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Doctor of Philosophy / Department of Kinesiology / Craig A. Harms / The overall aim of this dissertation was to determine the impact of lifestyle (i.e. habitual and acute physical activity and diet), age, and sex on systemic and airway inflammation and oxidative stress. In study 1 (Chapter 2) we examined the impact of habitual physical activity level on the post-prandial airway inflammatory response following an acute bout of moderate intensity exercise. Results indicated that the mean exhaled nitric oxide (eNO; marker of airway inflammation) response increased for all groups at two hours post high-fat meal (HFM) (~6%) and returned to baseline by four hours post-HFM. However, there was a varying eNO response from baseline to four hours in the group that exercised in the post-prandial period compared to the group that remained sedentary. These findings suggest airway inflammation occurs after a HFM when exercise is performed in the post-prandial period, regardless of habitual physical activity level. In study 2 (Chapter 3) we investigated the post-prandial oxidative stress response to meals of varying calories and fat. Specifically, we assessed the post-prandial airway and systemic 8-isoprostane (a marker of oxidative stress) responses to meals with moderate-fat (8.5 kcal/kg of bodyweight) and high-fat content (17 kcal/kg of bodyweight) from baseline to six hours post-meal in a randomized crossover design. This study revealed that systemic 8-isoprostane increased from baseline to six hours post-meal (38.3%), but there was no difference between the moderate-fat meal (MFM) and HFM conditions. There were no changes in airway 8-isoprostane from baseline to six hours post-MFM or HFM, or between the MFM and HFM conditions. Lastly, in study 3 (Chapter 4), we were interested in examining 8-isoprostane responses in older adults, since 8-isoprostane has been reported to increase with age. Previous research also suggests that older women (OW) and older men (OM) have differences with regard to prevalence and severity of late-onset asthma. In this study, we sought to determine whether the airway 8-isoprostane response to a strenuous bout of exercise was different in OW compared to OM. A secondary aim was to determine whether post-exercise 8-isoprostane generation was correlated with decrements in lung function. Our results showed that the generation of 8-isoprostane from pre- to post-exercise increased ~74±77% in OW and decreased ~12±50% in OM. The decrease in 8-isoprostane generation was not correlated with improvements in lung function from pre- to post-exercise. These findings collectively contribute to the literature by enhancing our understanding of the impact of lifestyle factors, age and sex on modifying and potentially mitigating the risk of developing chronic diseases.

Orientadores: Ilma Aparecida Paschoal, Marcos Tadeu Nolasco da Silva / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-15T05:09:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ribeiro_MariaAngelaGoncalvesdeOliveira_D.pdf: 4389859 bytes, checksum: d2d733c3beb145d2d27f1d75c4c068fd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: Objetivo: Verificar parâmetros da espirometria e da capnografia volumétrica na identificação do padrão respiratório e da homogeneidade da ventilação em crianças e adolescentes com fibrose cística (FC) e compará-los com indivíduos saudáveis. Método: Estudo de corte transversal com crianças e adolescentes com e sem FC. Os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos em função da idade: Grupo I (42 fibrocisticos entre seis e 12 anos) e Grupo II (22 fibrocisticos entre 13 e 20 anos) e seus respectivos controles foram de 20 e de 74 sujeitos saudáveis. Foram avaliados pela espirometria a capacidade vital forçada (CVF), volume expiratório no primeiro segundo (VEF1) e o índice VEF1/CVF; e na capnografia, a oximetria de pulso (SpO2), freqüência respiratória (FR), tempo inspiratório (Ti), tempo expiratório (Te) e slope 3 normalizado por volume corrente (slope 3/Ve). Resultados: comparados aos controles, os pacientes do Grupo I apresentam menor SpO2 (p< 0,001), menor Ti (p=0,047), e maiores valores de slope3/Ve (p<0,001). Vinte e quatro pacientes do Grupo I tiveram espirometria normal e apresentaram valores maiores do slope3/Vê quando comparados ao grupo controle (p=0,036). Os pacientes do Grupo II apresentaram menores valores de SpO2 (p< 0,001), menor Ti (p< 0,001), menor Te (p< 0,001), maiores valores de FR (p< 0,001) e de slope3/Ve (p< 0,001) quando comparados aos seus controles e piores valores de CVF, VEF1 e VEF1/CVF (p< 0,05) quando comparados ao Grupo I. Conclusão: Comparados aos controles, os pacientes com fibrose cística mostraram maiores valores do slope 3, indicando disfunção da periferia das vias aéreas em todos os grupos estudados. A capnografia volumétrica identificou a não homogeneidade da distribuição da ventilação nas vias aéreas periféricas dos pacientes com espirometria normal. Descritores: eliminação de CO2 por respiração; slope 3/Ve; capnografia volumétrica; espirometria; fibrose cística. / Abstract: Objective: To evaluate spirometry and capnography parameters on identification of respiratory pattern and homogeneity of ventilation in patients with CF and to compare them to healthy subjects. Method: 64 patients diagnosed with cystic fibrosis based on the finding of at least two abnormal sweat chloride concentrations determined by the quantitative pilocarpine iontophoresis sweat test performed capnography and spirometry in the morning return to the medical staff. Patients were divided into two groups according to age: Group I (42 patients aged 6 to 12 years) and Group II (22 patients between 13 to 20 years) and their controls were 20 and 74 patients respectively. Spirometrics parameters studied were Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), Forced Expiratory Volume in one second (FEV1) and FEV1/FVC index. Capnography parameters studies were, oxygen saturation (SpO2), respiratory rate (RR), inpiratory time (IT) expiratory time (ET) and phase 3slope normalized by tidal volume (slope 3/EV). Results: compared to controls, patients in Group I had presented lower SpO2 (p< 0,001), lower Ti (p = 0.047), and higher values of slope3/Ve (p <0.001). Twentyfour patients in Group I had normal spirometry and had higher values slope3/Ve when compared to the control group (p = 0.036). Patients in Group II had significantly lower SpO2 (p< 0,001), lower IT (p< 0,001), lower ET (p< 0,001), and higher values of FR (p< 0,001) and slope3/Ve (p< 0,001), and worst values of FVC, FEV1 and FEV1/FVC (p <0.05) compared to Group I. Conclusion: Compared to controls, patients with CF showed an increased slope 3. These results indicate dysfunction of the peripheral airways in all CF patients groups. Volumetric capnography identified the heterogeneity of the ventilation distribution in the peripheral airways of patients with normal spirometry. / Doutorado / Saude da Criança e do Adolescente / Doutor em Saude da Criança e do Adolescente