Syfte och frågeställningar Syftet med den här studien var att undersöka den aeroba fysiska aktivitetsnivån hos gymnasieungdomar på Bygg- och anläggningsprogrammet under skoldagar som innehöll teorilektioner, praktiska lektioner, idrottslektioner och raster. Frågan som ställdes var: Hur ser den fysiska aktivitetsnivån ut under teorilektioner, praktiska lektioner och lektioner i idrott och hälsa samt under raster hos gymnasieelever på Bygg- och anläggningsprogrammet. Metod I studien deltog 9 pojkar i åldern 16 år, längd 174-192cm och vikt 51-91kg. Den test som genomförts är 5 Minuters Pyramid Test (5MPT) och registrering av aerob fysisk belastning gjordes med hjärtfrekvensmätningar. 5MPT är ett skytteltest som är fem minuter långt, där försökspersonen tar sig fram och tillbaka mellan två stolpar och så snabbt som möjligt passerarfram och tillbaka över en vertikal pyramidformad trappramp (sträcka 5,5 meter). Antalet vändor, skattad ansträngning samt hjärtfrekvens (HF) registrerades. Utvecklad power (effekt) erhölls genom produkten av kroppsmassa, gravitation, antal vändor, höjd på högsta plinten (0,53 m) dividerat med total tiden i 5MPT. Utifrån 5MPT kunde beräknad VO2 max samt Power/kg (W/kg) beräknas för försökspersonen. Testet med hjärtfrekvensregistrering gick till så att eleverna under en skolvecka hela skoldagen bar en pulsklocka med förtejpad urtavla och ett elektrodbälte. De tryckte på händelsemarkering vid rast och när lektionen startade igen. Eleverna förde dagbok där de beskrev vad de gjort under dagen.  Resultat För samtliga försökspersoner kan man se en genomgående trend avseende fysisk belastningsnivå uttryckt som hjärtfrekvens vilket syns i följande resultat. Den högsta pulsen uppnåddes under idrottslektionerna med en genomsnittlig hjärtfrekvens på ca 140 slag/min, den näst högsta under de praktiska lektionerna med 94 slag/min. Därnäst följde rasterna med 83 slag/min och lägst utslag visades under teorilektionerna med en genomsnittlig hjärtfrekvens på ca 80 slag/min. Försökspersonerna utnyttjade ca 30 % av sin maximala syreupptagningsförmåga under de praktiska lektionerna. Slutsats Den här studien har visat att det är under undervisningen i idrott och hälsa och delvis på de praktiska lektionerna som en högre aktivitetsnivå mätt i hjärtfrekvens kan noteras hos försökspersonerna. Studien indikerar också att försökspersonerna utsätts för relativt hög fysisk belastning. Ca 30 % av den maximala syreupptagningsförmågan utnyttjas vid en skoldag med praktiska lektioner. / Aim The aim of the study was to investigate the aerobic physical activity level of high school students who study to become building workers during school days which consist of theory classes, practical classes, physical education classes and pauses. The question to be answered was: How was the aerobic physical activity level during theory classes, practical classes, physical education classes and pauses for high school students in a program for building workers. Method In this study participated 9 boys aged 16, length 174-192 cm and weight 51-91 kg. The test that has been carried out was 5 Minutes Pyramid Test (5MPT). In addition heart rate was measured during the school day. The 5MPT is a 5-minute-shuttle test, in which the participant moves back and forth in a short interval (5.5 m) over boxes (highest height 0.53 m) formed like a pyramid. Power in the pyramid test (5MPT POWER) was calculated as the product of numbers of laps, body mass, gravity and highest box level divided by time. From 5 MPT VO2 max and Power/kg (W/kg) were calculated for the participants. The participant’s heart rates were measured during a week the whole school day by means of a heart monitor with the monitor display taped over and an electrode belt. They pushed a button on the clock to mark when they had pauses and when the classes started again. The participants wrote in a diary what they had done during each day. Results The results show that for each of the participants the same trend considering aerobic physical load level expressed in heart rate in the following results. The highest pulse rate was obtained during the physical education lessons 140 beats/min followed by practical lessons 94 beats/min, pauses 83 beats/min and theory lessons 80 beats/min. The participants are using approximately 30 % of their maximal oxygen uptake during a day with practical lessons. Conclusions This study shows that it is during physical education lessons and to some extent during practical lessons in building construction, a higher activity level measured in heart rate can be noticed in the participants. The study indicates that the participants are exposed to a relative high physical workload. Roughly 30 % of maximal oxygen uptake is used during a day of practical lessons.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-27T14:20:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Larissa Escher Chagas.pdf: 1482179 bytes, checksum: ca80f56815a41ca93e8b589b3e76c878 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-16 / This thesis is organized in two articles that aim to contribute to the construction of Brazilian psychometric parameters of standardization and validity of using the Test of Pfisters Color Pyramid (TPC) for children and adolescents. With the gathering of the test standards performance of this age group in a Brazilian region not included in the psychological instrument manual, it is possible complement the normative test data, increasing its potential for use and reliability. The first article is the presentation of normative data for the study sample, and the comparison among different age groups, gender and type of school. The study included 367 children and adolescents, 7-14 years, with respect to which were performed comparative analyzes and survey descriptive statistics of performance in the TPC. The results indicate the presence of productions less developed cognitively and greater emotional immaturity in children 7-12 years, while teens have better organization of thought. Regarding gender, girls were more extroverted and anxious than boys who, in turn, had higher modulation capability of emotions. Considering the school origin, note that public school students demonstrated ability to conduct maintenance adapted in relation to emotions, while the private schools have obtained, mostly over high cognitive performance evidence. The second article is a validation study where one sees the possible correlations between the emotional and cognitive indicators of the TPC and the level of non-verbal general intelligence as measured by the Raven test. The study included 411 children and adolescents 7-14 years of age, whose data were analyzed from three groups of different levels of intelligence: lower, middle and upper. The results showed a significant positive correlation between the Formal aspects and levels of intelligence, where indicators of more primitive cognitive and emotional levels were observed in lower-level participants intelligence; intermediate productions correspond to the median intellectual levels; and the most sophisticated productions relate to the higher intellectual levels, which also showed higher anxiety and tension in dealing with emotions, the greater frequency of use of the violet color. This result can be considered evidence of TPC validation in children and adolescents, mainly related to their cognitive indicators. In general, the two dissertation articles seek to contribute to the best and highest use of the instrument, setting standards for certain population and verifying evidence of validity. / A presente dissertação está organizada em dois artigos que têm como objetivo contribuir com a construção de parâmetros psicométricos brasileiros de normatização e de validade do uso do Teste das Pirâmides Coloridas de Pfister (TPC) para crianças e adolescentes. Com o levantamento dos desempenhos padrões no teste dessa faixa etária, em uma região brasileira não contemplada no manual do instrumento psicológico, pode-se complementar os dados normativos do teste, aumentando seu potencial de uso e de fidedignidade. O primeiro artigo consiste na apresentação dos dados normativos para a amostra do estudo, além da comparação entre grupos diferentes de idade, sexo e tipo de escola. Participaram do estudo 367 crianças e adolescentes de 7 a 14 anos, com relação aos quais foram realizadas análises comparativas e levantamento da estatística descritiva do desempenho no TPC. Os resultados apontam para a presença de produções menos desenvolvidas cognitivamente e maior imaturidade emocional em crianças de 7 a 12 anos, enquanto os adolescentes possuem melhor organização do pensamento. Quanto ao sexo, as meninas se mostraram mais extrovertidas e ansiosas do que os meninos que, por sua vez, apresentaram maior capacidade de modulação das emoções. Considerando a origem escolar, nota-se que alunos de escolas públicas demostraram capacidade de manutenção de conduta adaptada em relação às emoções, enquanto os de escolas particulares obtiveram, em sua maioria, mais indícios de desempenho cognitivo elevado. O segundo artigo é um estudo de validação onde verificam-se as possíveis correlações entre os indicadores emocionais e cognitivos do TPC e o nível de inteligência geral não verbal medido pelo Teste de Raven. Participaram do estudo 411 crianças e adolescentes de 7 a 14 anos de idade, cujos dados foram analisados a partir de três grupos de diferentes níveis de inteligência: inferior, mediano e superior. Os resultados indicaram correlação positiva significativa entre os Aspectos Formais e os níveis de inteligência, onde os indicadores de níveis cognitivos e emocionais mais primitivos foram observados em participantes de nível inferior de inteligência; as produções intermediárias correspondem aos níveis intelectuais medianos; e as produções mais sofisticadas se relacionam com os níveis intelectuais superiores, que também apresentaram maior ansiedade e tensão na forma de lidar com as emoções, pela maior frequência do uso da cor violeta. Este resultado pode ser considerado uma evidência de validação do TPC em crianças e adolescentes, principalmente relacionado aos seus indicadores cognitivos. De maneira geral, os dois artigos da dissertação procuram contribuir para a melhor e maior utilização do instrumento, estabelecendo normas para determinada população e comprovando evidências de validade do mesmo.