Thesis advisor: Rudolph Hon / Groundwater in the Shepley's Hill Landfill (SHL) area had a high arsenic concentration for at least 20 years. This study is aimed at understanding the migration pathways of arsenic in the SHL area and postulating the possible sources and mechanisms for the mobilization of arsenic. A direct-push sampling technique (DPT) was applied in the summer of 2010 within the SHL and its downgradient area, which provided groundwater samples from various depths and locations. A long-term monitoring dataset from 1998 to 2009 was utilized as a subsidiary source for temporal analysis. Spatial distributions of arsenic and other major dissolved compositions were analyzed. Extremely high arsenic concentrations (up to ~ 15000 µg/L) were detected in the deep glacial sand deposits close to a peat layer within the SHL. Arsenic concentrations decrease dramatically in the downgradient area north of the SHL. The transport of arsenic in the SHL area is similar to that of iron. The source of arsenic is likely to been within the boundary of the SHL. The glacial sand overburden within the SHL provides enough source for the arsenic mobilization. A possible mechanism of arsenic mobilization in the SHL area is that the reductive dissolution/desorption of arsenic from iron bearing minerals under a lasting reducing environment created by decompositions of organic matter in waste and peat. / Thesis (MS) — Boston College, 2013. / Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Earth and Environmental Sciences.

Estágio realizado na Unicer-Bebidas, S.A., e orientado pelo Eng. Pedro Miguel Cunha Ribeiro / Tese de mestrado integrado. Engenharia Industrial e Gestão. Universidade do Porto. Faculdade de Engenharia. 2010

Uppsatsen syftade till att 1) öka förståelsen varför kvinnor lämnat rollen som chef och 2) om det fanns skillnader mot män som lämnat rollen som chef. Resultaten visade att kvinnor i lämnade pga. "push"-orsaker, dvs. att man ej var nöjd, medan männen lämnade pga. "pull"-orsaker, positivt motiverande faktorer. Studien visade också att de kvinnor som stannade kvar i rollen som chef gjorde det pga. "pull"-orsaker. Arbetet baserades på en intervjustudie av 16 personer under våren 2010. Slutsatsen var att kvinnor oftare trycktes ut ur chefsrollen genom missnöje, medan männen drogs ut ur chefsrollen genom att lockas vidare. / The thesis was aimed to 1) increase the understanding of why women left the role as a manager and 2) if there was any differences between them and the men who left the role as a manager. The results showed that women left because of push-factors, that they weren’t satisfied, whereas men left because of pull-factors, positively motivating factors. The study also showed that women who stayed in the role as a manger did so because of pull-factors. The study was based on interviews of 16 persons during spring 2010. The conclusion was that women more often were pushed out of the manager role because of discontent, whereas men were pulled out because of attraction to something else.

This is an essay in the field of English literature didactics. It argues for the use of authentic texts in literacy acquisition. Specifically, the aim of this essay is to justify the use of the novel Push in an English language classroom in Sweden by presenting a literature lesson plan and validating it by three intrerview responses from teachers at a senior high school. I believe students may find the theme of the novel engaging and motivating. The lesson plan is outlined as a student writing project. In this writing project, students will practice reading, speaking and writing skills. The project also includes peer- response which is an activity mentioned in the Englsih 5 syllabus. The lesson plan aims to achieve the learning outcomes of what the Swedish curriculum and syllabus state. The project is validated by a questionnaire, sent by e-mail to teachers at a senior high school in Gävle, regarding the relevance of the proposed lesson plan. Since only three teachers found it possible to participate this essay should be considerate as a pilot case study. However their answers and my analysis provide practical teaching guidelines and indicate the relevance of this particular lesson plan.

The problems associated with the contamination of groundwater environments by non-aqueous phase liquids (NAPLs) such as chlorinated solvents, gasoline and manufacturing gas plant (MGP) residuals, including their distribution and persistence, are well accepted. The treatment of groundwater by in situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) relies on the oxidation potential of chemical reagents to destroy harmful organic compounds. The interaction of these oxidants with target and non-target compounds in the subsurface will help determine effectiveness and efficiency of an ISCO treatment system. Push-pull tests (PPTs) have the utility to estimate key properties in situ and allow for sampling a larger volume of aquifer to yield more representative estimates as compared to conventional bench-scale tests. The scale and cost-effectiveness of a PPT make it an ideal tool to collect valuable information on subsurface system behaviour so that uncertainties can be minimized. The use of PPTs to provide insight into treatment expectations or to support the design of an ISCO system requires a suitable interpretation tool. A multi-species numerical model (‘PPT-ISCO’) in a radial coordinate system was developed to simulate a PPT with the injection of a conservative tracer and oxidant (persulfate or permanganate) into the saturated zone of a porous medium environment. The pore space may contain variable amounts of immobile, multicomponent, residual NAPL. The aquifer material contains a natural organic matter (NOM) fraction and/or other oxidizable aquifer material (OAM) species. The model is capable of simulating mass transport for an arbitrary number of conservative and reactive tracers and NAPL constituents subjected to chemical reactions. The ability of PPTs to capture the in situ natural oxidant interaction (NOI) was tested with PPTISCO. Breakthrough curve (BTC) data collected from permanganate and persulfate PPTs conducted in the field were compared to simulated BTCs by assigning the same field operational parameters to the model and applying NOI kinetic information obtained from batch tests. These tests confirmed the usability of the model and PPTs to obtain the NOI kinetics from PPT BTCs. The sensitivity of PPT BTCs to variations in the field operating and NOI parameters were investigated. The results of varying the field operating parameters indicated that the oxidant BTCs could be scaled to match varying injection and extraction flow rates. Variations in NOI parameters revealed that the permanganate BTC is primarily controlled by the permanganate fast reaction rate coefficient and the quantity of OAM present in the aquifer. The spatial profiles of OAM across the test zone revealed that the majority of the OAM consumption is from the fast fraction and occurs in the vicinity of the well where the permanganate concentration is greatest. An estimate of the permanganate fast reaction rate coefficient can be obtained from a permanganate PPT BTC by employing the model to simulate the PPT with the operational parameters (used in the field) and literature estimates of the remaining NOI parameters. Calibration between the simulated and observed BTCs can be undertaken to adjust the permanganate fast reaction rate coefficient to fit the permanganate PPT BTC. Persulfate NOI sensitivity investigations revealed that persulfate PPT BTCs can be characterized by a concentration plateau at early times as a result of the increased ionic strength in the area around the injection well. The ionic strength is primarily controlled by the injected persulfate concentration, and as persulfate degrades into sulphate and acid, the ionic strength is enhanced. Graphical analysis of the BTC revealed that an underestimated value of the persulfate degradation rate coefficient can be obtained from the PPT BTC. A more representative estimate of the persulfate degradation rate coefficient can be achieved after fitting the field BTC to the simulated results, applying the underestimated value as a starting point. PPTs investigating ISCO treatability have the ability to provide insight into the effect of the NOI on the oxidation of target compounds, site-specific oxidant dosage requirements and NAPL treatment expectations. NAPL component BTCs from treatability PPTs are primarily controlled by the mass in the fast region, and the fast region mass transfer rate coefficient. Oxidation estimates extracted from NAPL component BTCs were shown to accurately approximate the mass of each NAPL component oxidized when compared to model calculations. The mass of NAPL oxidized for each of the components yields a site-specific oxidant dosage. This estimate exceeds what is prescribed by the stoichiometry between permanganate and the contaminant of concern due to the effect of the NOI. The utility of PPTs to study and quantify the interaction between injected oxidants and the aquifer material has been demonstrated with PPT-ISCO. In addition, PPT-ISCO has revealed that treatability PPTs can be tailored to investigate the dosage requirements and treatment expectations of residual NAPLs. Results from this effort will be used to support ongoing field research exploring the use of PPTs to assist in understanding the competing subsurface processes affecting ISCO applications.

Since 1960, the aboriginal of Taiwan have gradually moved to urban areas, living with a kind of gathering or spreading style. So far, urban aboriginals become the majority among other kinds of aboriginals. Facing illegally gathered clusters of buildings over national lands, villages and riversides occupied by urban aboriginals, researcher have been trying to find out why those aboriginals moved into urban areas? How did those urban aboriginals select a suitable settlement for them? And what about current standard of living and conditions they could manage and reach? In order to find out the migration behaviour of urban aboriginals in this research, researcher use qualitative research such as interview, interpretive methods. From the various results of this research, it can be seen that some aboriginals of Amis are living in a closed environment located at San-Ying tribe in Taipei County. They are not only facing shortage goods, unstable working condition, but also having little educational training. They moved from original area to urban areas caused by economic reason. Different workplace caused urban aboriginal live, when they can¡¦t fine a job, they¡¦ll try to find somewhere to live. San-Ying tribe was chosen as the destination for new settlement because of friends¡¦ notice and a consideration of the position. For them, this new settlement has already been the second original area and almost of their colleagues and friends do make their living in the urban areas as it is easy to get a job there. What San-Ying tribe residents want now is to have a stable income and a home for them to survive in the society. Researcher suppose these problems lying on cooperation and collaborations between government and civil organizations to settlement solutions, employment solutions and educational solutions.

The problems associated with the contamination of groundwater environments by non-aqueous phase liquids (NAPLs) such as chlorinated solvents, gasoline and manufacturing gas plant (MGP) residuals, including their distribution and persistence, are well accepted. The treatment of groundwater by in situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) relies on the oxidation potential of chemical reagents to destroy harmful organic compounds. The interaction of these oxidants with target and non-target compounds in the subsurface will help determine effectiveness and efficiency of an ISCO treatment system. Push-pull tests (PPTs) have the utility to estimate key properties in situ and allow for sampling a larger volume of aquifer to yield more representative estimates as compared to conventional bench-scale tests. The scale and cost-effectiveness of a PPT make it an ideal tool to collect valuable information on subsurface system behaviour so that uncertainties can be minimized. The use of PPTs to provide insight into treatment expectations or to support the design of an ISCO system requires a suitable interpretation tool. A multi-species numerical model (‘PPT-ISCO’) in a radial coordinate system was developed to simulate a PPT with the injection of a conservative tracer and oxidant (persulfate or permanganate) into the saturated zone of a porous medium environment. The pore space may contain variable amounts of immobile, multicomponent, residual NAPL. The aquifer material contains a natural organic matter (NOM) fraction and/or other oxidizable aquifer material (OAM) species. The model is capable of simulating mass transport for an arbitrary number of conservative and reactive tracers and NAPL constituents subjected to chemical reactions. The ability of PPTs to capture the in situ natural oxidant interaction (NOI) was tested with PPTISCO. Breakthrough curve (BTC) data collected from permanganate and persulfate PPTs conducted in the field were compared to simulated BTCs by assigning the same field operational parameters to the model and applying NOI kinetic information obtained from batch tests. These tests confirmed the usability of the model and PPTs to obtain the NOI kinetics from PPT BTCs. The sensitivity of PPT BTCs to variations in the field operating and NOI parameters were investigated. The results of varying the field operating parameters indicated that the oxidant BTCs could be scaled to match varying injection and extraction flow rates. Variations in NOI parameters revealed that the permanganate BTC is primarily controlled by the permanganate fast reaction rate coefficient and the quantity of OAM present in the aquifer. The spatial profiles of OAM across the test zone revealed that the majority of the OAM consumption is from the fast fraction and occurs in the vicinity of the well where the permanganate concentration is greatest. An estimate of the permanganate fast reaction rate coefficient can be obtained from a permanganate PPT BTC by employing the model to simulate the PPT with the operational parameters (used in the field) and literature estimates of the remaining NOI parameters. Calibration between the simulated and observed BTCs can be undertaken to adjust the permanganate fast reaction rate coefficient to fit the permanganate PPT BTC. Persulfate NOI sensitivity investigations revealed that persulfate PPT BTCs can be characterized by a concentration plateau at early times as a result of the increased ionic strength in the area around the injection well. The ionic strength is primarily controlled by the injected persulfate concentration, and as persulfate degrades into sulphate and acid, the ionic strength is enhanced. Graphical analysis of the BTC revealed that an underestimated value of the persulfate degradation rate coefficient can be obtained from the PPT BTC. A more representative estimate of the persulfate degradation rate coefficient can be achieved after fitting the field BTC to the simulated results, applying the underestimated value as a starting point. PPTs investigating ISCO treatability have the ability to provide insight into the effect of the NOI on the oxidation of target compounds, site-specific oxidant dosage requirements and NAPL treatment expectations. NAPL component BTCs from treatability PPTs are primarily controlled by the mass in the fast region, and the fast region mass transfer rate coefficient. Oxidation estimates extracted from NAPL component BTCs were shown to accurately approximate the mass of each NAPL component oxidized when compared to model calculations. The mass of NAPL oxidized for each of the components yields a site-specific oxidant dosage. This estimate exceeds what is prescribed by the stoichiometry between permanganate and the contaminant of concern due to the effect of the NOI. The utility of PPTs to study and quantify the interaction between injected oxidants and the aquifer material has been demonstrated with PPT-ISCO. In addition, PPT-ISCO has revealed that treatability PPTs can be tailored to investigate the dosage requirements and treatment expectations of residual NAPLs. Results from this effort will be used to support ongoing field research exploring the use of PPTs to assist in understanding the competing subsurface processes affecting ISCO applications.

No description available.

Les travaux présentés dans cette thèse ont pour objectif de contribuer au développement des cellules photovoltaïques hybrides employant un colorant organique pour sensibiliser un semi-conducteur de type p (NiO). Ces travaux de recherche ont porté sur la synthèse, l’étude théorique par des calculs DFT, les caractérisations physico-chimiques (absorption, émission, électrochimie et spectro-électrochimie) et les mesures photovoltaïques de sensibilisateurs innovants. Des modulations de structures sur la base du motif dicétopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) ont permis d’étudier l’influence d’une entité électrodonneuse ainsi que le rôle crucial de différents groupes électroaccepteurs sur la durée de vie de l’état à charges séparées (NiO+/colorant-) et sur les performances photovoltaïques. L’intensification et l’élargissement des bandes d’absorption de nouveaux colorants fondés sur cette même famille de sensibilisateur (DPP) ont accru considérablement la densité de courant. L’étude de nouveaux matériaux organiques de type donneur-accepteur et l’application d’une stratégie employant deux groupes accepteurs successifs de forces croissantes ont été réalisées. Cette partie a mis en lumière la nécessité de développer de nouveaux groupes électrodonneurs et fonctions d’ancrage mieux adaptées aux p-DSSC. Cette problématique a été abordée par la conception de colorants de type pérylène-monoimide dont la structure varie uniquement par la nature de la fonction d’ancrage. Ces colorants ont été testés dans des cellules sur des cathodes poreuses de NiO et de CuGaO2 et ont pu montrer que la fonction hydroxyquinoline conduit à des performances photovoltaïques supérieures à la fonction acide carboxylique. / This thesis aims at contributing to the development of dye sensitized solar cells (DSSC) that are based on an organic dye and a p-type semi-conductor as photocathode such as NiO. In this context, these studies focus on the synthesis, the theoretical study by DFT calculations, the physicochemical characterizations (absorption and emission spectra, electrochemistry and spectroelectrochemistry) and photovoltaic characterizations of these innovative sensitizers. Structure modulations on a diketopyrrolopyrrole dye (DPP) investigate the influence of an electron-donating group and the crucial role of different electron-withdrawing groups on the lifetime of the charge separation state (NiO+/dye-) and on the photovoltaic performances. Enhancement and broadening of the absorption bands with new sensitizers have enabled to considerably increase the photocurrent density and to reach among the highest values reported in the literature with the best dyes. Synthesis of new organic push-pull dyes and the application of a strategy using two successive electron-withdrawing groups of growing strengths have been realized. This part highlights the necessity to develop new electron-donating and anchoring groups for p-type dye sensitized solar cells. This point issue was investigated in the final chapter of this thesis by the design of new perylene monoimide sensitizers, whose structures only differ by the nature of the anchoring group (CO2H, acac, PO3H2, hydroxyquinoline…). These dyes were investigated in DSSCs with porous cathode made of NiO or CuGaO2. It was shown that the binding group hydroxyquinoline gives higher photovoltaic performances than the classical carboxylic acid group.

The topic of the master thesis is an analysis of the attitude of future graduates towards self-employment. The aim of the thesis is to find out, within the push-pull theory, which factors currently influence graduates in decision-making whether to be employed or to start their own business and whether their attitude has changed due to the situation in society associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. The research will be conducted by a questionnaire survey. The result of the thesis will be a comparison of motives for decision-making between employment and entrepreneurship before and during the pandemic crisis. Based on the research results, solutions for increasing motivation of future graduates to become entrepreneurs and suggestions for improving strategy of business support organizations to support entrepreneurship among graduates according to their needs will be proposed