Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:25:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:02:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Dissertacao (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP

M.Ing. (Mechanical Engineering) / A reversible ground source heat pump, coupled to a municipality water reticulation system, is investigated as an alternative to conventional air source systems for space heating and cooling. The investigation was executed through the development of analytical models that were used for the design of a ground-coupled reversible heat pump and a conventional, also reversible air source system. The models were verified with experimental measurements. The results of the models and measurements indicate that ground source systems are a cost effective alternative.

Ingeniero Civil Eléctrico / En el presente trabajo se propone una metodología para evaluar el beneficio asociado a la utilización de una unidad de almacenamiento por bombeo en el complejo Colbún considerando las restricciones de riego asociadas a la operación y bajo distintos escenarios de penetración eólica y solar, como también para distintas condiciones hidrológicas. La metodología se basa en un modelo tomador de precios que optimiza la gestión del recurso hidráulico para cada una de las centrales del complejo Colbún. Dado el tamaño del problema de optimización, se proponen aproximaciones que permiten acelerar la ejecución del cálculo, permitiendo a su vez realizar varios estudios en un tiempo eficiente, y manteniendo un bajo margen de error. La metodología y el modelo desarrollado pretenden determinar y cuantificar el beneficio asociado a la utilización de una unidad de bombeo considerando restricciones de riego y distintos escenarios de penetración eólica y solar e hidrologías en el parque nacional chileno. Para determinar el impacto de las condiciones de riego en dicho beneficio, se han considerado dos escenarios que concitan mayor interés por ser analizados. El primer escenario de capacidad instalada, denominado Escenario Base CNE 2030, corresponde al declarado por dicho organismo para el año 2030 en el SIC y SING en los Informes Técnicos Definitivos para fijar Precios Nudos, en su versión Abril 2015. El segundo escenario, corresponde a un escenario denominado Escenario Expansión Solar 25%, el cual plantea que la matriz SIC-SING esté compuesta por un 25% de capacidad solar fotovoltaica. Por otro lado, para determinar el impacto de una mayor penetración de energía renovable, se han escogido diez escenarios de penetración solar fotovoltaica y eólica, de forma de determinar el comportamiento del beneficio ante el aumento de la capacidad instalada de estas tecnologías en el sistema eléctrico. Los resultados de este trabajo muestran que, en presencia de restricciones que involucren dotaciones de riego, la utilización de una unidad de almacenamiento por bombeo resulta más atractiva en términos económicos, que la situación en la cual no existieran dichas restricciones, para los escenarios y condiciones hidrológicas analizadas. El trabajo realizado también permite concluir que una mayor penetración solar en el sistema eléctrico contribuye también a un aumento en el beneficio por la utilización de la unidad de bombeo, siendo más favorable este beneficio en condición hidrológica seca que en condición hidrológica húmeda. Del mismo modo, los resultados evidencian que una mayor penetración eólica en el sistema no tiene relación directa con un aumento del beneficio por utilizar centrales de bombeo. Finalmente, en términos de factibilidad económica de llevar a cabo el proyecto de instalación de una unidad de almacenamiento de energía por bombeo en Colbún, los resultados muestran que es necesario considerar otras vías de ingreso adicionales al arbitraje de energía, de forma de hacer más atractivo este tipo de proyectos para inversionistas.

M.Ing. / The refrigerant R22, which is currently used in hot water heat pumps, delivers a maximum hot water temperature of 60 to 65 °C. This temperature is adequate for domestic use, but low if compared to temperatures that can be delivered by fossil fuels and direct electric resistance systems. This limits the potential applications of hot water heat pumps. In this study two analytical design methodologies were developed that can be used to predict the performances of water-to-water heat pumps. The first design methodology is for a pure R22 heat pump and the second for a non-azeotropic refrigerant mixture of R22 and R142b. These design methodologies were used as tools together with three methods of comparison to determine the influence of a non-azeotropic refrigerant mixture (R22 mixed with R142b) on the performance of a hot water heat pump. It was found in certain cases that, depending on the concentrations, not only are increased hot water temperatures possible but also an improved heating capacity, an improvement in the coefficient of performance and a reduction in pressure ratio of the compressor.

D.Ing. / The effective management of technology and new product development in a high technology small to medium enterprise associated with a large corporation with specific reference to the development of solar photovoltaic water pumps is investigated in this study. Innovative product and the development thereof have already become this century's battleground. The availability of information to all and the ease of communication have contributed to changing the battleground. Small organizations and companies can now also participate in high technology environments, different from the past. Technology management and new product development are subjects that are thoroughly studied, discussed and understood in larger corporations (LCs) and multinational enterprises (MNEs). It would appear that the same cannot always be said when it comes to small to medium high technology enterprises. The following research questions can be asked: • How does the current body of knowledge (regarding technology and new product development) influence and impact on technology and new product development in a small to medium enterprise? • How does the interface and interaction between various small to medium enterprises (SMEs) and SMEs and other large corporations impact on new product development in a small to medium enterprise? • How does a small to medium enterprise cope with relatively limited resources when attempting to develop a new product? • How does the informal nature of a small to medium enterprise impact on new product development? • Does a small to medium enterprise use a structured process to manage new product development? As SMEs become more prominent role players in technology intensive industries, answers to the above questions will strengthen the SME in the relevant areas and enhance the role that SMEs will play in the future. To answer the research questions the study comprises: • an applicable literature survey in the areas of technology management and new product development, • an investigation into the business environment and interaction a typical SME encounters during new product innovation including resource management, • the development of an alternative model for the new product development (NPD) process in an SME, • an industry acceptability survey of the proposed alternative model and • a case study (photovoltaic water pump system) of the development of a new product, mapped onto the developed alternative NPD process. A study of the literature and own experience have shown: • a lack of addressing the above questions and the impact thereof and • a lack of practical and appropriate guidelines to implement technology management and ensure repetitive successful innovative new product development (NPD) in small to medium high technology enterprises. The author suggests a reduced complexity NPD process model, which takes cognisance of intangibles such as the chaotic interaction between various stages and tasks within the NPD process, informal decision making and natural information feedback mechanisms and illustrate why an SME that observes a given structural discipline displays an inherent advantage over large corporations and multinational enterprises. The model is exposed to a limited scope industry survey and applied to a case study (development of a photovoltaic water pump powered by sunlight). The acceptability survey, although limited, suggests that industry supports the hypotheses on which the development of the proposed alternative new product development process is based. The proposed management process was mapped onto the case study to ascertain whether it is practical. The application of the proposed management process to the case study resulted in further insight into possible alternative methods of reporting on new product development work. A complete photovoltaic water pump system as a new product emanated from the case study with significant marketability.

Orientador: Antonio Carlos Bannwart / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica e Instituto de Geociências / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T23:44:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fleischfresser_NataliaArgeneLovatePereira_M.pdf: 3225949 bytes, checksum: 3fa7cfd39e0757130d24fa627a6c856c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: A performance hidráulica de bombas centrífugas depende de várias entre suas dimensões hidráulicas, mas a maioria delas não é facilmente acessível. Por este motivo, a performance hidráulica da bomba deve sempre ser disponibilizada pelo seu fabricante. No entanto, para proteger sua propriedade intelectual, fabricantes raramente compartilham com o público informações mais detalhadas sobre a hidráulica da bomba. Como consequência, os usuários dos equipamentos e pesquisadores não têm acesso a todas as informações de que podem necessitar. Na literatura há diversos modelos propostos para predizer a performance hidráulica de bombas centrífugas. No entanto, até as melhores simulações por CFD não conseguem predizer a performance das bombas com precisão. Neste trabalho, uma abordagem simples (modelo) disponível na literatura, baseada nos princípios de fluido dinâmica, que prediz a performance hidráulica de bombas com poucas e acessíveis dimensões hidráulicas, é validada com uma grande variedade de dados experimentais. Os dados de oitenta testes de diferentes tipos de bomba, cobrindo uma ampla extensão de velocidades específicas, foram considerados. A partir desta análise, correlações entre os coeficientes da equação do modelo e os principais dados hidráulicos das bombas foram propostas. Em seguida, diversos métodos de predição da altura no shut-off disponíveis na literatura foram analisados para que fosse possível definir o que melhor predissesse a altura no shut-off considerando os dados de teste. Finalmente, para cada tipo de bomba, a melhor combinação entre correlações e método de predição de altura no shut-off foi selecionada para reduzir o erro na predição das curvas de altura completas. Dadas todas as premissas e simplificações, o objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar um método aplicável para diversos tipos de bomba que facilmente prediz a curva de altura com erro razoável / Abstract: The hydraulic performance of centrifugal pumps depends on several hydraulic dimensions of the pump, but most of them are not easily accessible. Therefore, the pump¿s hydraulic performance always has to be informed by the pump manufacturer. Furthermore, in order to protect their intellectual property, manufacturers rarely share more detailed information about the pump hydraulics with the public. As a consequence, pump users and researchers don¿t have access to all the data they possibly need. In literature, there are several proposed models to predict the hydraulic performance of centrifugal pumps. However, even the best CFD simulations can¿t predict the pump performance accurately. In this work, a simple approach (model) available in literature, based on fluid dynamics principles, that predicts a pump¿s hydraulic performance with only a few accessible hydraulic dimensions, is validated with several experimental data. Eighty tests of different types of pumps, with a large range of specific speeds were considered. From this analysis, correlations among the coefficients of the model equation and the main hydraulic data of the pumps were proposed. Afterwards, several shut-off head prediction methods available in literature were analyzed in order to define the one that best predicts the shut-off head of the given tested data. Finally, for each pump type, the best combination of correlations and shut-off head prediction method was selected to reduce the error on the whole head curve prediction. Given all the assumptions and simplifications, the objective of this work is to present a method applicable to several pump types that easily provides a prediction of the whole head curve with reasonable error / Mestrado / Explotação / Mestra em Ciências e Engenharia de Petróleo

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