Advanced Technology drives the increasing anti-censorship, decentralised social media networks, and publishing platforms that are based on blockchain, where no single party can control these platforms, which results in safeguarding information circulation, freedom to publish, and independence of journalism. Furthermore, cryptoeconomics associated with blockchain creates an easy economic model to find sustainable financing for independent journalism by Initial Coin Offering. Meanwhile, adopting a reward system by these publishing platforms has generated sustainable income sources for content creators, allowing them to be independent and motivated to create high-quality constructive content, which contributes to developing communities through disbursing knowledge in forms of constructive journalism.  This study presents the potential of blockchain and cryptoeconomics in developing independent and constructive journalism, especially in developing countries. Through analysing the structure of Steem Blockchain, and empirical analysis of journalistic content on Steemit network in terms of the amount of payout that content creators and curators receive, based on the system of reward according to the content value that is determined by community member voting. Besides selected sample interviews with journalists, writers, and publishers in the Arab World which is undergoing turmoil and transition and needs constructive journalism, asking for their opinions about the potential that blockchain and cryptoeconomics have to support independent and constructive journalism.  The results of the study demonstrated that journalistic posts classified under constructive journalism could achieve a high payout according to the reward system based on community voting for the content value. Meanwhile, journalists and writers have expected that this new economic model can enhance the financial independence of journalists and develop independent and constructive journalism in developing countries.

This dissertation thesis deals with electronic self-publishing of literary fiction, i.e. its publishing by the authors themselves, without involving publishers. Support from big technology companies led to unprecedented growth of this type of publishing in the 2010s and electronic self-publishing has in some countries become one of the standard ways of publishing. In spite of its expansion, electronic self-publishing is affected by many problems. The most prominent one is comparatively lower quality of many independently published e- books, mainly caused by limited knowledge of the publishing process from the side of the authors, many of which are not proper acquainted with publishing practices. The activities that should an independent author perform during the publishing process are the same as those performed by a publisher. Due to complicated character of some of these activities, many independent authors outsource them to other parties, or do not perform them at all. In the Czech Republic, electronic self-publishing is relatively undeveloped. It is true that there has probably been hundreds or thousands e-books published independently and that the number of downloads of these books is in hundreds of thousands copies. On the other hand, majority of this literature is offered for free or for...