I. Synthesis of pyroglutamic acid derivatives via double Michael reactions of alkynones Pyroglutamic acids and their derivatives are common structural units of widespread chemical significance and they have been heavily utilised as building blocks for asymmetric synthesis. A new method for the synthesis of highly functionalised pyroglutamic acid derivatives, which consists in a Double Michael addition route that utilises amidetethered carbon diacids and aromatic alkynones as substrates, is here described. The reaction proceeds with good levels of trans-diastereoselectivity, provided that substoichiometric quantities of Mg(OTf)2 or Ni(acac)2 are employed. II. Michael additions combined with Friedel-Crafts cyclisations A domino Michael/Friedel-Crafts alkyation of aryl ethers with propargyl ketones was developed as a continuation of our double Michael additions. The reaction, here described, proceeds in good yield over two steps, when the aryl ethers and alkynones are treated with substoichiometric quantities of Yb(OTf)3 and heated to 100 oC in a microwave oven.

Carbon skeleton of polysubstituted pyroglutamates with three contiguous asymmetric centers was built up in one base-induced coupling/cyclization reaction of £\-sulfonylacetamide with 2-bromo-2-propenoates and has been used as the key step in the formal synthesis of isoguvacine paroxetine, and psudoheliotridane.

A rapid and accurate quantitative method was developed and validated for the analysis of four urinary organic acids with nitrogen containing functional groups, formiminoglutamic acid (FIGLU), pyroglutamic acid (PYRGLU), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), and 2-methylhippuric acid (2-METHIP) by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). The chromatography was developed using a weak anion-exchange amino column that provided mixed-mode retention of the analytes. The elution gradient relied on changes in mobile phase pH over a concave gradient, without the use of counter-ions or concentrated salt buffers. A simple sample preparation was used, only requiring the dilution of urine prior to instrumental analysis. The method was validated based on linearity (r2 ¡Ý 0.995), accuracy (85¨C115%), precision (C.V. < 12%), sample preparation stability (¡Ü 5%, 72h), and established patient ranges. The method was found to be both efficient and accurate for the analysis of urinary zwitterionic organic acids.

Intrastriatal injections of L-Pyroglutamate (L-PGA) in mice produced behavioral and neuropathological effects that resemble in part the kainate-injected rat striatal model of Huntington's Disease (HD). The behavioral responses induced after unilateral injections of L-PGA included circling, postural asymmetry of head and trunk and possible dyskinesias. The neuropil in the injected striatum contained dilated profiles, degenerating neurons and oligodendroglia, and numerous phagocytic microglial-like cells. A dose response relation existed. The size of the lesion (expressed as a percent volume of the striatum destroyed) ranged from 1±0.18% at 0.02 μmoles to 20.2±3.97% at 200 μmoles L-PGA (pH=7.3). L-PGA is a weak neurotoxin when compared to kainic acid. Several factors raise interest in the possible role of L-PGA in HD, including the recently reported elevated plasma levels of L-PGA in some HD patients [51,52], and these are considered in the discussion.

No description available.

Ce travail de thèse porte, dans un premier temps, sur le développement d'une nouvelle synthèse de liquides ioniques chiraux réversibles, en système mono-composant, à partir d'aminoacides naturels. La réversibilité a été démontrée par RMN, par analyse thermogravimétrique et par calorimétrie différentielle à balayage. Ces composés ont été testés comme catalyseurs organiques dans la réaction d’addition de Michael asymétrique. Des rendements modérés ont été obtenus. Les silylamines chirales, précurseurs des liquides ioniques chiraux réversibles, ont été évaluées dans la synthèse de Warfarine via une addition de Michael asymétrique. De bons rendements ont été obtenus. Toutefois, ces catalyseurs n'ont permis de conduire qu'à de faibles énantiosélectivités. L'utilisation de liquides ioniques réversibles comme groupements protecteurs temporaires en glycochimie, pour la synthèse de disaccharides, a été mise en œuvre. Dans un second temps, de nouveaux sels d'imidazolinium chiraux précurseurs de NHCs ont été synthétisés, à partir de l'acide (S)-pyroglutamique en vue de leur application dans la réaction d'addition conjuguée de cétones α, β-insaturées catalysée au cuivre avec des réactifs de Grignard. Les excès énantiomériques sont modestes mais de bons résultats en termes d’activité catalytique et de régiosélectivité ont été obtenus. / At first, this work deals with the synthesis of a novel class of single-component reversible chiral ionic liquids derived from natural aminoacids. Reversibility was demonstrated by NMR, thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. These compounds were tested as organocatalysts in an asymmetric Michael addition leading to the formation of expected product in moderate yields. Chiral silylamines, precursors to reversible ionic liquids were also evaluated in the synthesis of Warfarin through an asymmetric Michael addition. Good yields were obtained. However, these catalysts have resulted in only low enantioselectivity. Moreover, the use of reversible ionic liquid as a temporary protecting group in glycochemistry, for the synthesis of disaccharides was also implemented. Secondly, some new chiral imidazolinium salts, precursors to NHCs, were synthesized from (S)-pyroglutamic acid, for copper-catalyzed conjugate addition of Grignard reagents to α,β-unsaturated ketones applications. The results have shown moderate enantioselectivity with very good catalytic activity and excellent regioselectivity.