For about 14 000 years ago the domestication of the wolf, Canis lupus, began. This initiated the extensive work of breeding that resulted in man´s best friend, the dog. Its Latin name, Canis lupus familiaris, clearly shows how close they stand us people today. The Swedish Kennel Club has 343 registered breeds which are very different from each other in terms of the exterior, but also behaviourally. The behavioural differences in adult dogs of different breeds are commonly known. Something that is still in dispute is when these differences begin to manifest in the dog´s life. In this study two interview investigations were conducted with the aim to see whether distinct behavioural differences between breeds could be identified in the puppy stage. The breeds that were included in the study were American Staffordshire terrier, Border collie and Whippet. Two questionnaires were designed. One was sent to breeders because they were considered to have the most experience of the breeds in question. The other questionnaire was sent to veterinarians to get a more objective picture of the puppies’ behaviour. The results from the breeders showed that there was a statistically significant difference between the American Staffordshire terrier and Whippet puppies in their curiosity and the way they behaved socially. The outcome of the study is very interesting because it could mean that the breeding not only affects the behaviours of the adult dogs, but also the behavioural patterns of puppies. The results from the veterinarians showed that there was no difference between the breeds. The difference in results between the two groups could be due to the fact that different questions were asked, they have different preferences for the breeds, meet them in different environments, for different lengths of time or other sources of error. Further studies in this area are needed to investigate when the differences, which give dogs the title of the most varied species ethologically speaking, begin to appear.

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Darbo apimtis ir struktūra Darbas parašytas lietuvių kalba, kurį sudaro: įvadas, literatūros apžvalga, medžiagos ir metodai, rezultatai, išvados, naudotos literatūros sąrašas; darbo apimtis 65 puslapiai, darbe yra: 78 literatūros šaltiniai, 15 lentelių ir 13 paveikslėlių. Darbo tikslas įvertinti klinoptilolito įtaką skirtingo amžiaus ir lyties šuniukų augimo spartai ir sveikatingumui. Darbo uždaviniai:  įvertinti šuniukų ir suaugusių šunų šėrimui vartojamų ėdalų maistinę ir energinę vertę;  nustatyti ėdalų suvartojimo kiekius atskirais auginimo periodais priklausomai nuo gyvūno lyties;  nustatyti šuniukų ir suaugusių šunų svorio kitimą priklausomai nuo gyvūno lyties atskirais auginimo periodais;  paskaičiuoti gyvūnų kūno masės priaugimą atskirais auginimo periodais;  nustatyti pagrindinių maisto medžiagų kiekius patinėlių ir kalyčių išmatose;  paskaičiuoti maisto medžiagų pasisavinamumo lygį šuniukų ir suaugusių šunų organizme;  pateikti stebėjimo rezultatus apie išskiriamų išmatų konsistenciją;  pateikti šunų išmatų bakteriologinio tyrimo rezultatus;  pateikti išmatų pH dydžius atskirais auginimo tarpsniais. Šuniukų ir šunų šėrimui buvo naudojamas visavertis ėdalas „NATURE’S PROTECTION“, kurio sudėtyje nustatyta 920 g kg-1 sausosios medžiagos, 260 g kg-1 žalių baltymų, 150 g kg-1 žalių riebalų, 52 g kg-1 žalių pelenų, energinė vertė 20,25 MJ kg-1. Nustatyta, kad tiriamosios grupės šunys ir kalytės tiriamojo laikotarpio atskirais mėnesiais suvartojo mažesnius... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The scope of work and structure The Master's project is written in Lithuanian and consists of introduction, literature review, materials and methods, results, conclusions, references. The project comprises of 65 pages, 78 references, 15 tables and 13 pictures. Project aims: the main aim of this project is to evaluate the impact of a clinoptilolite of different age puppies growth rate and their health status. Objectives of the project:  to evaluate the puppies and dogs feeds nutritional and energy values  to determine the amount of food consumptions of different gender animals of various growth periods  to measure the weight alteration of different gender puppies and adult dogs of various growth periods  to estimate the animals weight gain of various growth periods  to measure the amount of the basic nutrients in male and female dogs faeces  to calculate the nutrients absorption level of puppies and adult dogs organisms  to represent the observation results about the dogs faeces consistency  to introduce the results of a bacteriological analysis of the dogs feaces  to present the dogs feaces values of pH of various growth periods Dogs and puppies have been fed with a full-rate dog‘s fodder “NATURE’S PROTECTION“, containing 920 g kg-1 of dry substance, 260 g kg-1 of raw protein, 150 g kg-1 of raw fats, 52 g kg-1 of raw ash; its energetic value - 20,25 MJ kg-1. As research data reveal, female and male dogs of a test group have been consuming lower amount of full-rate... [to full text]

Orientador: Maria Jaqueline Mamprim / Banca: Sheila Canavese Rahal / Banca: Luciana Del Rio Pinoti Ciarlini / Resumo: O emprego do exame ultrassonográfico na medicina veterinária é amplamente difundido como meio de diagnóstico complementar, principalmente para os tecidos moles e recentemente também da superfície dos tecidos ósseos. A presente pesquisa teve por objetivo analisar, de forma comparativa, a anatomia ultrassonográfica normal do fígado, rim, glândulas adrenais, baço, bexiga urinária e pâncreas de cães e gatos, adultos e filhotes, estabelecer padrões de normalidade e valores de referência e desenvolver material didático para o aprendizado da ultrassonografia em pequenos animais. Foram utilizados 20 animais em condições hígidas, de raças variadas sem predileção de sexo, divididos em: grupo C1- cinco cães adultos e C2 cinco cães filhotes, G1 cinco gatos adultos e G2 cinco gatos filhotes. Os animais foram preparados para o exame ultrassonográfico abdominal com jejum de 6 a 8 horas e administração de antifiséticos. Observou-se que cães e gatos adultos apresentaram o fígado com ecotextura de maior granulação em relação aos filhotes. A parede da vesícula biliar do gato filhote sempre foi visibilizada. O hilo esplênico ofereceu maior dificuldade de visibilização entre os felinos. O sinal de margem medular renal não foi evidenciado nos cães adultos e filhotes, mas esteve presente em todos os gatos adultos e eventualmente em alguns filhotes. A glândula adrenal do gato filhote foi visibilizada com ecogenicidade hipoecogênica difusa e no gato adulto permitiu ótima distinção da medular e cortical da glândula adrenal. Portanto, para se realizar com propriedade um exame ultrassonográfico abdominal, há necessidade de conhecimento sólido de anatomia topográfica, princípios de formação da imagem, suas interações e padrões de normalidade e tendo sempre em mente as particularidades de cada espécie. / Abstract: The ultrasound is widespread as a complementar diagnostic for soft tissue and for bone's surface in veterinary medicine. This study aimed to compare and standardize the normal anatomy ultrasonography of the liver, kidney, adrenal glands, spleen, bladder and pancreas on dogs and cats, adults and young, and development of didactic material for the learning of abdominal ultrasonography in small animals. Twente animals in healthy condition, mixed breed, male and female, were used, divided in four goups. Group C1 (five adults dogs), group C2 (five puppies), group G1 (five adults cats) and group G2 (five kittens). Before the exams, the animals were given antifizetics and fasting for six to eight hours. Adult animals had the liver echotexture with a larger thickness and the gallbladder wall always was visualized in kittens. The splenic hilu was difficult to saw in cats. The signal margin cord was not observed in dogs, but was present in all adult cats and possibly some kittens. The adrenal gland of the kittens was visualized as diffuse hypoechogenic and in adult cat was possible to saw the distinction of cortical and medullar region on the adrenal gland. Finaly, it's necessary to have a solid knowlodge about the topographic anatomy, image formation and normal standard in each specie for ultrasonografic exams. / Mestre