, and the curricula of spiritual development. Let people in the fast-paced city have a secret base to relax. Let busy people set out on a journey! Re-depart¡K!

Zugl.: Berlin, Techn. Universiẗat, Diss., 2009.

Univ., Magisterarb.--Düsseldorf, 2006.

Zugl.: Regensburg, Univ., Diss., 2007