In this thesis, we consider semi-algebraic sets over a real closed field R defined by quadratic polynomials. Semi-algebraic sets of R^k are defined as the smallest family of sets in R^k that contains the algebraic sets as well as the sets defined by polynomial inequalities, and which is also closed under the boolean operations (complementation, finite unions and finite intersections). We prove new bounds on the topological complexity of semi-algebraic sets over a real closed field R defined by quadratic polynomials, in terms of the parameters of the system of polynomials defining them, which improve the known results. We conclude the thesis with presenting two new algorithms along with their implementations.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / O estudo realizado nesta dissertaÃÃo, busca apresentar as seccÃes cÃnicas, dando Ãnfase a uma abordagem por meio de uma geometria sintÃtica e elementar, onde o trabalho à desenvolvido da seguinte forma: inicia-se com uma abordagem histÃrica, assim como a sua relaÃÃo com o cone circular; em seguida, à feito um estudo sintÃtico sobre as cÃnicas, exclusivamente, no plano; apresenta-se algumas superfÃcies quÃdricas; a equaÃÃo geral do segundo grau à apresentada como uma representaÃÃo algÃbrica de uma cÃnica e sÃo mostradas diversas situaÃÃes, onde as cÃnicas surgem de forma, curiosamente, natural, alÃm das inÃmeras aplicaÃÃes prÃticas em diversas Ãreas do conhecimento. / The study in this dissertation, seeks to present the conic sections, emphasizing an approach by means of a synthetic and elementary geometry, where the work is carried out as follows: begins with a historical approach, as well as their relationship with the circular cone; then itâs done a synthetic study on the conical exclusively on the plan; It presents some quadric surfaces; the general equation of the second degree is presented as an algebraic representation of a conic and are shown several situations where the conical arise so, curiously, natural, in addition to numerous practical applications in various fields of knowledge.